Bernhard G. Humm

Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences · Department of Computer Sciences

Dieses Buch beschreibt Methoden zur Entwicklung semantischer Anwendungen. Semantische Anwendungen sind Softwareanwendungen, die explizit oder implizit die Semantik, d.h. die Bedeutung einer Domänen-Terminologie, nutzen, um die Benutzerfreundlichkeit, Korrektheit und Vollständigkeit zu verbessern. Ein Beispiel ist die semantische Suche, bei der Syno...

In this article, selected new directions in knowledge-based artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are presented: ontology development methodologies and tools, automated engineering of WordNets, innovations in semantic search, and automated machine learning (AutoML). Knowledge-based AI and ML complement each other ideally, as their...

Cyber-physical systems become more complex, therewith production lines become more complex in the smart factory. Every employed system produces high amounts of data with unknown dependencies and relationships, making incident reasoning difficult. Context-aware fault diagnosis can unveil such relationships on different levels. A fault diagnosis appl...

Smart factories are complex; with the increased complexity of employed cyber-physical systems, the complexity evolves further. Cyber-physical systems produce high amounts of data that are hard to capture and challenging to analyze. Real-time recording of all data is not possible due to limited network capabilities. Limited network capabilities are...

Automated machine learning (AutoML) supports ML engineers and data scientist by automating single tasks like model selection and hyperparameter optimization, automatically generating entire ML pipelines. This article presents a survey of 20 state-of-the-art AutoML solutions, open source and commercial. There is a wide range of functionalities, targ...

The integration of cyber-physical systems accelerates Industry 4.0. Smart factories become more and more complex, with novel connections, relationships, and dependencies. Consequently, complexity also rises with the vast amount of data. While acquiring data from all the involved systems and protocols remains challenging, the assessment and reasonin...

Zusammenfassung Die Digitalisierung von Arbeitswelten erreicht alle Bereiche öffentlich oder privat finanzierter Forschung und Entwicklung. Insbesondere lassen neuartige Entwicklungen der künstlichen Intelligenz große Veränderungen im Alltag grundlagen- und anwendungsorientierter Forschung erwarten. Dennoch ist wissenschaftliche Forschung auch im Z...

Zusammenfassung Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) ist die Fähigkeit von Computersystemen, Aufgaben auszuführen, die normalerweise menschliche Intelligenz erfordern. Im Laufe der KI-Geschichte haben sich zwei Hauptströmungen von KI-Verfahren herausgebildet: Wissensbasierte KI und Machine Learning. Beide Strömungen haben Vor- und Nachteile. Hybride Verfahr...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is on everyone’s lips – as well as the associated technologies of machine learning and big data. The enormous dynamics and consequences of these developments become already evident in numerous areas of application in business, society and science. In this context, technology assessment (TA) of AI initially has the task...

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) ist derzeit in Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft und Wissenschaft präsent. Aufgabe der Technikfolgenabschätzung ist es, öffentliche Erwartungen und Befürchtungen in sachliche, realistische Perspektiven zu transformieren sowie Impulse für eine wünschenswerte Gestaltung von KI zu geben.

Das ProDok-4.0-System ist eine digitale Lösung zur Bereitstellung Technischer Dokumentation für Maschinen in komplexen Industrieprozessen im Umfeld von Industrie 4.0. Maschinen sind miteinander vernetzt und kommunizieren nahtlos über Datenverbindungen miteinander. Die generierten Prozessdaten werden analysiert, um den Zustand des Prozesses und der...

Automated machine learning (AutoML) supports ML engineers and data scientists by automating tasks like model selection and hyperparameter optimization. A number of AutoML solutions have been developed, open-source and commercial. We propose a concept called OMA-ML (Ontology-based Meta AutoML) that combines the strengths of existing AutoML solutions...

Machine intelligence, a.k.a. artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most prominent and relevant technologies today. It is in everyday use in the form of AI applications and has a strong impact on society. This article presents selected results of the 2020 Dagstuhl workshop on applied machine intelligence. Selected AI applications in various dom...

Cyber-physical systems in smart factories get more and more integrated and interconnected. Industry 4.0 accelerates this trend even further. Through the broad interconnectivity a new class of faults arise, the contextual faults, where contextual knowledge is needed to find the underlying reason. Fully-automated systems and the production line in a...

The relevance of Machine Intelligence, a.k.a. Artificial Intelligence (AI), is undisputed at the present time. This is not only due to AI successes in research but, more prominently, its use in day-to-day practice. In 2014, we started a series of annual workshops at the Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik, Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany, initially focussing...

We present an approach for learning patterns for Complex Event Processing (CEP) in robot sensor data. While the robot executes a certain task, sensor data is recorded. The sensor data recordings are classified in terms of events or outcomes that characterize the task. These classified recordings are then used to learn simple rules that describe the...

Chaque année depuis 2014, en juin, le Centre Leibniz d'informatique situé dans le château de Dagstuhl accueille un atelier de trois à quatre jours plutôt inhabituel ; les développements actuels dans le domaine de la sémantique y sont discutés. Ces ateliers sont organisés par le Dr. Thomas Hoppe (Fraunhofer Focus), le Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm (Univer...

Every June, since 2014, a thematically unusual workshop takes places at the Leibniz-Center for Informatics Schloss Dagstuhl, where applications of semantic technologies are presented and discussed. The workshops are organized by Dr. Thomas Hoppe (Fraunhofer FOKUS), Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm (Hochschule Darmstadt, Department of Informatics) und Anatol...

Seit 2014 findet im Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik Schloss Dagstuhl, jeweils im Juni, eine thematisch vergleichsweise ungewöhnliche Workshop-Reihe statt, in der Anwendungen semantischer Technologien diskutiert und vorgestellt werden. Die Workshops werden organisiert durch Dr. Thomas Hoppe (Fraunhofer Fokus), Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm (Hochschule Darm...

Industry is changing rapidly under industry 4.0. The manufacturing process and its cyber-physical systems (CPSs) produce large amounts of data with many relationships and dependencies in the data. Outlier detection and problem solving is difficult in such an environment. We present an unsupervised outlier detection method to find outliers in tempor...

26 selected full papers and 13 short papers (extended abstracts) of the Collaborative European Research Conference (CERC 2019) at Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences – Darmstadt, Germany, March 29-30 2019, https://www.cerc-conf.eu. Proceedings are online under: http://CEUR-WS.org/Vol-2348/

The field of medical information technology is advancing, standards are maturing, and systems such as electronic health records (EHRs) are increasingly being adopted (Yamamoto et al., 2012). However, clinical IT requirements are also continually evolving and expanding rapidly (Anhøj, 2003; Bates et al., 2014). Therefore, more efficient approaches a...

This article summarizes the main results of our 2018 workshop. It starts with intelligence applications in practice, followed by current trends in machine intelligence: natural language processing, combining symbolic and non-symbolic approaches, data quality, and processes and ontologies.

Premature termination of psychosocial treatments is one of the major challenges in psychotherapy, with negative consequences for the patient, the therapist and the healthcare system as a whole. The aim of this pilot study is to use machine learning approaches to identify such parameters of dropout prediction based on either symptom questionnaires o...

Semantic applications today provide benefits to numerous organisations in business sectors such as health care, finance, industry, and the public sector. These applications use the semantics of a domain in order to improve usability, correctness, and completeness. Developing semantic applications requires methodological skills, e.g., ontology engin...

This book describes methodologies for developing semantic applications. Semantic applications are software applications which explicitly or implicitly use the semantics, i.e. the meaning of a domain terminology, in order to improve usability, correctness, and completeness. An example is semantic search, where synonyms and related terms are used for...

When machine errors occur in factories, it is important to act quickly in an appropriate way. Depending on the complexity of the error situation and the skill level of the personnel, it is important to identify the appropriate technical documentation quickly. This paper presents a methodology for semantically matching symptoms and causes in error s...

Medical consultants face increasing challenges in keeping up-to-date with the rapid development of new treatments and medications. Information providers offer evidence-based medical information services, continuously taking into account new publications and medical developments. This article describes a personalised clinical decision support system...

45 Extended abstracts and 19 selected full papers of the Collaborative European Research Conference CERC 2017 Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences – Karlsruhe, Germany 22 - 23 September 2017 www.cerc–conference.eu

Domain-specific semantic search applications extend traditional full-text search by semantic application logic, supporting a specific use case. This article describes SoftwareFinder, a semantic search application for software components. Features are semantic faceted search, semantic auto-suggest, and similar product recommendations. Software archi...

Semantic applications today provide benefits to numerous organisations in business sectors such as health care, finance, industry, and the public sector. These applications use the semantics of a domain in order to improve usability, correctness, and completeness. Developing semantic applications requires methodological skills, e.g., ontology engin...

Premature termination is a central challenge in psychotherapeutic treatments. General moderators and mediators of premature termination are unclear. A mechanism that alerts therapists when a patient is likely to terminate the treatment would allow therapists to intervene and potentially ensure treatment success. The project on hand is applying a ma...

When developing a semantic application, the best-case scenario is that there is already a suitable off-the-shelf ontology available. If no suitable ontology is available, a new ontology needs to be developed, which may be costly. This paper describes a methodology for cost-effectively and semi-automatically developing an ontology, given a large dom...

This article provides a short report on a recent Dagstuhl Seminar on “Engineering Moral Agents”. Imbuing robots and autonomous systems with ethical norms and values is an increasingly urgent challenge, given rapid developments in, for example, driverless cars, unmanned air vehicles (drones), and care assistant robots. Seminar participants discussed...

Software development today means, to a large extend, integrating existing software components. An important task of the architect of a software solution is to identify suitable software components. Whereas semantic search engines have gained popularity in the last decade, semantic search engines for finding software components are not yet in widesp...

In today's world, which has recently seen fractures and isolation forming among states, internationaland interdisciplinary collaboration has become an important source of progress. Collaboration is arich source of innovation and growth and it is the goal of the Collaborative European ResearchConference (CERC 2016) to foster collaboration among frie...

Given the rapidly growing number of medical publications and resources, consultants face challenges in keeping up-to-date with current research and patient care best practices. This paper presents the concept and prototypical implementation of a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) for personalized medicine. It satisfies information needs of con...

Why yet another book on Artificial Intelligence? It is true that hundreds of publications on Artificial Intelligence (AI) have been published within the last decades - scientific papers and text books. Most of them focus on the theory behind AI solutions: logic, reasoning, statistical foundations, etc. However, little can be found on engineering...

Semantic applications today provide benefits to commercial as well as noncommercial corporations and organizations worldwide. In “Corporate Semantic Web – Wie semantische Anwendungen in Unternehmen Nutzen stiften” (in German), more than 20 existing semantic applications are described that provide value in corporations of different sectors including...

This paper presents an approach for managing electronic health record (EHR) data in a flexible yet efficient way. The data model is based on the HL7 Reference Information Model. If clinical requirements change, the data model can be extended by editing a schema spreadsheet. A code generator and the use of state-of-the-art ORM tools allow consistenc...

Die Medienplattform bietet neuartige Möglichkeiten, um Medienbestände zu entdecken. In zwei verschiedenen Anwendungsszenarien unterstützt sie unterschiedliche Suchparadigmen: Für browsingbasierte Anwendungen wird das Digitale Schlendern vorgestellt, eine Methode in der semantische Zusammenhänge von Medien als Explorationsanreiz genutzt werden. Für...

Corporate Semantic Web – hierbei geht es um semantische Anwendungen, deren Einsatz für Kunden und Mitarbeiter von Unternehmen konkret Nutzen stiftet. Die Autoren, namhafte Experten aus Industrie und Wissenschaft, berichten über ihre Erfahrungen bei der Entwicklung solcher Anwendungen. Sie gehen auf Software-Architektur, Methodik, Linked Open Data S...

Die digitalen Möglichkeiten nutzen, statt physische Museen und Bibliotheken einfach nachzubauen: Wir präsentieren Anwendungen zum Finden von Medien ohne zu Suchen. Dabei leiten und inspirieren semantische Ergänzungen Nutzer und unterstützen sie entweder beim schnellen Finden oder beim lustvollen Schlendern. Die dahinterliegende Architektur adressie...

Bei Portalen mit touristischen Angeboten stellt der Einstieg über ein Suchformular den zentralen Use Case für die Nutzer dar. In aktuellen Portalen ist meist noch die exakte Angabe von Zielort und Reisezeitraum nötig, um relevante Angebote zu selektieren und zu präsentieren. Eine Beschreibung der touristischen Produkte auf Basis einer Ontologie erm...

Semantische Anwendungen haben Business Potential und stiften bereits heute in Unternehmen Nutzen, z. B. in den Branchen Telekommunikation, Logistik, verarbeitende Industrie, Energie, Medizin, Tourismus, Bibliotheks- und Verlagswesen. Es erfordert aber besondere Fähigkeiten – technologischer und methodischer Art – erfolgreich semantische Anwendungen...

This article is a fictitious, moderated dialogue between an information scientist, a philosopher, and a psychologist. They explore the term “ontology” from the point of view of their own discipline, with the object of learning from each other. The target audience of this article are laypersons with respect to the specific disciplines – but who have...

In this paper we compare several state-of-the-art Linked Data Knowledge Extraction tools, with regard to their ability to recognise entities of a controlled, domain-specific vocabulary. This includes tools that offer APIs as a Service, locally installed platforms as well as an UIMA-based approach as reference. We evaluate under realistic conditions...

Faceted search allows navigating through large collections along different dimensions in order to find relevant objects efficiently. Traditional faceted search systems often suffer from a lack of usability; furthermore facets are often static and independent from the search result set. In this paper, we present a dynamic semantic topical faceting a...

Dieser Artikel stellt einen fiktiven, moderierten Dialog zwischen einem Informatiker, einem Philosophen und einem Psychologen dar. Diese nähern sich dem Begriff ,,Ontologie“ an, jeder aus Sicht seiner Disziplin und mit dem Ziel, voneinander zu lernen. Der Artikel richtet sich an Laien der einzelnen Disziplinen, jedoch mit wissenschaftlichem Hinterg...

This paper describes a novel approach to satisfy the needs of museum's website visitors with a unique experience that cannot be reproduced in the museum itself. We aim at providing a continuous and lasting experience, without the emphasis of a single, final result-a process we call digital strolling. The view supports this process by displaying res...

Structure editors emphasise a natural representation of the underlying tree structure of a program, often using a clearly identifiable 1-to-1 mapping between syntax tree elements and on-screen artefacts. This paper presents layout and behaviour principles for structure editors and a new structure editor for Lisp. The evaluation of the editor's usab...

Business process modeling has become an accepted means for designing and describing business operations. As a result, comparing and aligning business process models within and between organizations is increasingly important. However, due to differing use of modeling languages and domain languages for labeling models and their elements, model compar...

Business process modeling has become an accepted means for designing and describing business operations. Thereby, consistency of business process models, i.e., the absence of modeling faults, is of upmost importance to organizations. This paper presents a concept and subsequent implementation for detecting faults in business process models and for...

This paper proposes a method for architecting domain-specific information extraction (IE) applications focusing on a good cost/benefit ratio for a concrete domain. The method uses criteria to recommend the appropriate use of rule-based or machine learning based methods in the IE application architecture. By using an example from the tourism domain,...

Developers of ontologies and Semantic Web applications have to decide on languages and environments for developing the ontology schema, asserting statements, specifying and executing queries, specifying rules, and inferencing. Such languages and environments are not well-integrated and lack common abstraction mechanisms. This paper presents a conce...

Collaboration has long been the well spring of innovation and progress. Indeed some argue that what makes human kind so successful in the face of many challenges, including those of its own making, is its ability to share knowledge and ideas. CERC is a unique conference that celebrates and encourages the spirit collaboration among friends and colle...

Structure editors emphasise a high-fidelity representation of the underlying tree structure of a program, often using a clearly identifiable 1-to-1 mapping between syntax tree elements and on-screen artefacts. This paper presents layout and behaviour principles for structure editors and a new structure editor for Lisp. The evaluation of the editor'...

Evolutionary prototyping is an incremental software development method in which a proof of concept is, step by step, extended towards the final product. This article pleads for a programming approach termed “incremental code quality enhancement” when developing software incrementally. However, current programming languages are not well suited for i...

According to the paradigm of Language-Oriented Programming, an application for a problem should be implemented in the most appropriate domain-specific language (DSL). This paper introduces DSL stacking, an efficient method for implementing Language-Oriented Programming where DSLs and general-purpose languages are incrementally developed on top of a...

This research proposal introduces an approach for Semantic Web Services that includes context information when querying a service. Thereby, a mapping between context information and domain knowledge helps to reduce the service candidates and ideally enables to compute a subset of formerly undecidable queries without any user intervention.

Service provisioning by means of ontologies-based business integration and semantic technology is an important issue in business informatics today. This paper transfers the concept of commodity services from economics to application services in IT. Furthermore, the ongoing commoditisation trend will be stated as a top-level criterion towards the de...

Software cities alias application landscapes of large enterprises comprise tens or even hundreds of IT applications. Structuring software cities into domains is an important task of enterprise architects. The quality of the resulting domain model is crucial for the success of enterprise architecture management and an important tool for the governan...

Ohne Zusammenfassung

A major aim of transactional distributed programming environments is to facilitate the development of reliable distributed applications by shielding the developer from concerns such as failures. This paper describes the linguistic features of the Hermes/ST object-oriented distributed programming environment that further ease the development of such...