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Publications
Publications (194)
Background: Pollen, as all other plant tissues, harbors different microorganisms. As honey bees (Apis mellifera) collect and pack pollen they add regurgitated nectar to moisten and glue the pollen grains, possibly changing the microbial composition.
Hypothesis: We hypothesize that while packing pollen into their corbiculae, honey bees change the p...
Pollen limitation studies are scarce in entomophilous crops, as it can be very tedious to supplement plants with hand pollination at the relevant plant scale. To overcome this, recent studies have used pollinator gradients over several fields to assess whether crops were pollen limited. But the plant maternal resources and thus the yield potential...
Pollen, as all other plant tissues, harbors different microorganisms. As honey bees (Apis mellifera) collect and pack pollen they add regurgitated nectar to moisten and glue the pollen grains, possibly changing the microbial composition. In this study, we compared the microbiota of clean Brassica napus pollen with that of bee-worked corbicular poll...
Worldwide, there is increasing evidence that shows a decline in pollinators, limiting crop pollination and production. However, it is unclear to what extent Chinese agriculture could be impacted by pollinator deficits. Data for 84 major crops in China between 1961 and 2018 were analyzed for the temporal trends in crop area and production, agricultu...
Changes in agricultural practices have led to pollination deficits in entomophilous crops, leading to a growing interest in supplementing farmlands with managed colonies of honey bee, Apis mellifera. However, the metrics of a colony as a pollination unit is controversial due to the wide range of adult population sizes encountered in a colony, espec...
Viruses are known to contribute to bee population decline. Possible spillover is suspected from the co-occurrence of viruses in wild bees and honey bees. In order to study the risk of virus transmission between wild and managed bee species sharing the same floral resource, we tried to maximize the possible cross-infections using Phacelia tanacetifo...
The sunflower crop provides an important honey flow for beekeepers. In France, beekeepers observed a decrease in honey yield from this crop these past years compared to the 1980s-1990s. They suspect the new cultivars to be less productive in nectar compared to the older ones, but no data is available to support this, and it is known that climate co...
Il est important d’étudier la sécrétion nectarifère des plantes entomophiles, c’est-à-dire pollinisées par les insectes, car plus une culture sécrète de nectar floral, plus elle est visitée par les insectes pollinisateurs. C’est le cas du tournesol de consommation, pour lequel il faut la visite, en moyenne, d’une abeille pour cinq capitules pour at...
The assembly of the seed microbiota involves some early microbial seed colonizers that are transmitted from the maternal plant through the vascular system, while other microbes enter through the stigma. Thus, the seed microbiota consists of microbes not only recruited from the plant vascular tissues, but also from the flower. Flowers are known to b...
Agricultural intensification and associated loss of high‐quality habitats are key drivers of insect pollinator declines. With the aim of decreasing the environmental impact of agriculture, the 2014 EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) defined a set of habitat and landscape features (Ecological Focus Areas: EFAs) farmers could select from as a requir...
strong>Contexte - La pollinisation entomophile est régulièrement citée comme un facteur contribuant au rendement et à la qualité des graines du tournesol. Mais si l'apport des abeilles mellifères a été estimé comme essentiel en tournesol semences, son impact sur le rendement du tournesol de consommation est considéré comme modeste et variable. Etud...
The assembly of the seed microbiota involves some early microbial seed colonizers that are transmitted from the maternal plant through the vascular system, while other microbes enter through the stigma. Thus, the seed microbiota consists of microbes not only recruited from the vascular tissues of the plant, but also from the flower. Flowers are kno...
Recent experimental and in-field evidence of the deleterious effects of insecticides on the domestic honey bee Apis mellifera have led to a tightening of the risk assessment requirements of these products, and now more attention is being paid to their sublethal effects on other bee species. In addition to traditional tests, in vitro and in silico a...
Intensive farming systems have led to reduced food availability for honey bees which could be related to their current decline. A global tool is needed in order to assess the melliferous potential of plant species that could be developed as crops or companion plants in such systems. This review is based upon a survey from an extensive dataset colle...
Floral longevity can vary substantially with temperature in a given plant species. Thermal time has been widely used to measure developmental age of plants and poikilothermic organisms. We tested whether thermal time was suitable to express flower age to characterise the duration of pistil receptivity and that of nectar secretion in undisturbed flo...
The usefulness of power line right-of-ways for wild bees and butterflies was assessed in an agroforestry landscape in France. Comparisons were carried out between ROW sites in wooded areas (n = 31) and reference sites in open habitats as grasslands (n = 25). Average species richness (bees and butterflies) and bee abundance appear statistically equi...
The notion that robotic crop pollination will solve the decline in pollinators has gained wide popularity recently (Fig. 1), and in March 2018 Walmart filed a patent for autonomous robot bees. However, w present six arguments showing that this is a technically and economically inviable 'solution' at present and poses substantial ecological and mora...
In agro-ecosystems, pollinators are essential for orchard, oilseed crop, horticultural and forage production, as well as the production of seed for many root and fibre crops. Pollinators such as bees, birds and bats affect 35 percent of the world’s crop production, increasing outputs of 87 of the leading food crops worldwide, plus many plant-derive...
Face au constat d'une diminution des rendements et de la qualité des semences de carotte, l'INRA et la FNAMS mène une étude afin de comprendre le rôle de la pollinisation. Les travaux entrepris en 2016 apportent aujourd'hui de nouveaux résultats.
Depuis la fin des années 1990, le constat d’un déclin massif des insectes pollinisateurs s’est imposé au sein de la communauté scientifique et du grand public, posant la question de la pérennité du service écosystémique de pollinisation. Les abeilles (hyménoptères du groupe anthophila, terme remplaçant l’ancien nom d’apiformes) sont considérées com...
Dans une culture entomophile, c'est à dire pollinisée en majorité par les insectes, et en contexte de production de semence hybride, attirer les insectes pollinisateurs est la clé pour obtenir des transferts de pollen d'une lignée mâle fertile vers la lignée mâle stérile et maximiser la production de semences. Ces transferts de pollen dépendent lar...
Au cours de l'histoire évolutive des plantes à fleurs, l'apparition des nectaires floraux a permis de substituer le pollen par du nectar pour attirer les animaux pollinisateurs, permettant de diminuer les coûts de la pollinisation animale liés à la consommation du pollen. Dans les productions de semence hybride des cultures entomophiles, connaître...
La pollinisation entomophile du tournesol est souvent mentionnée comme un facteur contribuant au rendement et à la qualité de cette culture. Alors que les rendements stagnent depuis une trentaine d'années en France, l'amélioration de la pollinisation des tournesols de consommation constitue une piste pour les relancer en conditions agricoles. Notre...
Despite global interest in the role of pollinators for food production, their impact on farmers’ profit, which
determines farmers’ livelihood and land-use decisions, is unclear. Although average values of pollinator benefits
are generally assumed, there is potential for large spatial variation among crop species and varieties or among
pollinator ma...
Ecology studies often require large datasets. The benefits of citizen science for collecting such datasets include the extension of spatial and temporal scales, and cost reduction. In classical citizen science, citizens collect data and send them directly to scientists. This may not be possible for the many biological groups for which specimen iden...
Intensive agricultural systems often expose honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) to large temporal variations in the availability (quantity, quality and diversity) of nutritional resources. Such nutritional irregularity is expected to affect honey bee health. We therefore tested under laboratory conditions the effect of such variation in pollen availabil...
Proceeding ” Assessing the potential of linear infrastructure verges for conservation and dispersal of wild pollinators in landscapes – The PolLinéaire approach”
Expansion and intensification of local agriculture is usually done at the cost of decreasing natural habitat and habitat complexity, potentially affecting biodiversity and important ecosystem services (Freitas et al. 2009). Developing local, sustainable agriculture is therefore one of the major challenges of humanity. Sustainable agriculture relies...
In recent years, a growing number of studies have focused on the potential interest of urban green areas for supporting biodiversity. Private gardens, urban parks or green roofs may support relatively high densities of diverse wild bees. Knowledge is lacking regarding bee assemblages in Paris, the French capital, and one of the most densely populat...
Most bees display an array of strategies for building their nests, and the availability of nesting resources plays a significant role in organizing bee communities. Although urbanization can cause local species extinction, many bee species persist in urbanized areas. We studied the response of a bee community to winter-installed human-made nesting...
Nature Communications 6: Article number: 741410.1038/ncomms8414 (2015); Published: June162015; Updated: February182016.
The authors inadvertently omitted Kimiora L. Ward, who managed and contributed data, from the author list. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Several recent studies report wild bee declines in different regions worldwide. However there remain important knowledge gaps for bee distribution and the status of their populations. What information is available for the Armorican Massif (western France)? In this paper, we first make an inventory of the recent publications (after 2000) that provid...
The primary mode of action of pyrethroids in insects is to interfere with the normal function of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC). We have shown that deactivation kinetics were more deeply affected in VGSC from the sensory neurons of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, than from its brain neurons (Kadala et al 2011 Neurotoxicology, 2014 PLoS one) an...
More-diverse pollinators improve crop yields
It is known that increased pollinator diversity can improve the yield of agricultural crops. However, how best to both produce food and maintain diversity is still debated. Garibaldi et al. show that on small farms, which provide food for the most vulnerable populations globally, pollinator diversity can...
Ecological intensification, or the improvement of crop yield through enhancement of biodiversity, may be a sustainable pathway toward greater food supplies. Such sustainable increases may be especially important for the 2 billion people reliant on small farms, many of which are undernourished, yet we know little about the efficacy of this approach....
Les mécanismes de la pollinisation et de la fécondation chez la carotte restent encore aujourd’hui mal connus. Afin de mieux cerner ces processus clés pour comprendre l’élaboration du rendement et de la faculté germinative des semences, l’INRA d’Avignon et le service technique de la FNAMS ont conjugué leurs savoir-faire en 2015.
L’île de Porquerolles abrite une faune et une flore originales et diversifiées. Alors que certains groupes ont été particulièrement bien étudiés, aucun recensement des Apiformes n’a été réalisé. Les abeilles sont très diversifiées, l’Abeille domestique n’est qu’une espèce parmi les 977 espèces estimées présentes en France métropolitaine. De plus, c...
La pollinisation est le transfert du pollen des étamines aux pistils suivi de l’acheminement des gamètes mâles (les noyaux spermatiques) via le pollen jusqu’aux ovules. Autrement dit, à part chez les espèces parthénocarpiques (qui produisent des fruits sans fécondation, et donc sans graine, comme le bananier) et les rares espèces apomictiques (qui...
Facing the global challenge of agricultural sustainability, an ecological intensification of agriculture through optimization of ecosystem services has been proposed. Yet, little is known about the practices to enhance crop yield through pollination. A widely management procedure is to supply crops with honey bee colonies, but the contribution of p...
There is compelling evidence that more diverse ecosystems deliver greater benefits to people, and these ecosystem services have become a key argument for biodiversity conservation. However, it is unclear how much biodiversity is needed to deliver ecosystem services in a cost-effective way. Here we show that, while the contribution of wild bees to c...
Peach Prunus persica (L.) Batsch is self-compatible and largely self-fertile, but under greenhouse conditions pollinators must be introduced to achieve good fruit set and quality. Because little work has been done to assess the effectiveness of different pollinators on peach trees under greenhouse conditions, we studied 'Okubo' peach in greenhouse...
Selon les milieux, on peut avoir une idée de ce qu'on veut obtenir comme résultat, mais pas forcément de la manière de s'y prendre pour y parvenir. On rêve d'espaces naturels en ville qui soient favorable aux pollinisateurs. Mais quelles mesures de gestion permettront de réussir ? Les chercheurs d'Urbanbees ont travaillé à y répondre.
Le déclin des 2 000 espèces d’abeilles européennes est maintenant bien établi et l’urbanisation figure parmi les causes avancées pour l’expliquer, ce qui n’empêche pas de trouver encore des abeilles sauvages en milieux urbains. L’effet des perturbations causées par l’urbanisation sur ces communautés reste toutefois largement inconnu. A Lyon et dans...
Utilisés par Jean-Henri Fabre pour observer la reproduction des abeilles maçonnes, les nichoirs à abeilles sont connus de longue date des naturalistes amateurs d'insectes. Ces abris sont aujourd'hui popularisés par les jardiniers pour accueillir les insectes auxiliaires et notamment les pollinisateurs. Or, pour avoir une chance d'accueillir des abe...
Yields of commercially important crops in Kenya are often far below their potential. Amongst the possible reasons for such low yields may be the ecosystem degradation that can be expected to have negative impacts on pollinator presence in cropland, and the consequent food security issue for smallholder farmers who depend on these crops for their li...
Context: There is growing evidence that wild pollinators are declining worldwide, leading several authors to question whether a global pollination crisis is underway. The consequences of such a crisis would be severe due to the importance of animal pollination for many crops and wild plants. Habitat loss and fragmentation due to agriculture intensi...
Background:
Wild bees are important pollinators that have declined in diversity and abundance during the last decades. Habitat destruction and fragmentation associated with urbanization are reported as part of the main causes of this decline. Urbanization involves dramatic changes of the landscape, increasing the proportion of impervious surface w...
This chapter provides an overview of existing toxicity tests and their strengths and weaknesses, and discusses proposed modifications to existing studies, or additional studies that could address limitations in the current battery of studies. In the European Union (EU), regulatory authorities may require a bee brood feeding test to assess potential...
