Bernard Gangloff

• PhD
• Université de Rouen Normandie

La littérature enseigne que certaines normes sociales sont enracinées dans l’utilité, d’autres dans la désirabilité. Pour les premières, les chercheurs ont montré que les personnes conformes étaient valorisées sans pour autant que les personnes déviantes soient dévalorisées. Pour les normes enracinées dans la désirabilité, nous faisons l’hypothèse...

Organizational injustices and negative behavioral reactions: the mediating role of emotions While many studies have examined behavioral responses to situations of organizational injustice, very few have introduced emotions as mediating variables. In addition, this work was carried out in the northern countries and, to our knowledge, there are none...

"Several researches in organizational environment have shown that there is a norm of allegiance; it consists in valuing positively employees who not only obey the orders of their hierarchical superiors but who also avoid any criticism of them. Here is questioned the degree of satisfaction and dissatisfaction with adopting or refusing to adopt such...

Résumé De nombreux travaux réalisés dans les pays du nord ont montré un lien positif entre justice organisationnelle et comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle. Il n’existe pas de données issues des pays du sud en l’occurrence au Gabon. Cet article a pour objectif d’y remédier. Notre hypothèse est que les comportements de citoyenneté des sal...

C'est à cette problématique majeure des apports de la psychologie du travail et des organisations au management des organisations dans les pays du Sud que les auteurs de cet ouvrage ont consacré leurs réflexions, dans la continuité de certains thèmes déjà débattus aux précédents congrès du Réseau PTO-Sud. Cet ouvrage présente des contributions qui...

Los comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional (CCO) suelen considerarse como comportamientos extra-rol, transversales a diferentes puestos de trabajo, aunque, en ocasiones, son considerados parte del rol habitual; manteniéndose sí la elasticidad de su definición a raíz de la existencia de conceptos que, aunque en competencia, remiten a modelos s...

In responsible management, managerial efficiency and sustainable development meet and influence each other. In order to give meaning to their organisation, to respect and look after their collaborators, a manager must promote a set of values on a personal, organisational and societal level. The purpose of this paper is to study the social value att...

In every society, and particularly in the work environment, alignment or submission to authority is positively valued; while, that rebellion is disapproved. This adhesion to the "norm of obedience" is translated in avoiding all kinds of behaviors that question the hierarchy of powers within a social system constituted as such. This work aims to det...

The objective of this article is to demonstrate that personality descriptors are not neutral, but rather bearers of a social valence, be it positive or negative, valence which testifies to social desirability and / or utility. Our research is based on two studies related to the estimation of the social value of 60 personological descriptors from th...

Résumé Cette étude explore le degré d’acceptabilité des raisons fournies par un chef d’équipe pour expliquer les sanctions injustes qu’il distribue à ses subordonnés. Quinze responsables hiérarchiques masculins ayant sous leurs ordres des chefs intermédiaires dirigeant une équipe d’employés, et 61 employés (30 femmes et 31 hommes) ont répondu à un...

Several studies have shown the existence of a norm of allegiance that we can define as the social valorizationof the individuals avoiding to question the social environment, and in particular to question the powers hierarchyin a social system. Thus, it is possible to distinguish the individuals showing allegiance, who are sociallyvalorized, and to...

Les salariés qui s’éloignent des normes des employeurs lorsqu’on leur demande de donner la meilleure image d’eux-mêmes se perçoivent-ils conformes au salarié-idéal en matière de savoir-être ? Cette distance socionormative est-elle volontaire ou bien est-elle due à un manque de clairvoyance normative ? Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude...

El bienestar parece tener numerosos efectos positivos. Establecemos aquí la hipótesis de que la manifestación del bienestar percibido en la vida de todos los días, dentro del ámbito laboral, responde a los principales criterios que definen una norma social, pudiendo atribuírsele entonces un estatus normativo. Una norma se caracteriza esencialmente:...

In this article, the behavior of organizational citizenship is defined through five dimensions: altruism, courtesy, sportsmanship, public-spiritedness, and conscientiousness. The objective of our study is to enlighten the factors of development. For that purpose, we are focused on one dimension: conscientiousness. Indeed, MacKenzie, Podsakoff and F...

Research conducted in France and Portugal has consistently found that expressing high versus low Belief in a Personal Just World (BJW-P) is more socially valued. Results concerning the Belief in a General Just World (BJW-G) have been mixed. We propose this reflects a higher resistance of BJW-P social value to contextual changes. Testing this idea w...

In this study, we analyse the impact of the organizational culture and introduce a new variable, the integration of safety, which relates to the modalities for the implementation and adoption of safety in the work process, either through the activity or by the operator. 180 employees replied to a questionnaire measuring the organisational climate,...

Résumé Sont examinés ici l’importance respective accordée à cinq critères de distributions financières : la performance (individuelle et de l’équipe de travail), les besoins individuels, le degré d’allégeance/rébellion des salariés et la raison de cette allégeance/rébellion (allégeance-rébellion par légalisme vs par opportunisme). Au total, 1315 pa...

Globalization leads to an extension of the performance content demanded of employees. Consequently, the latter are confronted with an increase of requirements to fulfil, of obstacles to overcome, and, in this context, it seems that to consider oneself capable to respond to such demands is as important as one’s objectively possessed abilities. Numer...

Résumé Introduction et objectifs Peu d’études ont analysé les réactions d’un dirigeant d’entreprise en fonction du degré de justice organisationnelle adopté par ses managers vis-à-vis de leurs subordonnés. De même, les liens entre justice organisationnelle et croyance en un monde juste ont rarement été étudiés. L’objectif de cette étude est d’exam...

Résumé Confrontés à des difficultés, à des obstacles, les individus réagissent différemment les uns des autres : certains se découragent et abandonnent immédiatement, d’autres au contraire persévèrent. L’un des facteurs explicatif de ces différences est l’optimisme. En milieu organisationnel, l’optimisme conduit à de nombreux bénéfices, en termes d...

Faced with difficulties or obstacles, individuals react differently from each other: One of the factors indicating such differences deals with coping strategies. In organizational environment, problem and support coping seem to lead to many benefits, in terms of commitment to work, performance,... which leads to think that line managers expect thei...

Faced with difficulties or obstacles, individuals react differently from each other: One of the factors indicating such differences deals with coping strategies. In organizational environments, problem-focused and seeking social support coping seem to lead to many benefits, in terms of commitment to work or performance, which leads to think that li...

Numerous studies have shown that internal explanations are preferred to external ones. After taking into consideration that this emphasis of the actor’s importance resulted from a bias, it was argued that it was rather the proof of a social norm: the norm of internality. Nevertheless, research tending to highlight the existence of this norm seems,...

In this study, we were interested in the behaviors of individuals who preserve the social and organizational environment by ensuring sustainability. More specifically, we are interested in allegiant behaviors. Numerous studies have highlighted the normative character of allegiance. Therefore, we questioned the value attributed to allegiance. We que...

In this study we were interested in the behaviors of individuals who preserve the social and organizational environment by ensuring sustainability. More specifically we are interested in allegiants behaviors. Numerous studies have highlighted the normative character of allegiance. To confer an object the status of social norm means to assign value...

Three modes of salary distribution have been advanced by distributive justice theoreticians: equality, equity, and need. This study is part of a broader research whose first part has already been published. In that first part 480 employees from Buenos Aires , Argentina, were asked to advise their managers on the amount of a premium to be distribute...

Several studies have shown a positive correlation between belief in a just world and degree of submission. In the workplace, that means that the more one considers the environment in which he/she works is just, the less he/she will dispute his/her chief. However, differences were observed within the degree of belief in the justice and within the de...

The normative status of organizational citizenship behaviors CCO are an element regularly examined by the line managers in evaluating their subordinates. Here we make the hypothesis that the employees who adopt CCO will be valued by their superiors, and that this valuation, which recalls the concept of social norm, allows to think that CCO have a n...

Le livre numérique est disponible en ligne : http://www.uepb.edu.br/download/ebooks/O-que-o-trabalho-provoca.pdf

Recent studies have lately highlighted the normative character of the belief in a just world. Conferring an object the status of a social norm means assigning value (in terms of desirability and utility) to that object. So we questioned the value assigned to the belief in a just world. 170 employees were therefore interrogated on the desirability a...

On étudie auprès de 178 sujets la relation entre les valeurs de distances de pouvoir, les distances psychologiques et les jugements de sévérité et de rejet de conduites transgressives et/ou atypiques. Les résultats révèlent que le champ des conduites au travail se structure autour des valeurs et des distances psychologiques, l’accentuation des dist...

Three modes of salary distribution are usually advanced by the theoreticians of the distributive justice: equality, equity and need. Here, we have examined their respective influence while taking in consideration (with regard to the equity) the performance of the employees and their degree of allegiance/rebellion to discriminatory hierarchical inju...

We studied the relationship between the value of power distance, the psychological distances and sociomoral judgments of severity and rejection. The results reveal that judgments are structured by values and psychological distances. When the distances increase the judgements are more severe. These results suggest that it is necessary to consider th...

ust World Belief studies (Lerner, 1965; 1980) show that people generally need to believe that they live in a world where they “get what they deserve and deserve what they get” (Lerner & Simmons, 1966, p.204). In this article, we approach two normative characteristics of the Belief in a Just World: its positive social value and its normative percept...

In the present study, participants had to explain the behavior of some agents and targets of influence when the interactions involved the power bases mentioned by Raven (1998) in the power/interaction model of interpersonal influence. The behavior of the target of influence was either a complaint or rebellious behavior. Participants had to explain...

The aim of this paper is to study, on a population of students of technical universities, the representation of masculinity and femininity, and assignments made for these representations in terms of social value and jobs. We observe, on the one hand, the characteristics associated with femininity, characteristics that are generally oriented to emot...

It has been observed, as well as to explain received reinforcements (LOC) as to explain behaviors (attribution), that we generally use internal causes. This accentuation of the actor’s weight has been considered, first as an error (Ross, 1977), then as a norm (for Beauvois, 1984, this accentuation would be socially valued). However it has been show...

The belief in a just world is defined as the tendency to consider that “people get what they deserve and deserve what they get”, i.e. to consider that the world is, globally, a place of justice. Facing an individual unjustly victim of negative events and for whom it seems impossible to restore the justice objectively, we frequently deny the existen...

Interpersonal interactions are often based on information obtained about others, and in particular information about personality. Therefore, it seems reasonable to assume that personality information has some value. The purpose of this study was to examine the assignment of value to information based on the 5 dimensions generally defined as the con...

La creencia en un mundo justo ha sido definida como la tendencia a considerar que “las personas obtienen lo que se merecen y se merecen lo que obtienen” (Lerner y Simmons, 1966). A partir de allí, distintos estudios han aportado dos hallazgos importantes: 1) que esta creencia es compartida desigualmente por los individuos, en atención a ciertas var...

La aprobación social de una conducta y el menosprecio de la conducta opuesta constituyen características típicas de las normas sociales. Se ha constatado, gracias a estudios recientemente realizados en la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina), que los mandos con personal a cargo aprueban las conductas alineadas (es decir obedientes) entre sus subor...

Personality is the subject of multiple investigations. In recruitment in particular, it is one of the main elements on which job candidates are evaluated. But the evaluation, the attribution of value, consists in judging the utility and social desirability of the subject matter. This article aims to take the 88 personological descriptors obtained b...

Dans le cadre de la théorie des distances de pouvoir de Mulder (Mulder, 1977), on étudie la relation entre les distances de pouvoir, la cohésion (intégration autour de la tâche), le sentiment d’efficacité collective (potency) et l’efficience d’équipes de travail (Rousseau, Aubé & Savoie, 2006), composées d’élèves ingénieurs, impliquées dans un proj...

It is usually considered that personality can be described using five independent dimensions. Here we have asked of a group of 7 evaluators, to relate, in a consensual manner, the descriptions of the others, performed spontaneously by 50 students, non-specialists in psychology, with the dimension of the five-factor model. We obtain correspondence i...

In this study we examine the value of information conveying personological characteristics. We asked 270 students from various technical disciplines to judge the degree of desirability (agreeable, indifferent or disagreeable) and social utility (useful, without interest or embarrassing) of 88 information of personality descriptors spontaneously evo...

Résumé L’allégeance au chef constitue l’une des principales caractéristiques examinées par les recruteurs pour décider si les candidats à un emploi correspondent au profil attendu. Il est observé une préférence quasi systématique vis-à-vis des candidats faisant preuve d’allégeance, les non allégeants étant, a contrario, souvent perçus comme atteint...

We proposed to 400 students a list of adjectives refering to the five big personological dimensions (extraversion, kindness, conscientious character, emotional stability and open-mindedness), and we indicated them that they should meet someone they would not know anything of, except one of this personological characteristic summarized by one these...

Les situations de recrutement conduisent à s'interroger sur la valeur de candidats à un emploi, c'est-à-dire, puisque cette valeur est généralement considérée comme constituée de deux éléments (la désirabilité sociale et l'utilité sociale), qu'elles conduisent à se poser deux questions : ce candidat sera-t-il utile à l'organisation ? Les membres de...

The reinforcements that one receives can be the object of a dichotomy intern/extern that refers to the concept of LOC, and generally the receptor of these reinforcements attributes the responsibility of this reception to himself. The corollary of the LOC, that is the causal assignment made by the distributor of these reinforcements, that refers to...

The belief in a just world has been defined as the tendency to consider that « people get what they deserve and deserve what they get ». Studies showed that this belief was unequally shared between people, was socially enhanced, and that people were conscious of its desirability, that is to say as many results permitting to assign to this belief th...

Social influence of an authority in a perceptive task : the impact of prescriptions In a study, we examine the influence of a source representing an authority when it accompanies its divergent position by imperative communications. More precisely, one compares a control situation with other conditions in which a source of high-statute introduces a...

Il est d’usage, en situation de recrutement, de caractériser les candidats à un emploi par cinq dimensions dites de personnalité. Pour ce faire, on utilise fréquemment des tests psychotechniques dans lesquels les réponses fournies donnent systématiquement lieu à des attributions, et plus précisément à des attributions internes alors même qu’elles p...

It is of use, in recruiting situation, to characterize the applicants for a job by five dimensions known as personality dimensions. So one frequently uses the psychotechnical tests in which the given answers systematically conduce to assignments, and more precisely to internal assignments even if they could be often the consequence of external caus...

Resumen: Este es un artículo científico acerca del Locus de Distribución, surgido de un estudio realizado con una población de docentes y alumnos universitarios. Respecto de los primeros, se ha indagado acerca de las atribuciones que se realizaban en torno a las recompensas y sanciones, que ellos distribuían a sus alumnos.Respecto de los segundos,...

Este es un artículo científico acerca del Locus de Distribución, surgido de un estudio realizado con una población de docentes y alumnos universitarios. Respecto de los primeros, se ha indagado acerca de las atribuciones que se realizaban en torno a las recompensas y sanciones, que ellos distribuían a sus alumnos. Respecto de los segundos, se ha bu...

¿Cuál es, en Argentina, el perfil del asalariado ideal ¿Es un hombre o una mujer? ¿Es alguien más bien sumiso, obediente, "alineado", como ha sido observado en Francia o, al contrario, es alguien más independiente? Por otra parte, ¿ese perfil es el mismo independientemente del nivel jerárquico del asalariado, esto es, sea obrero o mando medio? Fina...

The social valorization of a conduct and the depreciation of the opposite one constitutes one of the caracteristics of a social norm. And numerous studies achieved in professional environment showed that the allegiant conducts were valorized and that the non allegiant ones were depreciated. These results let think that we are in presence of one soc...

http://journaldatabase.info/articles/percepcion_y_materializacion.html La valorización social de una conducta y la desvalorización de la conducta opuesta constituyen características típicas de las normas sociales. Se ha constatado, gracias a estudios recientemente realizados en la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina), que los mandos con personal a...

Simple social idleness and ideological affiliation are part of the main causes of racist acts. Research presented aims at highlighting the impact of a racist act on the judgements of minor and major teenagers, male and female, according to whether it is isolated[insulated] or impregnated ideologically. 87 subjects were asked how they perceived a ra...

La valorización social de una conducta y la desvalorización de la conducta opuesta constituyen características típicas de las normas sociales. Numerosos estudios realizados en el ámbito laboral han mostrado que las conductas obedientes son valorizadas y que las conductas desobedientes son desvalorizadas. Estos resultados permiten pensar que se está...

Vouloir comprendre la cause d'un phénomène ou du comportement d'autrui, c'est chercher à l'expliquer. Il est alors possible de se fier à son intuition. Mais en découvrant que l'on est capable d'appliquer les principes de base de toute science, on peut aussi décider d'utiliser la démarche des scientifiques et ainsi aboutir à plus d'exactitude Cet ou...

The social valorization of a conduct and the depreciation of the opposite one constitutes one of the caracteristics of a social norm. And numerous studies achieved in professional environment showed that the allegiant conducts were valorized and that the non allegiant ones were depreciated. These results let think that we are in presence of one soc...

1. Introducere : Modelul celor cinci factori -M.C.F.-susŃine ideea după care limbajul ar fi, de o manieră generală, expresia diferenŃierii psihologice. Această abordare psiho-lexicală propune, in final, ca ipoteză generică, faptul că: " ...cele mai importante diferenŃe individuale din tranzacŃiile oamenilor sunt encodate ca termeni singulari în une...

Les psychologues caractérisent souvent les individus par des traits de personnalité. C'est-à-dire qu'ils observent des comportements puis, de cette observation (directe ou à partir des réponses fournies à des questionnaires autodescriptifs), ils en infèrent des traits de personnalité qu'ils attribuent aux individus. Ils en infèrent plus précisément...

Cette communication s’intéressera à la variabilité intra-individuelle de l’image que les gens se font d’eux-mêmes lorsqu’on les invite à s’imaginer dans différentes situations. L’hypothèse générale de cette étude, qui s’inscrit plutôt dans la perspective de Pervin, postule que par le moyen de la contextualisation d’une consigne auto-descriptive, on...

La valorisation sociale d'une conduite et la dévalorisation de la conduite opposée constituent les caractéristiques essentielles d'une norme sociale. Il a été constaté, lors d'études récemment réalisées dans des entreprises de la province de Buenos Aires, que les cadres ayant du personnel à charge valorisaient les subordonnés allégeants, ce qui per...