Bernhard Schick

• Professor
• Head of Department at Kempten University of Applied Sciences

Technological advancements focus on developing comfortable and acceptable driving characteristics in autonomous vehicles. Present driving functions predominantly possess predefined parameters, and there is no universally accepted driving style for autonomous vehicles. While driving may be technically safe and the likelihood of road accidents is red...

Technological advancements focus on developing comfortable and acceptable driving characteristics in autonomous vehicles. Present driving functions predominantly possess predefined parameters, and there is no universally accepted driving style for autonomous vehicles. While driving may be technically safe and the likelihood of road accidents is red...

This paper provides an approach for controlling the level of risk when operating highly automated transportation systems like cars, trains and similar. Such systems replace human perception and decision-making by employing highly sophisticated solutions based on electronics, IT, and AI. Such systems have demonstrated the potential for building high...

The validity of the subjective evaluation of steering feedback in driving simulators is crucial for modern vehicle development. Although there are established objective steering characteristics for the assessment of both stationary and dynamic feedback behaviour, factors such as steering wheel vibrations and vehicle body motion, particularly in hig...

Dataset for the paper: Self-Perception versus Objective Driving Behavior: Subject Study of Lateral Vehicle Guidance Advancements in technology are steering attention toward creating comfortable and acceptable driving characteristics in autonomous vehicles. Ensuring a safe and comfortable ride experience is vital for the widespread adoption of auto...

Driving simulators are used to test under reproducible conditions, however, they must be validated for each application. This guarantees that the gathered data on the simulator is representative of real vehicle data. This paper examines and compares objective data from 20 drivers that are recorded on a six degrees of freedom (DOF) high dynamic driv...

During the research and development of state-of-the-art driver assistance and highly autonomous driving functions, there is a need for a high amount of reliable measurement data obtained by multimodal sensors. This is especially the case for data-driven machine learning approaches. To provide a dedicated test environment for autonomous research, t...

During the development of state-of-the-art driver assistance systems and highly autonomous driving functions, there is a demand for reliable research vehicle platforms that can be used in a variety of applications. Especially for data-driven machine learning approaches, a large amount of measurement data obtained from multimodal sensors is needed....

A steering force module on a vehicle test bench including a first main body and a transverse force actuator that is displaceable relative thereto. A transverse force being generated by a displacement of the transverse force actuator relative to the first main body, by means of which the transverse force can be applied to the steering system. Furthe...

This paper presents a detailed analysis and characterization of Subjective Assessment Indicators for evaluating manual as well as fully automatic parking maneuvers. Parking is a huge challenge for many drivers. With the introduction of autonomous driving, parking maneuver assistants are essential functional components. For the development of automa...

The head-up-display (HUD), which reflects driving information into the windshield has the goal to lower driving effort from the information uptake and thereby, increase our safety by reducing risks associated to e.g., fatigue and stress. However, the user acceptance of the Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) is remarkably low. This motivated...

In this paper, an analysis of a subjective evaluation of manually and automatically executed longitudinal and lateral parking maneuvers using Subjective Assessment Indicators is presented. With the introduction of autonomous driving, parking maneuver assistants are essential functional components. Driver assistance systems will only be accepted if...

Safeguarding and type approval of automated vehicles is a key enabler for their market launch in our complex traffic environment. Scenario-based testing by means of computer simulation is becoming increasingly important to cope with the enormous complexity and effort. However, there is a huge gap when assessing the safety of the virtual vehicle whi...

Due to the rapid progress in the development of automated vehicles over the last decade, their market entry is getting closer. One of the remaining challenges is the safety assessment and type approval of automated vehicles, as conventional testing in the real world would involve an unmanageable mileage. Scenario-based testing using simulation is a...

Safeguarding and type approval of automated vehicles is a key enabler for their market launch in our complex traffic environment. Scenario-based testing by means of computer simulation is becoming increasingly important to cope with the enormous complexity and effort. However, there is a huge gap when assessing the safety of the virtual vehicle whi...

Simulation is becoming increasingly important in the development, testing and approval process in many areas of engineering, ranging from finite element models to highly complex cyber-physical systems such as autonomous cars. Simulation must be accompanied by model verification, validation and uncertainty quantification (VV&UQ) activities to assess...

The head-up-display (HUD), which reflects driving information into the windshield has the goal to lower driving effort from the information uptake and thereby, increase our safety by reducing risks associated to e.g., fatigue and stress. This motivated us to test the HUD in combination with the lane keeping assistant system (LKAS) from n = 48 subje...

A major concern about advanced motion-based simulators is their level of fidelity i.e., how close the motion sensation in a simulator is to the one perceived in a real vehicle. In this study, we collect the assessment from an exceptional sample composed by n=33 automotive industry experts who were asked to evaluate the fidelity in terms of steering...

When will automated vehicles come onto the market? This question has puzzled the automotive industry and society for years. The technology and its implementation have made rapid progress over the last decade, but the challenge of how to prove the safety of these systems has not yet been solved. Since a market launch without proof of safety would ne...

The head-up-display (HUD), which reflects driving information into the windshield has the goal to lower driving effort from the information uptake and thereby, increase our safety by reducing risks associated to e.g., fatigue and stress. However, the user acceptance of the Advanced Driving Assistance Systems is remarkably low. This motivated us to...

Deep Learning based behavior reflex methods found their way into modern vehicles. To model the human driving behavior it is not sufficient to rely solely on individual, noncontiguous camera frames without taking vehicle signals or road specific features into account. In this work four temporal fusion methods are evaluated based on three different D...

Im System Fahrzeug – Straße nimmt der Reifen eine hervorgehobene Rolle ein. Als Bindeglied zwischen Fahrbahn und Fahrzeug überträgt er alle Kräfte und Momente, sein Übertragungsverhalten geht deutlich in Sicherheit, Fahrverhalten und Komfort des Gesamtfahrzeugs ein.

The focus of this publication is on the development of lane-precise “Ground Truth” (GT) maps for the objective Quality Assessment of automated driving functions. Therefore, attention is paid to the proper measurement of road geometry. The road geometry forms the basic layer of the HD maps. A new map format Cruved Regular Objects (CRO) is developed,...

Deep Learning based behavior reflex methods found their way into modern vehicles. To model the human driving behavior it is not sufficient to rely solely on individual, non contiguous camera frames without taking vehicle signals or road specific features into account. In this work four temporal fusion methods are evaluated based on three differen...

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) support the driver in certain traffic situations and can increase road safety. For this appropriate interaction, concepts between the driver and the assistance systems are required, which focuses on driver’s needs. In a user-centered study with N = 48 subjects, interviews and questionnaires were conducted d...

The variety of products on the market that are offered with advanced driver assistance systems is huge. Besides systems like the lane keeping assistant also camera based systems are more and more in the foreground. The Full Display Mirror (FDM), a camera-based hybrid mirror, is also being installed in vehicles. User experience in the sense of accep...

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) of longitudinal control are widely used. In contrast to longitudinal controls, lateral controls are a growing market since this technique plays a major role in a successful introduction of automated driving. Customer and benchmark studies conducted by the University of Applied Sciences Kempten and Consline...

In a recent study with N = 50 subjects, the lane keeping assistant was tested on more than 3,500 km on public roads in the Allgäu. To test the various settings of the lane keeping assistant, different conditions were testet: 120km/h versus 160km/h as well as with versus without lane keeping assistant. The evaluation of the criteria for lane keeping...

Securing and homologating automated driving functions presents a huge challenge for their market introduction due to an enormous number of scenarios and environment parameter combinations. Confronting conventional real world tests with the new challenges of automated driving is not feasible anymore and yields to a virtualization of the testing meth...

Vorwort Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren, Fahrerassistenzsysteme und insbesondere automatisches Fahren definieren die Mobilität der Zukunft in erheblichem Maße. Zahlreiche Systeme sind heute fest im Markt etabliert. Studien belegen, dass durch deren Einführung nicht nur der Fahrkomfort, sondern vor allem die Sicherheit des Fahrers und seiner Umgebung...

Vorwort Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren, Fahrerassistenzsysteme und insbesondere automatisches Fahren definieren die Mobilität der Zukunft in erheblichem Maße. Zahlreiche Systeme sind heute fest im Markt etabliert. Studien belegen, dass durch deren Einführung nicht nur der Fahrkomfort, sondern vor allem die Sicherheit des Fahrers und seiner Umgebung...

Die Entwicklung eines Fahrwerks ist gekennzeichnet durch sehr große Fertigungsstückzahlen, anspruchsvolle Technologien, strenge Sicherheitsanforderungen, hohe Umweltauflagen sowie Termin- und Kostendruck. Da die Autos weltweit verkauft werden, müssen sie in den polarnahen wie auch in heißen und feuchten tropischen Gegenden einsetzbar sein, nicht nu...

In der System Fahrzeug-Straße nimmt der Reifen eine hervorgehobene Rolle ein. Als Bindeglied zwischen Fahrbahn und Fahrzeug überträgt er alle Kräfte und Momente, sein Übertragungsverhalten geht deutlich in Sicherheit, Fahrverhalten und Komfort des Gesamtfahrzeugs ein. Die dynamischen Fahrzeugeigenschaften werden damit maßgeblich durch das Reifenver...

Vehicle simulation has a long tradition in the automotive industry as a powerful supplement to physical vehicle testing. In the field of Electronic Stability Control (ESC) system, the simulation process has been well established to support the ESC development and application by suppliers and Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). The latest regul...

Seamless Electronics for Automotive Services. Going forward from the last ELIV „Electronics in Vehicles“ in 2015 – the most significant Congress in Automotive Electronics has now seen a substantial upgrade. In line with the feedback given by participants, speakers and journalists we have added new elements and contents to the event, which is benefi...

The biggest challenge for today’s vehicle development is the increasing number of vehicle variants for different markets, which have to be developed in ever shorter cycles. In addition, customers and governments have high demands when it comes to comfort, driving pleasure, consumption, security and CO2 emissions. The powertrain and the chassis doma...

Modern electric power steering (EPS) systems allow a flexible adaptation of the same steering hardware to different vehicle types by calibration of the corresponding control unit (ECU). As the steering behavior is one of the major factors influencing the end customers` buying decision and driving experience, the steering ECU calibration has to fit...

Research and/or Engineering Questions/Objective The vehicle of the future will support its driver by advising him regarding potential hazards. Essential prerequisite therefore is the sensor based perception of the traffic situation. For the recognition of traffic related objects, camera based sensors, deepness cameras, vehicle sensors as well as ra...

Research and/or Engineering Questions/Objective The evaluation of vehicle characteristics at an early phase of functional development is a key task in the definition of a viable system and function architecture. Today this is complicated by the fact that full vehicle characteristics, in particular those of modern hybrid and electric vehicles, are d...

Standarization in the functional domain.

Von besonderem Interesse fuer die Simulation sind vorausschauende Reglerfunktionen im Fahrzeug, bei denen die Streckeneigenschaften vor dem Fahrzeug eine wichtige Grundlage fuer Entscheidungen des Energiemanagements bilden. Der klassische Ansatz, jeweils nur eine Fragestellung zu betrachten (Single Domain), das Nutzen von Nachfahrsignalen sowie der...

IPG Automotive and AVL are jointly using a new CarMaker simulation method to evaluate networked controller functions in a simulated complete vehicle, achieving a higher level of certainty earlier during system development. The simulation makes it possible to manage and organize many different models in parallel. The models can be changed over with...

Die hier vorgestellte Methode bietet wesentliche Unterstützung bei der Entwicklung und Bewertung von Energiemanagementsystemen in der Gesamtfahrzeugumgebung mit entsprechend auftretenden Systemwechselwirkungen: die Bewertung von Energiezuständen, Verlusten und Verbräuchen in realistischen Nutzungsprofilen wie Strecken-, Fahrer- und Umgebungseigensc...

In the early phase of new vehicle system developments, it is crucial to fully define and optimize working system and functional architectures. Architecture definition and validation in turn requires a quick and accurate evaluation of a system‟s overall performance. Modeling and simulating a complete vehicle system, however, is complex and in many c...

Ab 2011 müssen elektronische Fahrdynamikregelungen (ESP) innerhalb der EU in schwere Nutzfahrzeuge integriert werden. Angesichts der damit steigenden Zertifizierungsanforderungen ist nun der Einsatz von Simulationsmethoden erlaubt. Haldex Brake Products und IPG Automotive realisierten die erste simulationsbasierte Homologation. Geprüft wurden elekt...

From 2011 onwards, electronic stability controls (ESC) have to be integrated into heavy commercial vehicles. Thus, it is now permitted to use simulation systems to cope with the increasing certification requirements. Haldex Brake Products and IPG Automotive realized the first simulation-based homologation according to the requirements of the ECE 13...

Das von Michelin entwickelte thermomechanische Reifenmodell TameTire stammt aus der Formel 1 und stellt einen Fortschritt in der Fahrdynamiksimulation dar. Das Modell hat IPG in seine Simulationsplattform CarMaker integriert und um neue Funktionen erweitert. Bereits in der frühen Entwicklungsphase kann der Reifen in den Parameterraum der Fahrzeug-R...

The TameTire model developed by Michelin represents a breakthrough in vehicle dynamics simulation. The module by IPG has been integrated into its CarMaker simulation platform and extended by new functions. Even at a very early development stage, the tire can be incorporated into the parameter space of the vehicle-tire interaction, both for achievin...

The vehicle of the future will support drivers in critical situations and alert them to potential hazards by means of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). Sensor-based perception of the relevant traffic conditions and situation is essential in this context. The current evaluation approach of real-world road tests will no longer be sufficient...

The present paper will show simulation methods and tools to analyze the security and energy efficiency of control strategies of driver assistance systems in realistic test scenarios. These scenarios are reconstructed reproducibly with the vehicle dynamics simulation environment CarMaker from IPG. The additional integration of a detailed powertrain...

In a fast and reliable powertrain development process manifold optimization and validation tasks are required at early development stages, where prototype vehicles are not available. Especially for hybrid powertrain concepts the development targets for fuel consumption and vehicle performance have to be validated before vehicle integration and test...

The multi-dimensional field of driving dynamics offers a multitude of interpretations of the type of vehicle the customer would wish for. Between the two poles customer’s emotions and facts and figures required by engineers, the application of the method “Quality Function Deployment” (QFD) is intended as an effective tool for translation. TÜV Süd A...

For development and validation of driver assistance systems, appropriate test, measurement and evaluation methods are necessary to evaluate and optimize the system functions under realistic scenarios. However, currently, no appropriate test standards exist. TÜV Süd Automotive, an innovative development partner for the automotive industry, has devel...

Driver assistant systems offer a tremendous potential for an advancement of active safety. However the complexity and the requirement for the system development are likewise high. For the functional development and the protection are adequate test- and measurement procedures necessary, to be able to assess and optimize the function of the system in...

This recitation explains new possibilities of realizing an intelligent tire sensor. A temperature measuring system embedded into the vehicle tires transmits the measured data from inside the tire structure directly to the vehicle via a wireless transfer mode system without active power supply. The report deals with the operating modes and advanced...

To evaluate vehicle handling and response while braking in corners a standard testing procedure is used. Real-world conditions that affect handling, though, usually involve higher speeds and larger radii than those occurring in the standard test. TÜV Automotive GmbH (a division of TÜV SÜD Group) has developed an expanded test and evaluation methodo...

This recitation deals with the presentation of physical and empirical correlations of tire shoulder temperatures as the integral indicator for stresses, damage and reliability on vehicle tires. Especially the development of methods and proceedings of assessing and predicting these tire temperatures, the interactions of vehicle and tires as well as...