Bernadette Ng'eno

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC · Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis (DGHT)/ Maternal and Child Health Branch

Introduction Women living with HIV are required to transition into the prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services when they become pregnant and back to ART services after delivery. Transition can be a vulnerable time when many women are lost from HIV care yet there is little guidance on the optimal transition approaches to e...

Setting: Ten selected healthcare facilities in Tanzania, March-April 2016. Objective: To assess the implementation of screening among pediatric contacts of adults with tuberculosis (TB) disease. Design: Using a mixed-methods approach, we conducted a questionnaire study among sputum smear-positive adult TB patients and abstracted data from thei...

Despite high pregnancy rates and HIV incidence among adolescents, their uptake of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) services is not well characterized. This paper describes current PMTCT program coverage among adolescents <20 years. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, PubMed/...

Caregivers of children with tuberculosis (TB) and HIV play a critical role in seeking healthcare for their children. To assess the perspectives of caregivers of pediatric TB patients, we conducted 76 in-depth interviews at 10 TB clinics in 5 districts of Tanzania in March 2016. We assessed how the child received their TB diagnosis, the decision-mak...

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children are of concern due to the high morbidity and mortality they engender. Tanzania is working to improve TB and HIV case identification and treatment, as well as linkage of TB and HIV care in pediatric patients.METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted in March...

Purpose: Informing adolescents of their own HIV infection is critical as the number of adolescents living with HIV increases. We assessed the association between HIV disclosure and retention in care and mortality among adolescents aged 10-14 years in Kenya's national program. Methods: We abstracted routinely collected patient-level data for adol...

Understanding how HIV is acquired can inform interventions to prevent infection. We constructed a risk profile of 10–24 year olds participating in the 2012 Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey and classified them as perinatally infected if their biological mother was infected with HIV or had died, or if their father was infected with HIV or had died (for th...

Background: Assessing micronutrient powder (MNP) consumption is the key for monitoring program performance; no gold standard exists for assessing consumption in nutrition programs. Objective: To compare estimates of MNP consumption assessed by maternal report versus observed unopened MNP sachets in the household. Methods: Cross-sectional house...

Introduction: HIV-infected pregnant and breastfeeding adolescents are a particularly vulnerable group that require special attention and enhanced support to achieve optimal maternal and infant outcomes. The objective of this paper is to review published evidence about antenatal care (ANC) service delivery and outcomes for HIV-infected pregnant adol...

A survey of 461 HIV-infected Kenyan children receiving antiretroviral therapy found 143 (31%) failing virologically. Drug resistance mutations were found in 121; 37 had L74V/I mutations, with 95% receiving abacavir-containing regimens. L74V/I was associated with current abacavir usage (p=0.0001). L74V/I may be more prevalent than previously realize...

Many children in low-and middle-income countries may have inadequate intake of vitamin B12 and folate; data confirming these inadequacies are limited. We used biochemical, demographic, behavioral and anthropometric data to describe the folate and vitamin B12 concentrations among six-to 23-month-old Nepalese children. Vitamin B12 (serum B12 < 150 pm...

In Kenya, mathematical models estimate that there are approximately 220,000 children aged less than 15 years infected with HIV. We analyzed data from the second Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS 2012) to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection among children aged 18 months to 14 years. KAIS 2012 was a nationally representative 2-stage cluster samp...

Background: Prevention of unplanned pregnancies is a critical element in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection, but its potential has not been fully realized. We assessed the utilization of family planning (FP) and fertility desires among women of reproductive age by HIV status. Methods: We selected a nationally representa...

Background: Prevention of unplanned pregnancies is a critical element in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection, but its potential has not been fully realized. We assessed the utilization of family planning (FP) and fertility desires among women of reproductive age by HIV status. Methods: We selected a nationally represe...

Although antiretroviral treatment (ART) has reduced the incidence of HIV-related opportunistic infections among children living with HIV, access to ART remains limited for children, especially in resource-limited settings. This paper reviews current knowledge on the contribution of opportunistic infections and common childhood illnesses to morbidit...