Bernhard Preim

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Verified

Bernhard verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• Phd, Computer Science
• Professor (Full) at Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg

This survey provides an overview of perceptually motivated techniques for the visualization of medical image data, including physics-based lighting techniques as well as illustrative rendering that incorporate spatial depth and shape cues. Additionally, we discuss evaluations that were conducted in order to study the perceptual effects of these vis...

This survey provides an overview of visualization and interaction techniques developed for anatomy education. Besides individual techniques, the integration into virtual anatomy systems is considered. Web-based systems play a crucial role to enable learning independently at any time and space. We consider the educational background, the underlying...

We describe visual analytics solutions aiming to support public health professionals, and thus, preventive measures. Prevention aims at advocating behaviour and policy changes likely to improve human health. Public health strives to limit the outbreak of acute diseases as well as the reduction of chronic diseases and injuries. For this purpose, dat...

We provide an overview of metaphors that were used in medical visualization and related user interfaces. Metaphors are employed to translate concepts from a source domain to a target domain. The survey is grounded in a discussion of metaphor-based design involving the identification and reflection of candidate metaphors. We consider metaphors that...

Animation is a potentially powerful instrument to convey complex information with movements, smooth transitions between different states that employ the strong human capabilities to perceive and interpret motion. Animation is a natural choice to display time-dependent medical image data or unsteady biomedical simulation data where the dynamic natur...

Data-driven storytelling has grown significantly, becoming prevalent in various fields, including healthcare. In medical narratives, characters are crucial for engaging audiences, making complex medical information accessible, and potentially influencing positive behavioral and lifestyle changes. However, designing characters that are both educatio...

In an era where black-box AI models are integral to decision-making across industries, robust methods for explaining these models are more critical than ever. While these models leverage complex feature interplay for accurate predictions, most explanation methods only assign relevance to individual features. There is a research gap in methods that...

Purpose Computer-based medical training scenarios, derived from patient’s records, often lack variability, modifiability, and availability. Furthermore, generating image datasets and creating scenarios is resource-intensive. Therefore, patient authoring tools for rapid dataset-independent creation of virtual patients (VPs) is a pressing need. Meth...

Anatomical structures of the liver could be reconstructed three dimensionally from preoperative cross-sectional imaging for over 20 years. This three-dimensional (3D) representation not only optimizes the preoperative planning options but also the communication of specific operation-relevant structures can be improved using 3D models. In addition t...

A large corpus of the literature related to BioMedical Visualization involves purely technical contributions without a specific application field in mind. This chapter focuses on an overview of the most commonly used techniques in BioMedVis and their evolution. We also include references to important surveys that cover each of the discussed topics...

In this chapter we discuss the research trends within individual application fields according to our taxonomy. Including all papers identified within our literature survey would not be feasible, and we, therefore, focus on the most influential works. The entire literature corpus and its categorization can be accessed and explored at the searchable...

In this book, we provided an overview of trends in biological and medical visualization from the early beginnings until now. To trace the evolution of the trends over the years

For a broader perspective on the evolution of the BioMedVis field, we contacted more than 50 researchers of mixed seniority and expertise, both from industry and academia and from all around the world. The intention was to have an overview of the status of the domain—not only from the point of published literature but also from the people forming t...

In various fields, including medicine, age distributions are crucial. Despite widespread media coverage of health topics, there remains a need to enhance health communication. Narrative medical visualization is promising for improving information comprehension and retention. This study explores the most effective ways to present age distributions o...

Intracranial mirror aneurysms are pathologic dilatations of cerebral arteries that occur at identical locations in both hemispheres. They do not always have identical sizes, shapes, or rupture states, despite identical patient-specific risk factors. As a subgroup of multiple aneurysms and thus small amounts of data, clinical research about their ca...

During neuroradiological interventions such as treating intracranial aneurysms, neuroradiologists have to navigate a catheter in the 3D anatomy while watching a 2D projection of the vessels. To train this visuospatial ability, we present a virtual reality application where the user has to identify anatomically relevant positions on the Circle of Wi...

We present a framework with two options for selecting a subgroup of training cases for intracranial aneurysm (IA) treatment. Option one, general training, describes training cases that represent a variety of different IAs that represent the diversity of real world cases. This can be achieved via instance selection (IS), which reduces size of a data...

As the world increasingly relies on mathematical models for forecasts in different areas, effective communication of uncertainty in time series predictions is important for informed decision making. This study explores how users estimate probabilistic uncertainty in time series predictions under different variants of line charts depicting uncertain...

Aortic dissection is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease constituted by the delamination of the aortic wall. Due to the weakened structure of the false lumen, the aorta often dilates over time, which can – after certain diameter thresholds are reached – increase the risk of fatal aortic rupture. The identification of patients with a high risk...

Purpose The contour neurovascular system (CNS) is a novel device to treat intracranial wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms, with few studies assessing its long-term effects. Particularly its impact on aneurysm morphology has not been explored yet. We present a preliminary study to explore this impact for the first time, focusing on the neck curve and...

Science communication aims at making key research insights accessible to the broad public. If explanatory and exploratory visualization techniques are combined to do so, the approach is also referred to as exploranation. In this context, the audience is usually not required to have domain expertise. However, we show that exploranation can not only...

Background: Neglect can be a long-term consequence of chronic stroke that can impede an individual's ability to perform daily activities, but chronic and discrete forms can be difficult to detect. We developed and evaluated the "immersive virtual road-crossing task" (iVRoad) to identify and quantify discrete neglect symptoms in chronic stroke patie...

In dermatology, the histological examination of skin cross-sections is essential for skin cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. However, the complete coverage of tissue abnormalities is not possible due to time constraints as well as the sheer number of cell groups. We present an automatic segmentation approach of seven tissue classes: vessels,...

Virtual surgical training systems are crucial for enabling mental preparation, supporting decision-making, and improving surgical skills. Many virtual surgical training environments focus only on training for a specific medical skill and take place in a single virtual room. However, surgical education and training include the planning of procedures...

Purpose Machine learning approaches can only be reliably evaluated if training, validation, and test data splits are representative and not affected by the absence of classes. Surgical workflow and instrument recognition are two tasks that are complicated in this manner, because of heavy data imbalances resulting from different length of phases and...

Background The rotational direction (RD) of helical blood flow can be classified as either a clockwise (RD⁺) or counter-clockwise (RD⁻) flow. We hypothesized that this simple classification might not be sufficient for analysis in vivo and a simultaneous existence of RD+/− may occur. We utilized volumetric velocity-sensitive cardiovascular magnetic...

In a world increasingly driven by data and technology, it is imperative to empower stakeholders across diverse backgrounds (scientists, policymakers, patients, the general public) to make informed decisions about their health with the information available. However, simply providing the information is often not enough. The key to sharing and commun...

Purpose To utilize 4 D flow MRI to acquire normal values of “conventional 2 D flow MRI parameters” in healthy volunteers in order to replace multiple single 2 D flow measurements with a single 4 D flow acquisition. Materials and Methods A kt-GRAPPA accelerated 4 D flow sequence was used. Flow volumes were assessed by forward (FFV), backward (BFV),...

Zusammenfassung. Dieses Buchkapitel stellt eine Einführung in die narrative (computergenerierte) Visualisierung dar. Da diese Visualisierungen auf Daten basieren, wird alternativ der Begriff data-based storytelling verwendet. Dieses relativ neue und dynamische Gebiet ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Strategien aus dem Film, dem Theater und der Lite...

We present a visual analytics system to support treatment decisions in late-stage Melanoma patients. With the aim of improving patient outcomes, personalized treatment decisions based on individual characteristics and medical histories are crucial. The research focuses on the design and development of a visual analytics system tailored specifically...

Data-driven storytelling has experienced significant growth in recent years to become a common practice in various application areas, including healthcare. Within the realm of medical narratives, characters play a pivotal role in connecting audiences with data and conveying complex medical information in an engaging manner that may influence positi...

In this paper, we investigate the suitability of different visual representations of pathological growth using surface models of intracranial aneurysms and liver tumors. By presenting complex medical information in a visually accessible manner, audiences can better understand and comprehend the progression of pathological structures. Previous work...

Background: Parameters of body composition have prognostic potential in patients with oncologic diseases. The aim of the present study was to analyse the prognostic potential of radiomics-based parameters of the skeletal musculature and adipose tissues in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Radiomics features were ext...

Large‐scale issues with a spatial and temporal context such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, the war against Ukraine, and climate change have given visual storytelling with data a lot of attention in online journalism, confirming its high effectiveness and relevance for conveying stories. Thus, new ways have emerged that expand the space of visual storyte...

Purpose: The development of machine learning models for surgical workflow and instrument recognition from temporal data represents a challenging task due to the complex nature of surgical workflows. In particular, the imbalanced distribution of data is one of the major challenges in the domain of surgical workflow recognition. In order to obtain me...

Authors use various media formats to convey disease information to a broad audience, from articles and videos to interviews or documentaries. These media often include human characters, such as patients or treating physicians, who are involved with the disease. While artistic media, such as hand‐crafted illustrations and animations are used for hea...

For rupture risk assessment of intracranial aneurysms, 3D surface model extraction might be time-consuming but supports calculation of morphological and hemodynamical parameters. We present a geometric deep learning approach to segment the intracranial vascular domain of interest in 3D surface meshes comprising only the aneurysm and surrounding ves...

Digital media are becoming increasingly influential in society, especially among the younger generation. Therefore, an augmented reality (AR) app was developed that simulates experiments with radioactive sources. The app runs experiments on the range and penetration power of alpha, beta and gamma radiation. It assigns virtual radiation sources, shi...

Visualization, Visual Analytics and Virtual Reality in Medicine: State-of-the-art Techniques and Applications describes important techniques and applications that show an understanding of actual user needs as well as technological possibilities. The book includes user research, for example, task and requirement analysis, visualization design and al...

In recent years, the use of expressive surface visualizations in the representation of vascular structures has gained significant attention. These visualizations provide a comprehensive understanding of complex anatomical structures and are crucial for treatment planning and medical education. However, to aid decision-making, physicians require vis...

Purpose: Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are pathological changes of the intracranial vessel wall, although clinical image data can only show the vessel lumen. Histology can provide wall information but is typically restricted to ex vivo 2D slices where the shape of the tissue is altered. Methods: We developed a visual exploration pipeline for a co...

Purpose: Medical researchers deal with a large amount of patient data to improve future treatment decisions and come up with new hypotheses. To facilitate working with a large database containing many patients and parameters, we propose a virtual data shelf, displaying the 3D anatomical surface models in an immersive VR environment. Methods: The...

The use of virtual reality (VR) has been proposed for collaborative planning or training scenarios to aid surgeons in preparing surgical interventions. In this paper, we explore the usage of cubic Bezier surfaces and their respective interactions in collaborative VR environments to define atypical resection surfaces for planning abdominal organ tum...

Purpose: 7T time-of-flight (TOF) MRI provides high resolution for the evaluation of cerebrovascular vessels and pathologies. In combination with 4D flow fields acquired with phase-contrast (PC) MRI, hemodynamic information can be extracted to enhance the analysis by providing direct measurements in the larger arteries or patient-specific boundary...

Purpose Intracranial aneurysms are vascular deformations in the brain which are complicated to treat. In clinical routines, the risk assessment of intracranial aneurysm rupture is simplified and might be unreliable, especially for patients with multiple aneurysms. Clinical research proposed more advanced analysis of intracranial aneurysm, but requi...

While narrative visualization has been used successfully in various applications to communicate scientific data in the format of a story to a general audience, the same has not been true for medical data. There are only a few exceptions that present tabular medical data to non-experts. However, a key component of medical visualization is the intera...

Group navigation is essential for arranging group members in a certain configuration, as it supports team communication and interaction in collaborative virtual reality (VR). We propose a group World-in-Miniature (group WiM) navigation technique that allows a guide to control and navigate a team within a miniature replica of the entire virtual envi...

Simulations of human blood and airflow are playing an increasing role in personalized medicine. Comparing flow data of different treatment scenarios or before and after an intervention is important to assess treatment options and success. However, existing visualization tools are either designed for the evaluation of a single data set or limit the...

Narrative visualization advantageously combines storytelling with new media formats and techniques, like interactivity, to create improved learning experiences. In medicine, it has the potential to improve patient understanding of diagnostic procedures and treatment options, promote confidence, reduce anxiety, and support informed decision-making....

Purpose Integrated operating rooms provide rich sources of temporal information about surgical procedures, which has led to the emergence of surgical data science . However, little emphasis has been put on interactive visualization of such temporal datasets to gain further insights. Our goal is to put heterogeneous data sequences in relation to bet...

Group navigation is essential for arranging group members in a certain configuration, as it supports team communication and interaction in collaborative virtual reality (VR). We propose a group World-in-Miniature (group WiM) navigation technique that allows a guide to control and navigate a team within a miniature replica of the entire virtual envi...

Animation is a potentially powerful instrument to convey complex information with movements, smooth transitions between different states that employ the strong human capabilities to perceive and interpret motion. Animation is a natural choice to display time-dependent medical image data or unsteady biomedical simulation data where the dynamic natur...

7T TOF MRI scans provide high resolution images of intracranial vasculature. When segmented, the Circle of Willis is detailed and thus opens up new possibilities, in research but also in education. We propose a segmentation pipeline for the Circle ofWillis, and introduce a prototype that enables exploration of not just the entire Circle of Willis,...

Training clipping of intracranial aneurysms is challenging due to less frequent interventions because of minimalinvasive methods, ethical aspects regarding cadaver training and consumption of resources when using 3D printed models. By proposing an immersive virtual reality training system, we make use of increased motivation, engagement and realism...

In contrast to unstructured meshes, structured meshes yield faster simulation results for bio-medical simulations, but are very time-consuming to create. A preprocessing step in the generation of structured meshes is the manual construction of a blockstructure approximating the vessel. Here, we present an automatic centerline calculation and blocks...

Background: For prediction of many types of clinical outcome, the skeletal muscle mass can be used as an independent biomarker. Manual segmentation of the skeletal muscles is time-consuming, therefore we present a deeplearning-based approach for the identification of muscle mass at the L3 level in clinical routine computed tomographic (CT) data....

This paper explores narrative techniques combined with medical visualizations to tell data-driven stories about diseases for a general audience. The field of medical illustration uses narrative visualization through hand-crafted techniques to promote health literacy. However, data-driven narrative visualization has rarely been applied to medical da...

To exploit the potential of virtual reality (VR) in medicine, the input devices must be selected carefully due to their different benefits. In this work, input devices for common interaction tasks in medical VR planning and training are compared. Depending on the specific purpose, different requirements exist. Therefore, an appropriate trade-off be...

Objectives 4D flow MRI enables quantitative assessment of helical flow. We sought to generate normal values and elucidate changes of helical flow (duration, volume, length, velocities and rotational direction) and flow jet (displacement, flow angle) as well as wall shear stress (WSS). Methods We assessed the temporal helical existence ( TH EX ), m...

Rupture risk analysis of intracranial aneurysms is important for treatment decisions. Morphological parameters like size, diameter or aspect ratio are used to capture the relevant aspects of the aneurysm shape and predict the rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Automatic calculation of these parameters is cumbersome, whereas manual measurements are...

Cerebral aneurysms represent an essential problem in neuroradiology. In clinical practice, they are frequently diagnosed and treated based on digital subtraction angiography (DSA) which provides an impression of the blood flow dynamics. In contrast, computational hemodynamics enables precise quantification of flow-related properties based on a pati...

Purpose To create an accurate 3D reconstruction of the vascular trees, it is necessary to know the exact geometrical parameters of the angiographic imaging system. Many previous studies used vascular structures to estimate the system’s exact geometry. However, utilizing interventional devices and their relative features may be less challenging, as...

Existing virtual training environments in medicine usually focus only on the training of a specific medical skill and are conducted in a single virtual room. However, medical challenges are often in the context of the planning procedure and operating room intervention. Therefore, it is crucial to provide a training environment that tackles these is...