Bernardino Mamani Quispe

Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Paz, Bolivia · La Paz, Bolivia

We describe the new frog Telmatobius achachila sp. nov. from the late Middle to earliest Late Miocene of Achiri, based on a partial skeleton found at 3960 m above sealevel in the Bolivian Altiplano. This skeleton, attributed to a male adult, constitutes the first documented fossil record of the speciose living genus Telmatobius , endemic to the And...

A palynological assemblage including the extinct araucarian dispersed pollen, Cyclusphaera scabrata, was analysed from the Achiri locality, Bolivian Altiplano. The fossil-yielding locality of Achiri is located in the Pacajes Province, La Paz Department, in the northwestern Altiplano, Bolivia. The Achiri locality is very well known by the fossil ver...

New remains of a relatively plesiomorphic nothrotheriid sloth have been recovered from upper Miocene- aged deposits near the village of Achiri in the Altiplano of Bolivia. The new specimens appear allied to other middle and late Miocene remains from Argentina and Bolivia that have been assigned to the pseudo-genus ‘Xyophorus’. ‘Xyophorus’ has not p...

A palynological assemblage including the extinct araucarian dispersed pollen, Cyclusphaera scabrata, was analysed from the Achiri locality, Bolivian Altiplano. The fossil-yielding locality of Achiri is located in the Pacajes Province, La Paz Department, in the northwestern Altiplano, Bolivia. The Achiri locality is very well known by the fossil ver...

Extinct terrestrial sloths are common elements of the late Cenozoic South American fossil record. Among them, Mylodontinae species were particularly abundant in the Americas throughout the Pleistocene epoch, and their anatomy is relatively well known. In contrast, less information is available from the Neogene record and particularly from localitie...

Extinct scelidotheriine sloths are among the most peculiar fossil mammals from South America. In recent decades, the external cranial anatomy of Pleistocene scelidotheres such as Scelidotherium, Catonyx, and Valgipes has been the subject of numerous studies, but their endocranial anatomy remains almost completely unknown. Today, computed tomographi...

Sexual dimorphism (SD) is extremely common in species that have reproductive roles segregated into separate sexes, and it has been recognized in several mammalian lineages, both extant and extinct. Sexual dimorphism is low to moderate in living sloths, but it had a more important role for extinct sloth taxa. The presence of SD in extinct sloths was...

Sexual dimorphism (SD) is extremely common in species that have reproductive roles segregated into separate sexes, and it has been recognized in several mammalian lineages, both extant and extinct. Sexual dimorphism is low to moderate in living sloths, but it had a more important role for extinct sloth taxa. The presence of SD in extinct sloths was...

We provide morphological, quantitative, and qualitative studies of cranial endocasts of mesotheriid notoungulates solving previous open debate on notoungulate endocasts. For that purpose, we use the most accurate digital reconstructions methods. We confirm that mesotheriids have endocasts similar in shape and gyrification to those of other rodentli...

Fossil remains of extinct terrestrial sloths have been discovered in numerous localities throughout the Americas, but knowledge of these animals remains poor in the tropical latitudes in comparison with the austral ones. Even where Pliocene mylodontine sloths are known from North and South America, well-preserved craniodental remains are extremely...

We indicate the awesome and unusual pathologies of a mesotherid. We study the sequencial pathologies affection of the masticatory apparatus (acording his premolar and molar oclusal morphology). We infer according the craniomandibular pathological (anagenesis m1, m2), and other poscranial (exostoses) a lower predator ratio presence in the Late Mioce...

The Altiplano formed a broad Cenozoic inverted sedimentary basin (> 200 km wide) with up to 8 km of fluvio-lacustrine filling in various sub-basins. This work is focused on the Corque basin which recorded evolution of the central Altiplano and Neotropical terrestrial mammalian assemblages during the late Neogene. Indeed, this area is inferred to ha...

Modern caviomorphs or South American hystricognathous rodents exhibit a great taxonomical and ecological diversity,with a broad spectrum of dietary habits, ranging from frugivorous to grass eaters. Their oldest record dates back to the late middle Eocene from Peruvian Amazonia. Continuous paleontological field efforts have substantially increased t...

Caviomorph rodents have been an important component of South American mammal faunas at least since the Oligocene. Those from the Deseadan South American Land Mammal Age (SALMA; late Oligocene) have been exhaustively studied because they are considered key to understanding the evolution of South American rodents. Deseadan faunas are widely distribut...

Figure 1, online Resource 3: Linear measurements taken from digital cranial endocast (Mesotherium maendrum; MACN PV 2925) and from skulls (Mesotherium maendrum; MACN PV 2925), used to estimate body mass (BM) according the algorithm 4.1 of Mendoza et al. (2006). a, endocast and skull in dorsal view; b, in lateral view; and c, un ventral view, showin...

Temporal relationship of the neocortical quotient and piriform quotient of the family Mesotheriidae. Paleozoic-Cenozioc encephalization quotient comparison in the Notoungulata order and the relations according 1) distinct level of predation presure environments and 2) different families lifestyle.

Figure 1. Online Resource 4. Endocasts and skulls of badly preserved (a-c) specimens or duplicated taxa (d), included in the study but not illustrated in the main document. (Trachytheriines are showed in blue and with *). Figure 2. Online Resource 4. Endocast within the skull of Trachytherus alloxus (MNHN Bol V 6335, holotype). a, dorsal view. b, r...

Table 1. Online Resource 2. Encephalization quotient (EQ): EQ1 (Jerison 1973), or EQ2 (Eisenberg 1981) of the taxa including in this study, using distinct body mass (BM) estimates, of previous endocast studies. Source of data: (a) Jerison (1971); (b) Jerison (1973); (c) Radinsky (1981); (d) Anderson et al. (1985); (e) Damuth, (1990); (f) Roth (1990...

Studying dental ontogeny in mammals can provide valuable insight on the evolution of their masticatory apparatus and their related adaptations. The multiple acquisitions of a prolonged to continuous growth of teeth in herbivorous mammals in response to high abrasion represent an intensively investigated issue. However, the ontogenetic and architect...

We provide a muscular reconstruction of the forelimb late miocene Plesiotypotherium achirense from Achiri, Pacajes Province, Bolivia. The fossil sample of this taxa is much wider than for any other mesotheriid notoungulate. We compared with extant mamals with similar functional abilities. The results inform about typical fossorial osteological stru...

Tardigrade xenarthrans are today represented only by the two tree sloth genera Bradypus and Choloepus, which inhabit the Neotropical rainforests and are characterized by their slowness and suspensory locomotion. Sloths havebeen recognized in South America since the early Oligocene. This monophyletic group is represented by five clades traditionally...

A new species of sparassocynid marsupial, Sparassocynus maimarai n. sp. from the late Miocene of Maimará Formation (Jujuy Province, Argentina) is described from a left mandibular fragment with a complete p2–m4 series. It differs from the remaining species of the genus S. bahiai (Montehermosan—late Miocene/early Pliocene—of Buenos Aires Province, Ar...

The locality of Pomata-Ayte (Oruro department) was first reported by Hoffstetter and colleagues at the end of the 1970s and partially exploited by St-André in the 1990s. New collects have allowed recovering a diverse mammalian assemblage dated between 5.97 ± 0.4 My and 5.42 ± 0.6 My (Montehermosan SALMA, Mio-Pliocene transition). Among the taxa are...

A partial mesotheriine skeleton (Notoungulata, Mesotheriidae) from the Late Miocene Casira locality, southern Bolivia, is fully described and reinterpreted taxonomically. This specimen (MNHN-Bol-V-003724) was partially described previously without a taxonomic discussion, as it was considered to be Plesiotypotherium sp. After comparison with other B...

A dentary from the Laventan SALMA (middle Miocene) of Quebrada Honda, Bolivia, recognized as a new, small member of Megatherioidea (Hiskatherium saintandrei, gen. et sp. nov.), is reported. This taxon is clearly distinct from Nothrotheriidae and Megalonychidae and has affinities with Hapalops and Xyophorus. It is characterized by ml-m4 without dias...

Two new Mylodontinae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Mylodontoidea) from the Bolivian Altiplano are described. One of them, Pleuro lestodon dalenzae n. sp., was discovered a few meters below a volcanic tuff, Toba 76, that may be used as a reference stratigraphic level and is dated at 5.4 Ma; it could be Huayquerian (late Miocene) or at the Huayquerian-Mont...

The oldest known mesotheriids are referred to the genus Trachytherus, a taxon traditionally included in its own subfamily ‘Trachytheriinae’. The ontogeny, morphological variation and systematics of the genus Trachytherus are still poorly understood and the monophyly of this taxon is questionable. For the first time, a large collection of basal meso...