Bernhard Hausdorf

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• Prof. Dr.
• Head of Section Malacology at Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change

The operculated land snail family Pupinidae from mainland Southeast Asia has been systematically revised based on shell morphology. Despite previous morphological studies, the evolutionary relationships within this family remained unclear. This study represents the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of this snail group, utilising two mitochond...

The most effective approaches for species discovery and species validation with genomic data remain underexplored. This study evaluates the merits and limitations of phylogenetic approaches based on the multispecies coalescent model and population genetic approaches for species discovery, i.e., species delimitation in the absence of prior knowledge...

Lehmann, H., Neiber, M. T., & Hausdorf, B. (2024) Caucasian/Pontic–Mediterranean disjunction and recolonization of Europe by Pomatias ( Hyrcania ) species (Caenogastropoda, Pomatiidae)—Zoologica Scripta, 00, 000‐000. We studied the phylogeny and phylogeography of Pomatias ( Hyrcania ) species (Caenogastropoda: Pomatiidae) to investigate refugia and...

Interbreeding and introgression between recently diverged species is common. However, the processes that prevent these species from merging where they co-occur are not well understood. We studied the mechanisms that allowed an isolated group of populations of the snail Helix thessalica to persist within the range of the related Helix pomatia despit...

Valvata (Cincinna) piscinalis (Müller, 1774) is a widespread and variable Palaearctic freshwater snail species. Some authors have separated more depressed forms with a wider umbilicus as a distinct species, Valvata (Cincinna) ambigua Westerlund, 1873. The latter species was described from Scandinavia and has also been reported from Siberia and Kaza...

We studied the phylogenetic relationships and species delimitation of the Albinaria species from western Crete classified in the Albinaria candida group based on sequences of 2050 loci generated by double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing. It turned out that neither the A. candida group nor the Albinaria cretensis group is monophyle...

Hausdorf, B., Xu, J., Bamberger, S. (2024) Repeated colonization of the Northern Limestone Alps from the Southern Limestone Alps by the rock‐dwelling snail species Cochlostoma henricae — Zoologica Scripta , 00, 000–000. The evolution of biogeographic disjunctions in the Southern and Northern Limestone Alps has been studied only in a few taxa. Cochl...

Helix escherichi O. Boettger, 1898 from western Anatolia is a poorly known species that was placed in the Anatolian Helix (Helix) clade in previous phylogenetic analyses. We sequenced additional individuals, but these were found to belong to Maltzanella P. Hesse, 1917, the sister genus of Helix. Examination of the type materials and the largest set...

Suckermouth armoured catfish (Loricariidae) are a highly speciose and diverse freshwater fish family, which bear upper and lower lips forming an oral disc. Its hierarchical organisation allows the attachment to various natural surfaces. The discs can possess papillae of different shapes, which are supplemented, in many taxa, by small horny projecti...

The Caucasus and the adjacent Pontic Mountains in northeastern Anatolia are home to numerous endemic land snail genera and species. The diversity of the region is the result of both intra-regional speciation and the persistence of relict lineages. The same seemed to be true for the genus Helix, which has been present in the Greater Caucasus since t...

The systematics and distribution of the family Pupinidae (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) in Java is reviewed. The family is represented in Java by four species of the genus Pupina, P. bipalatalis, P. compacta, P. junghuhni, and P. treubi. The shells of the species are described and figured, and the distribution data of the species are summarized. We h...

Testacellidae are a group of carnivorous semislugs with a vestigial ear-shaped shell near the posterior end of their elongate bodies. The single genus Testacella is native to the western Mediterranean and western Europe, but some species have been introduced into temperate countries worldwide. The species are subterranean and feed on earthworms. Du...

Aim Were postglacial recolonizations facilitated by persistence close to the colonized areas rather than by dispersal ability allowing for colonization from distant sources? This question is particularly relevant for organisms with low active dispersal abilities and lacking specialized propagules. Here we identified glacial refugia of four Central...

To better understand the origin of the high diversity and endemism in the Southern Alps of Europe, we investigated the phylogeny and population structure of the rock-dwelling snail group Chilostoma (Cingulifera) in the Southern Alps. We generated genomic ddRAD data and mitochondrial sequences of 104 Cingulifera specimens from 28 populations and 14...

The availability of public genomic resources can greatly assist biodiversity assessment, conservation, and restoration efforts by providing evidence for scientifically informed management decisions. Here we survey the main approaches and applications in biodiversity and conservation genomics, considering practical factors, such as cost, time, prere...

Established alien land snail species that were introduced into the Western Palaearctic Region from other regions and their spread in the Western Palaearctic are reviewed. Thirteen of the 22 species came from North America, three from Sub-Saharan Africa, two from the Australian region, three probably from the Oriental Region and one from South Ameri...

Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the characters of the reduced shell of the false limpets of the genus Siphonaria Sowerby I, 1823 are highly variable and often insufficient for species delimitation. The taxonomy and distribution of Siphonaria in the Indian Ocean are poorly known. We sampled Siphonaria in the Seychelles Bank to check t...

A joint maximum parsimony analysis of extant and extinct species of the Fusulus group (Clausiliidae) based on shell characters, particularly characters of the complex closing apparatus of the aperture, is presented. It reveals that the supposedly extinct Pliocene genus Parafusulus cannot be separated from the extant genus Fusulus. The extant Fusulu...

Several taxa that are distributed in the Caucasus and/or the adjacent Pontic Mountains also have representatives in the East Mediterranean region. These disjunctions could have been caused by long‐distance dispersal or be the result of extinctions in Central Anatolia caused by the aridification of the Anatolian Plateau during the Pliocene. We studi...

The phylogenetic relationships within the land snail group Clausiliini were analysed based on an almost complete taxon sampling (28 of 29 extant species) and a set of mitochondrial and nuclear markers. The phylogenetic analyses and character state reconstructions revealed several trends in the group that resulted in repeated convergences. The N-typ...

We investigated the land snail fauna along an altitudinal transect in the Los Cedros Biological Reserve on the western slope of the Andes in Ecuador. A total of 510 individuals were collected in 40 plots between c. 1,100 and 2,000 m a.s.l. and assigned to 80 land snail species. The mean iChao1 estimate of species richness was with 109 species (with...

Progress in genome sequencing now enables the large-scale generation of reference genomes. Various international initiatives aim to generate reference genomes representing global biodiversity. These genomes provide unique insights into genomic diversity and architecture, thereby enabling comprehensive analyses of population and functional genomics,...

Populations of rock-dwelling snails are often isolated from each other due to outcrops of suitable rock forming islands separated by uninhabitable habitats. By chance, some snail taxa were able to rapidly extend their distribution ranges or colonise distant areas. The helicid Levantina from the Middle East has a very large range compared with relat...

This application has two purposes. The first, under Article 23.9.5 of the Code, is to conserve the specific name of the binomen Helix unidentata Draparnaud, 1805, a junior primary homonym of Helix unidentata Holten, 1802, by ruling that the former is not thereby invalid. These names are currently in use for two different species of stylommatophoran...

In a holistic perspective, species conservation has to optimize three objectives, the conservation of a maximum number of species and differentiated population groups within species, the fitness of these conservation units under current conditions and their evolvability that ensures their long-term survival under changing environmental conditions....

A new predatory semislug, Libania rhodia sp. nov. (Oxychilidae: Daudebardiinae), is described from Rhodes. Whereas rudimentary shells of L. rhodia were previously identified with Lotharia cretica from Crete, the investigation of the genitalia demonstrated that it is a distinct species that differs from L. cretica in the lack of an externally differ...

The North African helicid Gyrostomella has been considered closely related to Levantina, suggesting a disjunct distribution with a distribution gap of almost 2000 km in North Africa. We studied this disjunction and the systematics of Helicinae using molecular markers. Our analyses indicate an affiliation of Gyrostomella with the radiation of Helici...

We report the introduction of the central and eastern European helicid land snail Caucasotachea vindobonensis in North America. It was first recorded from Rensselaer County in the state of New York in 2015 by a community scientist. From 2016 to 2020, 14 additional occurrences in Rensselaer County, neighbouring Albany County and an imprecisely local...

Delimiting species in radiations is notoriously difficult because of the small differences between the incipient species, the star-like tree with short branches between species, incomplete lineage sorting, and the possibility of introgression between several of the incipient species. Next generation sequencing data may help to overcome some of thes...

Alpine Arianta populations from the Biellese Alps in Italy are characterized by imperforate, thin-shelled, dark brown shells without or with sparse light spots that resemble widespread phenotypes of Arianta arbustorum arbustorum found in calcium-deficient areas. Therefore, they were not considered a distinct taxon. However, molecular phylogenetic a...

The systematics and biogeographical history of the Eastern Mediterranean and Macaronesian land snail tribe Allognathini (Helicidae: Helicinae) is investigated based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that the genus-group systematics of the tribe needs to be revised. We show for the first tim...

Changing species assemblages represent major challenges to ecosystems around the world. Retracing these changes is limited by our knowledge of past biodiversity. Natural history collections represent archives of biodiversity and are therefore an unparalleled source to study biodiversity changes. In the present study, we tested the value of natural...

We report an introduction of the predatory land snail Poiretia delesserti (Bourguignat, 1852) (Spiraxidae) from Albania and Greece in Cagnes-sur-Mer in southeastern France discovered by a citizen scientist. An uncontrolled expansion of this species in this region, which is char- acterized by a high number of endemic land snail species, is likely to...

Hemicycla mascaensis and H. diegoi are short-range endemics that occur allopatrically in small areas in the Teno Mountains in the western part of Tenerife (Canary Islands). Both taxa have been recognised as distinct species based on differences in shell morphology and genital anatomy. Preliminary molecular analyses using mitochondrial markers sugge...

The door snail species complex Charpentieria itala is widely distributed in the Southern Alps and subdivided into several morphologically differentiated subspecies. Thus, it can be used as a model group for understanding migration and differentiation processes in the Southern Alps. We generated genome-wide double digest Restriction Site Associated...

We here study the steppe-inhabiting land snail genus Helicopsis (Gastropoda: Geomitridae: Helicellinae) across Eastern Europe using mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences and nuclear AFLP markers and compare the biogeographical patterns with those of other steppe-inhabiting organisms. The subdivision of Central and Eastern European Helicopsis reflects th...

During the last decades, rivers and their deposits in different regions were intensively studied to better understand the late-Quaternary landscape evolution and former human activities. One proxy for paleoecological and paleoclimatic reconstructions is the analysis of gastropods (snails) from carbonatic river sediments. In the scope of this study,...

This data contains the supplement of "Snail assemblages in Holocene floodplain research – an example from the southern Caucasus", i.e. the data table of the snail assemblages.

The Geomitrini is the most species-rich group of land snails in the Madeiran Archipelago. The phylogeny of the group is reconstructed based on mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers. The timing of diversification, the colonisation history of the islands of the Madeiran Archipelago and the evolution of characters of the dart apparatus are studied...

We report an unusual biogeographical disjunction between the western and the eastern Mediterranean region. Cornu (Gastropoda: Helicidae) is a western Mediterranean land snail genus. It includes Cornu (Cornu) aspersum, which originated in north-western Africa and was distributed by humans for food or accidentally, first throughout the Mediterranean...

We analysed the phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic ghost slug Selenochlamys with other Western Palaearctic Limacoidei based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequences. Selenochlamys is a carnivorous slug group from the Caucasus region. Until now, it has been classified in Trigonochlamydidae, which includes several carnivorous slug groups from...

Landouria intha, new species, is described from Myanmar’s Shan state. The new species possesses a relatively large, light reddish brown shell with a flat dorsal side, strongly keeled body whorl, wide umbilicus, and prominent periostracal folds (scales) on the shell surface. The reproductive anatomy is characterised by a long penis, a thin sheath ar...

Despite the importance of the geographical arrangement of populations for the inference of species boundaries, only few approaches that integrate spatial information into species delimitation have been developed so far. Persistent differentiation of sympatrical groups of individuals is the best criterion for species status. Species delimitation bec...

Mt. Ciampea is a limestone outcrop surrounded by human settlements in West Java. To update the inventory of land snail species from Mt. Ciampea and to compare it with the previous records, we sampled land snails at eight plots (10m x10m) in January 2013 and May 2014. In total, 1702 specimens belonging to 16 families and 34 species were collected. S...

A population of the Spotted Slug (Green Cellar Slug) Limacus maculatus has been found in gardens in Hamburg-Suelldorf since 2016. This is the second record of this slug, which originated from the Caucasus and Black Sea region, in Germany. Während sich die Wiederfunde und Neunachweise des Bierschnegels Limacus flavus (LINNAEUS 1758) in

Diplommatina Benson, 1849 (Caenogastropoda: Diplommatinidae) is a species-rich genus of terrestrial microsnails with a constriction near the beginning of the last whorl (Kobelt 1902). It includes several hundred species in eastern and southern continental Asia, Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia and the Philippines. Although known for more than a century fro...

We studied the door‐snail genus Alopia in the Southern Carpathians in Romania to better understand non‐adaptive radiations and the processes that determine their course. Alopia in the Bucegi Mountains offers the opportunity to study all stages of a radiation within a few kilometres. The species (as defined by the differential fitness species concep...

We tested the hypothesis that ecological specialization that affects dispersal promotes diversification by a comparison of the genetic structure of two sister species of door snails across their broadly overlapping ranges in the Crimean Mountains. The hypothesized effect of ecological specialization on diversification is supported by STRUCTURE anal...

The land snail fauna of the largest tropical montane forest in Java, the Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP), was surveyed during the dry season (June-July) in 2015, concentrating on four park's resorts, i.e. Cikaniki, Mt. Botol, Cisarua (Halimun area) and Cidahu (Salak area). In total, 399 specimens representing 43 species were collected. P...

We investigated the land snail fauna of the Panguana conservation area on the western rim of the Amazonas basin in Peru. A total of 2,322 individuals assigned to 65 land snail species were collected in 32 plots. Ten additional species were found in collections made on previous expeditions to Panguana. On the basis of available data, Panguana is the...

A revision of the land snail genus Landouria Godwin-Austin, 1918 (Camaenidae) from Java reveals that this group represents the most diverse land snail radiation on that island. Only six species of Landouria were recognized from Java in the last revision of the genus based on shell characters. Our investigation, which also considers the genitalia as...

The purpose of this application, under Articles 23.9.3, 78.1 and 80.2 of the Code, is to suppress the senior synonym Helix diodon Rossmässler, 1835, in order to protect the name Helix dibothrion Bielz, 1860 (currently Perforatella dibothrion), which has been consistently in use for more than a century and to conserve the commonly used but incorrect...

Populations of the Alpine Chilostoma cingulatum and of the originally Mediterranean Cornu asper-sum are recorded from Hamburg for the first time. A human introduced colony of Chilostoma cingulatum extends the range of the species by more than 300 km northwards.

Wallace’s line is often considered the prime example of a biogeographical barrier that abruptly separates two distinct biota. Here, I quantify the faunal changes across the Indo-Australian Archipelago using distribution data of 1863 terrestrial snail species from 28 islands and Peninsular Malaysia. It is estimated that 23% and 36%, respectively, of...

As the basis for an assessment of the impact of introduced land snail and slug species in Indonesia, we provide a list of these species and specify their distribution in Indonesia, their native range, their habitats and their earliest recorded occurrence in Indonesia. We focus in particular on Java, but also provide data for other parts of Indonesi...

The land snail genus Acrotoma (Clausiliidae) from the western Greater Caucasus is revised and a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus is presented. Shells and, as far as known, genitalia of 13 species are described and figured. Two species are described as new to science, i.e., A. vespa sp. nov. and A. enguriensis sp. nov. The diagnostic cha...

We investigated how local and landscape variables influence the structure and richness of land-snail communities in a savanna ecosystem. The land-snail species richness in the Akagera savanna in Rwanda is smaller than in nearby rainforests. Generalized linear models indicated that the diversity of land-snail communities in the savanna is most stron...

The giant African snail Lissachatina fulica is potentially useful as an index fossil for the “Anthropocene” in tropical and subtropical non-marine sediments that also indicates human-modified environments. It originated in the coastal region of East Africa and has spread across the tropics and subtropics within the past 200 years. The increasing in...

The species systematics of the tribe Caucasigenini (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae) from the Caucasus region is revised based on recently collected specimens as well as material from all major research collections. Shells and genitalia of the 14 species assigned to the genera Caucasigena, Anoplitella, Hygrohelicopsis, Diodontella, Dioscuria, Teberdinia, a...

During mating the dart apparatus of the land snail group Helicoidea transfers an allohormone that increases paternity success. Thus, this organ is under sexual selection. Despite this selective advantage, the dart sac has independently been lost in many lineages in the Helicoidea, presumably because natural selection counteracts sexual selection. H...

The Caucasigenini is an endemic radiation of hygromiid land snails from the Caucasus region. A phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters of the genitalia and the shell showed that the morphological characters are insufficient for resolving the relationships within the Caucasigenini. Convergences of the few parsimony informative characters i...

2,604 names at the rank of subtribe, tribe, subfamily, family and superfamily have been proposed for Recent and fossil gastropods, and another 35 for monoplacophorans. All names are listed in a nomenclator giving full bibliographical reference, date of publication, typification, and their nomenclatural availability and validity under the Internatio...

The Alycaeinae Blanford, 1864 (Gastropoda: Cyclophoridae) is a species-rich group of caenogastropod land snails distributed mainly in Southeast Asia (Kobelt 1902). The Madagascan endemic Boucardicus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965 has also been classified in the Alycaeinae (Emberton 2002). The Asian species of Alycaeinae are characterized by a sutu...

The Diplommatinidae (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) from Java is revised based on 507 lots, both from recently collected materials and museum’s collections. Twenty-three species belonging to four genera have been recorded. The most diverse genus is Diplommatina with 17 species, of which four, D. halimunensis n. sp., D. kakenca n. sp., D. heryantoi n....

Monacha (Metatheba) tibarenica sp. nov. from Giresun province in the Pontus Mountains in northern Turkey shares with Monacha (Metatheba?) phazimonitica Hausdorf, 2000 and Monacha (Metatheba?) gemina Hausdorf, 2000 from the Pontus Mountains a whitish shell and the lack of an appendicula and of a penis retractor muscle. Monacha tibarenica sp. nov. di...

Monacha is the most species-rich genus of the family Hygromiidae with a centre of diversity in Anatolia. On the basis of the presence or absence of accessory genital appendages, the group was subdivided into three subgenera, Monacha s. str., Paratheba and Metatheba, in the past. We used mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences of a representative sa...

We studied differentiation and gene flow patterns between enantiomorphic door-snail species in two hybrid zones in the Bucegi Mountains (Romania) to investigate the effects of intrinsic barriers (complications in copulation) and extrinsic selection by environmental factors. A mitochondrial gene tree confirmed the historical separation of the examin...

We investigate the generality of Rapoport’s rule, that is an increase of elevational range size with increasing elevation, vs. the climatic variability hypothesis, which predicts correlations between the range of variation of climatic parameters tolerated by species and the maximum seasonal variation of these parameters experienced by these species...

The Hygromiidae is a highly diverse group of land snails with a distribution range stretching throughout the Palearctic region from the Macaronesian Islands to the Russian Far East and reaching southwards to the north-eastern Ethiopian region. So far, the classification of the family largely rested on the structure of the dart apparatus, an accesso...

We investigated the land-snail fauna in gallery forest sites along a 30-km long section of the Muvumba River in northeastern Rwanda. A total of 12,419 individuals assigned to 34 land-snail species were collected in 24 plots. Though the number of species is small compared with protected rainforests in the northern Albertine Rift, gallery forests are...

A first land snail survey in the Gebel Elba massif in southeastern Egypt revealed the occurrence of just two taxa, Pupoides coenopictus and a second pupilloid species, probably a Truncatellina species.

The phylogeography and population structure of land snails belonging to the Caucasotachea atrolabiata complex in the Caucasus region was investigated to obtain a better understanding of diversification processes in this biodiversity hotspot. So far the complex has been classified into three species, C. atrolabiata from the north-western Caucasus, C...

We investigated the effects of different land use types and environmental parameters on the number and abundance of native and introduced land snail species in East Java. 2919 specimens were sampled and assigned to 55 species of which 8 are introduced. Whereas species richness was highest in primary forest, the highest number of introduced species...

We applied an integrative approach to re-evaluate the taxonomy of the conchologically highly diverse land snail genus Rossmaessleria from the Rif Mountains in Morocco and from Gibraltar, which has been classified into 12 nominal species so far. An analysis of cox1 and 16S rDNA sequences using the General Mixed Yule-coalescent approach with a single...

The family Hygromiidae is a highly diverse group of land snails with a distribution range stretching throughout the Palearctic region from the Macaronesian Islands in the west to the Russian Far East in the east and reaching southwards to the northeastern Ethiopian region. The classification of the family largely rested on few characters of the dar...

Monacha is the most species-rich genus in the family Hygromiidae with a centre of diversity in Anatolia. On the basis of the presence or absence of accessory genital appendages, the group was subdivided into three subgenera, Monacha s. str., Paratheba and Metatheba, in the past. We used mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences of a representative sa...