Bernd Korn

• Dr.-Ing.
• Head of Department at German Aerospace Center (DLR)

In order to cope with future capacity bottlenecks, the Institute of Flight Guidance of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) is developing the Super Close Runway Operations (SupeRO) concept. In the near term, this concept provides for segregated operation of two very closely spaced parallel lanes, i.e. arrivals on one runway and departures on the other...

Dieser Vortrag zeigt Entwicklungshorizonte der Flugführung zur Nachhaltigen Luftfahrt auf

This paper gives an overview of the activities of the Group of Responsables for Flight Mechanics, Systems and Integration (GopR FM) within GARTEUR (Group for Aeronautical Research and Technology in EURope) over nearly half a century of European collaboration. It presents the research fields, some very successful highlights and gives an outlook on f...

Despite the sharp drop in demand due to the COVID-19 crisis runway capacity will be a considerable bottleneck for the development of air transportation during the next decades. The construction of new runways in sufficient distance to existing ones would bring a relief but is often blocked by settlement structures in the direct vicinity of the airp...

With the ever increasing volume of air traffic comes an enormous environmental impact, specifically due to carbon emissions. A promising approach to reduce this impact is the introduction of en route air-to-air refueling, allowing for the design of aircraft with reduced weight and a decreased fuel burn. Aside from the design of aircraft, the key ch...

Sectorless air traffic management (or flight-centric ATC as it is known in the SESAR context) is a novel concept that restructures the airspace to make better use of the human controller as a resource. Currently investigations on the introduction of a team concept for sectorless air traffic management is being conducted. As part of this team concep...

Sector-less air traffic management (ATM) is a concept which restructures the airspace in order to make better use of the human air traffic controller as a resource. Currently, a new team concepts based on self-organization is developed. To analyze the teams’ information needs for successful collaboration we use a distributed simulation representing...

In many cities the (public) transportation system already faces challenges to adjust appropriately to the growing population. Lifting the transportation offer into the third dimension by introducing Urban Air Mobility (UAM) may be a promising step towards an improvement. But what characteristics does UAM need to offer in order to represent successf...

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3201.vid The vertidrome, a ground infrastructure supporting vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) operations, is one of the key elements of Urban Air Mobility (UAM). It accommodates UAM airside and landside operations and may provide connection to other transportation modes. A vertidromes’ proc...

When using GNSS navigation for final approach guidance of aircraft to a landing site, the only systems currently available are differential GNSS with additional integrity data called augmentation systems. These work well when the landing site is fixed in space and well surveyed. In all other cases, augmentation systems are difficult to use. Here, w...

The rise of augmented reality glasses and related technologies offers new possibilities for the human–machine interface design of future aircraft. Today, head-worn displays (HWDs) are mainly used by military pilots, for instance by helicopter crews for low-visibility operations close to ground and obstacles. Nevertheless, recent technological advan...

The German public transportation system is already facing challenges adjusting appropriately the existent public transportation network to the growing population in rural and urban areas. Lifting the existent offer into the third dimension by introducing Urban Air Mobility (UAM) may be a promising step towards an improvement and has to be considere...

Das DLR entwickelt das Konzept Super Dense Runway Operations (SupeRO) für den Betrieb sehr eng benachbarter paralleler Start- und Landebahnen mit weniger als 200 m Achsabstand zur Steigerung der Start- und Landbahnkapazität. Eine Beschränkung dieses Konzeptes könnte ein Veer-Off eines der beteiligten Luftfahrzeuge sein. Das hier entwickelte Modell...

In order to balance demand and capacity in en-route ATM, the current practice is to partition the airspace into sectors. Each sector is assigned to a pair of air traffic controllers, a team of executive and planner. This controller team is responsible for the traffic within the sector. When the workload reaches the sector capacity limit, the sector...

The aim of the present paper is to demonstrate how a subset of methods from Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) in combination with Social Network Analysis (SNA) can be used to analyse the effects of a reduced crew in a legacy system of a commercial airliner’s two-pilot-crew operations. Whereas existing research approaches have used different methodologi...

Im Teilvorhaben AKES wurde zu Beginn der Stand der Technik erhoben. Des Weiteren wurden zwei Helikopter Offshore Service-Betreiber bezüglich der technischen Ausrüstung der von ihnen eingesetzten Hubschrauber sowie ihres Einsatzspektrums befragt. Auf Basis der Befragung sowie der Analyse von Helikopter Offshore-Operationen wurden zwei anspruchsvolle...

Im Teilvorhaben AKES wurde zu Beginn der Stand der Technik erhoben. Des Weiteren wurden zwei Helikopter Offshore Service-Betreiber bezüglich der technischen Ausrüstung der von ihnen eingesetzten Hubschrauber sowie ihres Einsatzspektrums befragt. Auf Basis der Befragung sowie der Analyse von Helikopter Offshore-Operationen wurden zwei anspruchsvolle...

Each modern concept of Single Pilot Operations (SPO) for a commercial airliner in research employs a remote operator such as a pilot or super-dispatcher as support to handle any off-nominal and emergency situation on-board. Hence, a data-link break-up poses a hazard for flight safety. Existing technology from unmanned aviation is transferred to est...

Each modern concept of Single Pilot Operations (SPO) for a commercial airliner in research employs a remote pilot and/or remote super-dispatcher as ground-based support to handle any off-nominal and emergency situation on-board. Hence, a data-link break-up poses a hazard for flight safety. Existing technology from unmanned aviation for mission mana...

In this paper the cognitive work analysis for the sectorless ATM environment will be presented. The analysis includes the abstraction hierarchy, decision ladder and information flow maps. This analysis will form the basis for development of tools and display designs within the sectorless ATM environment.

The project City-ATM, launched by the German Aerospace Center in January 2018, aims to integrate new airspace users, such as unmanned aerial vehicles or air taxis, into uncontrolled airspace. For this purpose, an air traffic management and traffic flow control concept is developed, which aims at uncontrolled airspace up to 2500ft above ground (toda...

In this paper we discuss an algorithm to determine the level of attention which an aircraft under control requires in a sectorless ATM environment. Data were gathered by means of an experiment in which air traffic controllers from Hungarocontrol were tasked with evaluating scenarios within a sectorless airspace. These controllers were asked how muc...

Different operational concepts for Single-Pilot and Reduced-Crew Operations (RCO) in commercial aviation include a ground based supportive component of a remote-copilot. The impact of an outage and break-up of the data-link connecting air and ground has not been investigated yet. Social Network Analysis (SNA) in combination with a Cognitive Work An...

Unmanned Flight Operations become increasingly important in both civil and military applications. In the European project DRIVER (Driving Innovation in Crisis Management for European Resilience), new technologies for Crisis Management (CM) are developed and improved. The project’s aim is to increase resilience in a local, national, and internationa...

In einem zukünftigen Luftraummanagementsystem für unbemannte und bemannte Luftraumteilnehmer – insbesondere Flüge in urbanen Gebieten – müssen eine Vielzahl von Randbedingungen beachtet werden, um eine sichere und zugleich effiziente Integration von neuen Luftraumteilnehmern zu gewährleisten. Diese Luftraumteilnehmer können sehr vielfältig sein und...

Single Pilot or Reduced Crew operations offer benefits cost savings, improvements in crew scheduling and in aircraft availability. However, safety concerns have so far prevented the introduction of single-pilot flights in commercial aviation. Introducing a remote Co-pilot station or even a remote-copilot center addresses these concerns. The present...

In this paper we proposes a density-based airspace management system for future U-Space. The concept focusses on the integration of new airspace users (e.g., UAS and Urban Air Taxis) into uncontrolled airspace (here airspace G). The advantage of the proposed concept is that it opens up the airspace equally for lowly equipped and highly-equipped UAS...

Noise, especially in the vicinity of airports, is one of the most important factors of modern air transport systems, especially at mayor hub airports. New approach designs like curved Required Navigation Performance (RNP) procedures to independent parallel runway systems can decrease the noise footprint in sensitive ground areas without reducing ai...

In air traffic management, optimization is often restricted to local areas, e.g., to the vicinity of airports. Procedures around these areas stay unchanged, and effects from optimizations concerning ecological efficiency are not considered adequately. Investigating new concepts, this typically results in local gain of efficiency without proving the...

Noise, especially in the vicinity of airports, is one of the most important factors of modern air transport systems, especially at mayor hub airports. New approach designs like curved Required Navigation Performance (RNP) procedures to independent parallel runway systems can decrease the noise footprint in sensitive ground areas without reducing ai...

Noise, especially in the vicinity of airports, is one of the most important factors of modern air transport systems, especially at major hub airports. New approach designs like curved Required Navigation Performance (RNP) procedures to independent parallel runway systems can decrease the noise footprint in sensitive ground areas without reducing ai...

Das DLR arbeitet seit vielen Jahren an unterschiedlichen Forschungsfragen, die eine Integration von Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in den Luftraum ermöglichen sollen. Die Forschungsarbeiten wurden bisher an verschiedenen Instituten mit verschiedenen Fokussierungen bearbeitet. Dieses Dokumentes soll den Gesamtkontext aktueller Arbeiten darstellen u...

Current initiatives for UAS airspace integration mostly aim at small or medium sized drones. However, it can be foreseen that there will be a demand of cargo UAS for payload in the range of 1000 kilograms. It proves to be a challenge to integrate those larger drones into a national airspace. The concept of choice for this problem is the minimum ris...

The importance of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) is growing in all aspects of aviation. Platforms range from small, user‐friendly off‐the‐shelf drones (“micro UAS”) to large transportation aircraft. One possible scenario for civil UAS or Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) operation is freight transport, ranging from small and urgent deliverie...

Existing manned cockpit operations consider the reduction of the team of pilots to one pilot to save costs, improve crew scheduling and aircraft availability. However, safety concerns have so far prevented the introduction of single-pilot flights in commercial aviation. This study seeks to address these concerns by offering an alternative tripartit...

Sectorless air traffic management is an en-route concept, which eliminates the need for control sectors. Instead of assigning a geographic area (sector), air traffic controllers are assigned certain aircraft. Controllers are responsible for their assigned aircraft all the way from entry to exit. In previous simulations, one controller was responsib...

Im Teilvorhaben Bewertung neuartiger Anzeigekonzepte des Verbundvorhabens SysTAvio wurden neue Anzeige- und Bedienkonzepte für zukünftige Avioniksysteme von Großraumflugzeugen realisiert und erprobt. Diese Aufgabe wurde gemeinschaftlich von Diehl Aerospace (DA) und dem Institut für Flugführung (FL) des DLR durchgeführt. DA hat im Rahmen des Projekt...

Im Teilvorhaben Bewertung neuartiger Anzeigekonzepte des Verbundvorhabens SysTAvio wurden neue Anzeige- und Bedienkonzepte für zukünftige Avioniksysteme von Großraumflugzeugen realisiert und erprobt. Diese Aufgabe wurde gemeinschaftlich von Diehl Aerospace (DA) und dem Institut für Flugführung (FL) des DLR durchgeführt. DA hat im Rahmen des Projekt...

Modern flight management systems (FMS) are able to predict highly precise 4D trajectories for complete flights from take-off to touchdown. The generated trajectories take into account aircraft’s performance parameters, altitude-, speed- and time constraints, given procedures, and the expected weather conditions, as forecasted. Based on these trajec...

From the perspective of flight guidance, the development of laterally segmented or curved approach procedures that allow for rerouting around congested areas is a promising strategy for coping with noise issues. To help pave the way for independent operations of segmented approaches at airports with parallel runway systems, an elementary safety con...

The paper deals with a steeper approach profile to increase altitude of the aircraft during approach for noise mitigation. To allow a standard 3° landing and thus a higher rate of applicability the vertical approach profile is divided into 2 segments. It starts at about 8000ft AGL with a 4,5° slope. At about 1500 ft AGL the approach slope transitio...

As the emphasis on initiatives that can improve environmental efficiency while simultaneously maintaining economic viability has escalated in recent years, attention has turned to more radical concepts of operation. In particular, the cruiser-feeder concept has shown potential for a new generation, environmentally friendly, airtransport system to a...

In contrast to the traditional approach to air traffic management (ATM), which divides the airspace into sectors, sectorless air traffic management regards the airspace as a single unit. Instead of sectors, air traffic controllers are assigned several aircraft, which might not be in the same geographic region. Controllers are responsible for the as...

The paper deals with a steeper approach profile to increase altitude of the aircraft during approach. To allow a standard 3° landing and thus a higher rate of applicability the vertical approach profile is divided into 2 segments. It starts at about 8000ft AGL with a 4,5° slope. At about 1500 ft AGL the approach slope transitions into a standard 3°...

In contrast to the traditional approach to air traffic management (ATM), which divides the airspace into sectors, sectorless air traffic management regards the airspace as a single unit. Instead of sectors, air traffic controllers are assigned several aircraft, which might not be in the same geographic region. Controllers are responsible for the as...

This briefing is about: Introduction + Basic Definitions Example 1: RNP Approach to Nürnberg Example 2: Steep Approach to Frankfurt Example 3: Steep and Curved to Hannover Example 4: IFR Ops at Egelsbach

Der Betrieb von RPAS in nicht separierten Lufträumen ist bis heute nicht möglich. Aufgrund steigenden Bedarfes im zivilen und militärischen Bereich ist eine vordringliche Aufgabe, den uneingeschränkten Betrieb von RPAS zu ermöglichen, ohne die Sicherheit oder Leistung des anderen Luftverkehrs negativ zu beeinflussen. Vor über zehn Jahren wurde das...

This paper deals with a steeper approach profile to increase altitude of the aircraft during approach. To allow a standard 3° landing and thus a higher rate of applicability the vertical approach profile is divided into 2 segments. It starts at about 8000ft AGL with a 4,5° slope. At about 1500 ft AGL the approach slope transitions into a standard 3...

To test different types of noise abatement approach procedures the Institute of Flight Guidance and the Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology performed flight tests on 6 September 2010 with a Boeing 737-700. In total, 13 approaches to the research airport in Brunswick, Germany (EDVE) were flown while the approach area of the airport was equ...

Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die im Auftrag des FFR/UNH durchgeführte Studie zum Steep-Segmented Approach. Beim Steep-Segmented Approach beginnt der Anflug aus ca. 8000ft Höhe mit einem 4.49° Steilsegment und schneidet den ILS-Gleitpfad bei ca. 1500ft von oben an. Abnschließend wird der Anflug auf dem Standard 3.0° oder 3.2° ILS zuende...

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are a novel component in the aviation system, offering advancements which may open new and improved civil and military applications. In general employing UAS is considered useful in missions which are either too undemanding (i.e. steady border monitoring) or too dangerous (i.e. natural disaster reconnaissance, advers...

As the emphasis on initiatives which can improve environmental efficiency while maintaining economic viability has escalated in recent years, attention has turned to more radical concepts of operation. In particular, the cruiser-feeder concept has shown potential for a new generation of environmentally friendly air transport system. However, full e...

This paper summarizes the ideas involved in implementing an imaging radar simulator based on using modern computer graphics hardware. Recent technologies were heavily used, like vertex and fragment shaders, reaching performances up to 90 Hz on a standard workstation. For greater realism, radar shadows were generated, implementing shadow map techniq...

Das Institut für Flugführung am Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt führt im Bereich „Zukünftige Führungsfunktionen für UAS“ verschiedene Forschungsvorhaben durch, deren Zielsetzung die Weiterentwicklung von Fähigkeiten und Funktionen für unbemannte Luftfahrzeuge ist. Der Kern der Arbeiten innerhalb dieses Vorhabens liegt in dem Anwendungsfel...

Exakte und aktuelle Informationen über das Einsatzgebiet und die zu erwartenden Herausforderungen sind für erfolgreiche Missi-onsdurchführungen jeglicher Art von höchster Wichtigkeit. Unbemannte Systeme (UAS) spielen bei der Informationsbeschaffung und der schnellen Reaktion auf neue Ereignisse eine immer größere Rolle und sind insbesondere für die...

Dieses Dokument enthält den Schlussbericht der DLR Arbeiten zum Verbundvorhaben "Heterogener komplexer Flugverkehr - HETEREX". Das verbundvorhaben wurde im Rahmen des vierten Luftfahrtforschungsprogramms der Bundesrepublik Deutschland durchgeführt. Es wurde mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie gefördert. Im Verbundvorh...

To test different types of noise abatement approach procedures the Institute of Flight Guidance and the Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology performed flight tests on the 6th September 2010 with a Boeing 737-700. In total 13 approaches to the Research Airport in Brunswick were flown while the approach area of the airport was equipped with...

In this contribution the existing RPAT concept for simultaneous approaches to closely spaced parallel runways is further elaborated to be implemented in low visibility. Besides RNP capabilities this concept uses as well airborne interval management capabilities. The basic procedure design aspects and the required airborne functions are described. T...

In a sectorless air traffic management concept the airspace is not divided into sectors but seen as one piece. An air traffic controller is no longer in charge of a sector but is responsible for individual flights which he or she controls from the entry into the airspace to the exit. This means that the controller has to keep track of several fligh...

Integration of UAS (Unmanned Aircraft Systems) into non-segregated airspace remains a major goal to be solved for future acceptance of these systems in air transport. Up to now most civil and military UAS operations are taking place in segregated airspace so that collision avoidance and separation with other traffic is of no concern. To further ena...

Integration of UAS (Unmanned Aircraft Systems) into non-segregated airspace remains a major goal to be solved for future acceptance of these systems in air transport. Up to now most civil and military UAS operations are taking place in segregated airspace so that collision avoidance and separation with other traffic is of no concern. To further ena...

Balancing controller workload is part of the Air Traffic Management (ATM). It is current practice to organize airspace and balance its demand and capacity by partitioning airspace into sectors. This approach is naturally limited by the minimum size of sectors and the amount of possible controller coordination. The approach considered in this thesis...

To test different types of noise abatement approach procedures the Institute of Flight Guidance and the Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology performed flight tests on the 6th September 2010 with a Boeing 737-700. In total 13 approaches to the Research Airport in Brunswick were flown while the approach area of the airport was equipped with...

The DLR project ALLFlight (Assisted Low Level Flight and Landing on Unprepared Landing Sites) is devoted to demonstrating and evaluating the characteristics of sensors for helicopter operations in degraded visual environments. To successfully enhance the pilots abilities to control a helicopter in brown-out technologies are inspected that penetrate...

According to Sheridan and Verplank's classification of levels of automation, taxiing on an airport still has a very low automation level. Key element for increased automation in taxi guidance is a precise and reliable navigation capability. As a Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) can fulfill the stringent requirements for a precision approach,...

In sectorless air traffic management the airspace is considered as one piece instead of partitioning it into sectors. The air traffic controllers are no longer in charge of sectors but are given responsibility for a certain number of aircraft during their entire flight. This entails that the controller has to keep track of several different traffic...

The idea of sectorless ATM (Air Traffic Management) envisages the airspace as a whole instead of dividing it into sectors. The dismissal of sectors, however, necessitates the definition of a complete and unambiguous set of flight rules in order to regulate which aircraft has to introduce an avoidance maneuver in case of a conflict. This paper desc...

The current practice to organize the airspace and to balance demand and capacity is the partitioning of airspace into sectors. With the increase in air traffic a common practice has been to decrease the size of the sectors in order to limit the workload of the ATCos. However, this approach has its limits. With the increasing number of sectors the n...

WASLA-HALE-Experimentalsystem: Aufbau des Bord- und des Bodensegments, Flugversuchskampagnen zu UAV Prozeduren und „Sense and Avoid“

With SESAR (Single European Sky ATM Research) there is a program well on the way to developing and implementing advanced ATM (Air Traffic Management) concepts. Beyond the scope of the SESAR programme in the LRM2020 project there are investigations on sectorless ATM taking place, which would mean not an evolution but a revolution of current ATM. Thi...

In this contribution the existing RPAT concept for simultaneous approaches to closely spaced parallel runways is further elaborated to be implemented in low visibility. Besides RNP capabilities this concept uses as well ASAS spacing capabilities. The basic procedure design aspects and the required airborne functions are described. The airborne spac...

Feasibility of a new air traffic management concept is examined which might increase the efficiency of en-route operations by up to 100%. The concept follows the idea of a sectorless airspace organization in which 1 Controller is responsible for n aircraft during their entire flight within one big airspace. Simulation results with ATCos and deeper...

The aim of the paper is an introduction to eye-data analysis in a high-fidelity cockpit simulator for the validation of the cognitive modeling approach CASCaS (Cognitive Architecture for Safety Critical Task Simulation). Within the European Project HUMAN, founded by the EC (2008-2011) a cognitive human–machine model of a pilot crew is developed. Su...

How can we best cope with the future traffic growth? In its research project Airspace Management 2020, the DFS Research and Development department together with the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) is trying to find an answer to this question. In the long run, an airspace could be created without any sectors. Initial simulator experiments conducted by...

Feasibility of a new air traffic management concept is examined which might increase the efficiency of en-route operations by up to 100%. The concept follows the idea of a sector-less airspace organization. Aircraft entering the airspace (e.g. the German airspace or the entire European Airspace) will be assigned to one controller who is in charge o...

This paper describes the development, implementation and validation of an extension module to a 4D capable Flight Management System to enable environmentally efficient CDA techniques in a future operational environment. It briefly explains an operational concept that will allow optimized CDA in high density traffic situations and demonstrates that...

Feasibility of an EVS head-down procedure is examined that may provide the same operational benefits under low visibility as the FAA rule on Enhanced Flight Visibility that requires the use of a head-up display (HUD). The main element of the described EVS head-down procedure is the crew procedure within cockpit for flying the approach. The task sha...

Feasibility of a new air traffic management concept is examined which might increase the efficiency of en-route operations by up to 100%. The concept follows the idea of a sector-less airspace organization. Aircraft entering the airspace (e.g. the German airspace or the entire European Airspace) will be assigned to one controller who is in charge o...

Die derzeitige Praxis den Luftraum zu organisieren sieht vor, einen Ausgleich zwischen Nachfrage und Kapazität zu schaffen, indem der Luftraum in Sektoren unterteilt wird. Mit einem anwachsenden Verkehrsaufkommen ist es üblich die Sektorengröße anzupassen, um die Arbeitsbelastung des Lotsen zu begrenzen. Dies stößt jedoch an seine natürlichen Gren-...

The mission spectrum of future UAS (Unmanned Arial System) will require its integration into civil airspace. Among all technologies and procedures that are currently discussed and developed to enable UAS operations in civil controlled airspace, collision avoidance is emerging as a key issue for UAS access to civil airspace. This paper reports about...