Berna ArdaAnkara University · Faculty of Medicine
Berna Arda
Prof(MD,MedSpec,PhD)
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187
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567
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Citations since 2017
Introduction
Gender and
Research ethics
Additional affiliations
November 1987 - present
Publications
Publications (187)
Nanotechnology (NT)-enabled disease-free life is a form of reconstruction of the human body that promises a paradigm shift toward a new form of human existence in an imaginable life. However, as human reconstruction may be within the limits of the concept of "human enhancement," it is not clear to what extent "enhanced humans" will be ethically acc...
This paper provides an overview of using hypothermia in the treatment of neonatal encephalopathy.
The current guidelines for neuroimaging the patient with headache and a normal exam provide misguided recommendations which are a contributing factor in the misdiagnosis of headache and failure to diagnose intracranial structural disease. The authors recommend rescinding these guidelines until imaging protocols are prudently refined to ensure quali...
The particular dynamics of public health emergencies urge scientists and Ethics Committee (EC) members to change and adapt their operating procedures to function effectively. Despite having previous pandemic experiences, ethics committees were unprepared to adapt to COVID‐19 pandemic challenges. This survey aims to learn and thoroughly discuss the...
Qualitative research is one of the widely used research methods recently. It can be stated that qualitative research has a wide range of use opportunities in the field of health sciences, which can play a role from making descriptions of phenomena to creating policies on certain issues or causing differences in approach and production of normative...
Developing nations in sub-Saharan Africa are increasingly seeking electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) as a means of reducing the high perinatal mortality and morbidity. This call for EFM is predicated on the outdated causal concept that cerebral palsy (CP) is synonymous with birth asphyxia or neonatal encephalopathy. The truth, published in worldwide...
Objective:
Ethical problems related to the field of anaesthesia and reanimation are generally addressed within the scope of reanimation and intensive care medicine by overseeing the particular issues of medical ethics in the practice of anaesthesia. The existing literature shows that a very limited number of studies are found on this issue. This r...
The Alice Books, full of illogical thoughts, words, and contradictions, were unrivaled entertainment until the publication of the medical literature promoting electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for every pregnancy. The modern-day EFM advocates acknowledge EFM's decades long failure but simultaneously recommend EFM use for lawsuit protection and beca...
Avrupa Konseyi, Türkiye’nin de 1949’dan beri üyesi olduğu uluslararası bir örgüttür. Avrupa Konseyi’nin 1970’lerde başladığı biyoetik alanındaki çalışmaları, Biyoetik Komitesi (DH-BIO) tarafından yürütülmektedir. 1976 yılında Avrupa Konseyi Parlamenter Meclisi tarafından, hasta ve ölmekte olan kişilerin haklarını konu alan önerge ve tavsiye kararı...
The worldwide cerebral palsy (CP) litigation crisis is predicated on the hoax that electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) predicts and prevents CP. There are decades of research disproving this hoax, yet EFM continues to be performed in the vast majority of labors in developed countries with resultant harm to mothers and babies alike through unnecessary...
Artificial intelligence (AI) is among the fastest developing areas of advanced technology in medicine. The most important qualia of AI which makes it different from other advanced technology products is its ability to improve its original program and decision-making algorithms via deep learning abilities. This difference is the reason that AI techn...
When we discuss the ethical issues about artificial intelligence (AI), we focus on its human-like abilities. The human-like abilities categorize under two main headings: doing and thinking.
Ethics is a generic term to understand and examine the moral realm. It has two dimensions: normative and non-normative. Non-normative ethics comprises descriptive ethics, factual investigation of moral conduct and beliefs, whereas meta-ethics.
In this section, we will begin by defining the historical evaluation of the ethics of technology. Then we will discuss if contemporary perspectives in philosophy and ethics of technology comply with AI technology.
Ethics is a generic term to understand and examine the moral realm. It has two dimensions: normative and non-normative. Non-normative ethics comprises descriptive ethics, factual investigation of moral conduct and beliefs, whereas meta-ethics.
Defining personhood is one of the core issues of bioethics. Being a person entitles humans with rights and responsibilities. It also provides a higher moral value among other beings. Improvements in medical sciences have been urging scholars to scrutinize and redefine the concept of personhood.
We have many uncertainties about AI. We do not know how fast it will develop. There are deep disputes about the possibility of generating human-level AI and its timing. Some people argue for a high probability of living together with human-level AI entities in a decade, while others think the stakes of having AI fellows around us in a life's time i...
ÖZET
Palyatif bakımın temel amacı, hastalıktan köken alan rahatsızlığı en aza indirmek, hasta ve yakınlarının yaşam kalitesini yükseltmek ve ölümün kabullenilmesini sağlamaktır. Bir yandan insan yaşamını uzatmak, öte yandan acıları dindirmek tıbbın temel görevidir. Tıp kurumu ve sağlık çalışanları ölümün kaçınılmaz olduğu durumlarda büyük bir özenl...
This book explores major bioethical issues emerging from the development and use of artificial intelligence in medical settings. The authors start by defining the past, present and future of artificial intelligence in medical settings and then proceed to address the resulting common and specific bioethical inquiries. The book discusses bioethical i...
A half century ago electronic fetal monitoring was rushed into clinical use with the promise that the secrets of fetal heart rate decelerations had been discovered and that the newly discovered knowledge would prevent cerebral palsy with just in time cesarean sections (C-sections) preventing babies from experiencing asphyxia, which was thought to b...
Objective: To evaluate the use of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) as a means of reducing cerebral palsy (CP) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
Background: CP is a significant problem in SSA where it is characteristically albeit erroneously considered synonymous with birth asphyxia, leading to the increasing use of EFM in a misguided effort to reduce...
The use of electronic fetal monitoring in Africa for routine pregnancies does not reduce the incidence of cerebral palsy, is a waste of extremely scarce resources and adds significant morbidity and mortality to a desperately critical situation.
Prof. Berna Arda, is a graduate of Ankara University Faculty of Medicine 1987, has medical specialty and PhD degrees in History of Medicine and Ethics and, teaches at the Department of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine in Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. Her main research and publication fields are science ethics, human r...
Yirminci yüzyılın başında bilimsel araştırmaları; kuşak, kalıtsallık veya kalıtım ile ilgili araştırmalardan ayırmak amacıyla türetilen genetik terimi, yine bu yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren embriyoloji ve evrim ile birlikte daha karmaşık bir alan olarak biyolojinin ayrı bir disiplini hâline gelmiştir. Kalıtımı, özellikle genleri inceleyen genetik;...
Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) has no proven efficacy in routine childbirth yet is increasingly employed throughout sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in a misguided approach to reduce the high perinatal mortality and morbidity. EFM has a 99.8% false positive rate, and does not predict or prevent cerebral palsy (CP) or any other neonatal neurological inju...
Cancer, due to its high mortality and morbidity rate, is one of the leading concerns in medicine. As the approaches and treatment methods develop day by day, many ethical issues arise. The aim of this study was to find out basic ethical issues in medical oncology practice from a physician's perspective. Three interviews were performed with medical...
The off-label use of medical devices is becoming increasingly widespread. Though the off-label use of drugs has been controlled with the establishment of legal and ethical rules, similar regulations have not been implemented for medical devices. Legal gaps in this field, and the broad initiative granted to physicians have led to the emergence of pr...
Football, one of the sports with roots in history, has been associated with violence and tragedy in various countries. Several studies have tried to understand the nature and structure of hooliganism and its common cross-national characteristics, severity, and causes. Although existing literature suggests a variety of strategies to prevent violence...
Interventions in medicine require multicenter clinical trialson a large rather than limited number of subjects from various genetic and cultural backgrounds. International guidelines to protect the rights and well-being of human subjects involved in clinical trialsarecriticized for the priority they place on Western cultural values. These discussio...
Research misconduct has become an important issue since the 1980s’ in the US. It has just started to become an important issue in Turkey. The research community in Turkey has expanded significantly in the last 10 years and continues to grow. This growth in research means there are more researchers, more research infrastructure, more technology, and...
Bioethics abolished the prevailing Hippocratic tenet instructing physicians to make treatment decisions, replacing it with autonomy through informed consent. Informed consent allows the patient to choose treatment after options are explained by the physician. The appearance of bioethics in 1970 coincided with the introduction of electronic fetal mo...
Bioethics abolished the prevailing Hippocratic tenet instructing physicians to make treatment decisions, replacing it with autonomy through informed consent. Informed consent allows the patient to choose treatment after options are explained by the physician. The appearance of bioethics in 1970 coincided with the introduction of electronic fetal mo...
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) people have been and are still being subjected to discrimination and the violation of fundamental human rights based upon their sexual orientation and gender identity. In many countries, several international organizations, including the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the European Union and many...
The aim of this study is to review the inquiry process used in scientific misconduct cases in the Ankara Chamber of Medicine between the years 1998 and 2012. The violations of the “Disciplinary Regulations of the Turkish Medical Association” have been examined by keeping the names of the people, institutions, associations and journals secret. In to...
Discussion of the misguided use of EFM in sub-Saharan Africa.
Developing nations in sub-Saharan Africa are increasingly seeking electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) as a means of reducing the high perinatal mortality and morbidity. However, EFM is an ineffective modality with a virtually nonexistent scientific foundation, has a 99.8% false positive rate, and does not predict cerebral palsy, acidemia, stillbirths...
Interwiews with three oncologists to find out ethics issues.
The purpose of this study is to identify Genetic Counseling practices in Turkey in the light of Turkish legislation. It was presented in 23rd WAML Annual Congress, 50th Golden Anniversary Meeting in Baku, Azerbaijan (July 10 - 13, 2017).
The purpose of this study is to identify GC practices in Turkey in the light of Turkish legislation. It was presented at 23rd WAML Annual Congress, 50th Golden Anniversary Meeting in Baku Azerbaijan (July 10 - 13, 2017).
Termination of pregnancy, as it is around the world, is one of the most controversial concepts from the aspect of medical ethics and health law in Turkey. Termination is allowed up to the tenth week of pregnancy by the request of the parents since 1983. Process of termination is being conducted due to request of the unmarried adult mother, if the m...
Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) was predicted by its inventors to be the long-sought cerebral palsy (CP) nemesis. Rather than prevent CP or any other birth problems, 40 years of EFM use has done substantial harm to mothers and babies and created a worldwide CP-EFM litigation industry that enriches only trial lawyers. Physicians, frightened by the...
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Abstract
Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) does not predict or prevent cerebral palsy (CP), but this myth remains entrenched in medical training and practice. The continued use of this ineffectual diagnostic modality increases the cesarean section rate with concomitant harms to mothers and babies alike. EFM, as it is used...
Tıp mesleğinin ülkemizde hızla farklı görünümlere büründüğü hemen herkes tarafından kabul edilmektedir. Kı-dem kazanmış hekimler henüz tıp öğrencisiyken kendilerini beklediklerini bildikleri tıbbın, günümüzde artık çok değişmiş, hatta başkalaşmış olduğunu meslek hayatları boyunca görmüşlerdir. Bu, aslında oldukça kısa sürede meydana gelen başkalaşm...
ÖZET Genetik alanındaki gelişmelerin sağladığı farkındalık ve avantajlardan toplumun azami düzeyde faydalanması, yeni olan ve az bilinen karşısındaki olası mağduriyetlerinin engellenmesi için yetkili kişilere ve kurumlara pek çok ödevler düşmektedir. Bu ödevlerden biri de genetik danışmanlık (GD) sürecinin analiz edilerek günümüz toplumunun ihtiyaç...
Pandora opened the box releasing death and all other
evils into the world. She hastened to close the lid but the
whole content had escaped except for one thing at the
bottom of the box - HOPE. Paraphrase of the Greek Myth
in Hesiod’s Works and Days.
Edward Hon opened the Electronic Fetal Monitoring
(EFM) Pandora’s Box in the 1950s. Although perhap...
Objective:
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the ethical aspects of informed consent process of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients in Turkey.
Methods:
The study included 50 patients undergoing TKA in Gazi Mustafa Kemal State Hospital Orthopedics Clinic. A face to face survey was conducted to determine the ethical appropriateness of...
Right to health is considered as a fundamental human right. However the realization of right to health is facing obstacles due to the scarce resources which are needed for the provision of health services. Besides the vast technological improvements in medical area leads to the development of diagnosis and treatment possibilities each and every day...
Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) entered clinical medical practice at the same time bioethics became reality. Bioethics changed the medical ethics landscape by replacing the traditional Hippocratic benign paternalism with patient autonomy, informed consent, beneficence, and nonmaleficence. But EFM use represents the polar opposite of bioethics' re...
The vast improvements in medical technology reviled the crucial role of social determinants of health for the etiology, prevalence and prognosis of diseases. This changed the content of the right to health concept from a demand of health services, to a claim of having access to all social determinants of health. Thus, the just allocation of scarce...
This chapter is devoted to clarify the ways to improve education in bioethics. On one hand improving is possible under the general conditions in the light of educational principles, on the other hand academic experience shown us that the bioethics education is improvable from the point of related literature. Basic rationals of education, general fr...
The aim of this paper is to reflect the situation of health legislation alignment in Turkey in its accession process to the European Union and Customs Union Agreement, and to discuss the the EU's health priorities of in parallel with the Turkish ones. The health legislation alignment processes consist of three titles which are: European Union align...
Kitab-iMuntehabJi al-tibb ve Ala'im-i Cerrahin, which were considered as unique samples of the very first medical books in Turkish language, are two important manuscripts written and translated in Anatolia. While studies revealed that Kitab-i Muntehab Ji al-tibb of Abdiilvehhab bin Yusuf ibn-i Ahmed el-Mardani was written in 1420, one of the oldest...
İlk Türkçe tıp yazmaları arasında sayılan Kitâb-ı Müntehab fî't-tıbb ve 'Alâ'im-i Cerrâhîn Anadolu'da telif ve tercüme edilmiş iki önemli tıbbî yazma eserdir. Yapılan çalışmalar Abdülvehhâb bin Yûsuf ibn-i Ahmed el-Mardânî'nin Kitâb-ı Müntehab fî't-tıbb adlı eserinin 1420 yılında yazıldığını ortaya koyarken, Cerrâh İbrâhîm'in 'Alâ'im-i Cerrâhîn'in...
Luck Egalitarianism has frequently been discussed in the recent literature because of the potential impact of this theory on health financing. Luck Egalitarianism puts forth a theory of distributive justice which says that the fundamental aim of equality is to compensate people for undeserved bad luck such as being born with poor native endowments,...
Nanotechnology is a field that we often hear of its name nowadays. Altough what we know about it is soo poor, we admire this field of technlogy, moreover some societies even argues that nanotechnology will cause second endustrial revolution. In addition, nanotechnology makes our basic scientific knowledge upside down and is soo powerfull that it is...
En temel tanımı ile biyobankalar, insan biyolojik örnekleri ile bu örneklerle ilişkili tıbbi, soya ait, çevresel ve yaşam tarzı verilerini içeren yapılandırılmış kaynaklardır. Bu kaynaklar, katılımcılara ait DNA, kan ve doku gibi çok çeşitli biyolojik örnekler ile bu örneklerle ilişkili, yaş, cinsiyet, yaşam tarzı gibi kişisel bilgileri içermektedi...
“Receiving informed consent” is regarded as one of the main physician skills and basic components of ethics education. Since 2004, theoretical and practical informed consent education has been given to medical students by the Department of History of Medicine and Ethics within the scope of Grade-3 “Professional skills laboratory program” in Ankara...
This article aims to evaluate the research process in geriatrics from the ethical point of view. The elderly population is increasing rapidly, but there is no parallel in the amount of research concerning this demographic. On the other hand, in the light of research ethics, this group mainly represents vulnerable people and requires more sensitivit...
The increase of the elderly population forces changes to some structures such as health, social insurance, business life, and local governments, which are mainly organized according to the young and working population. The field where this transformation has been brought to agenda at the utmost is the medical services. The changing disease characte...
ÖZET Bu makalede, Türk tıp tarihinde anatomi öğreniminin erken dönemi olarak kabul edilen ve "medrese dönemi" olarak adlandırılan devrede yazılmış bulunan tıbbi eserlerde yer alan kadın genital sistemi anatomisi konusundaki bölümlerin incelenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. On üçüncü ve on sekizinci yüzyıllar arasında yazılan ve içerisinde...
In Turkey, incidents related to bioethics are mostly treated under the title of “medical ethics” or “biomedical ethics.” Physicians’ professional duties and responsibilities have been considered a major part of medical education in the country for decades. Since the 1980s, the concept of “medical deontology” has gradually changed. Today, it is comp...
Amaç: Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dönem-3 öğrencilerine yönelik olarak geliștirilen ve 2004'den beri sürdürülmekte olan " Uygulamalı Aydınlatılmıș Onam Alma Becerisi (UAOAB) " eğitim programı yıllar içinde özellikle 2012 yılı sonrasında olmak üzere bazı yapısal değișikliklere uğramıștır. Bu çalıșma, öğrencilerin program hakkındaki düșünceleri...
This paper presents and analyses, in terms of privacy and confidentiality, the Turkish Draft Law on National DNA Database prepared in 2004, and concerning the use of DNA analysis for forensic objectives and identity verification in Turkey. After a short introduction including related concepts, we evaluate the draft law and provide articles about co...
We conducted a descriptive study of the existing research ethics committee (REC) review structure in Turkey with respect to clinical trials and discuss what can be expected in the future under the new regulation that came into effect in April 2013. We identified 78 RECs in Turkey under the Ministry of Health (MOH) as of September 2012, categorised...
Şānīzāde Mehmed Atāullah Efendi was a pioneer in the history of Turkish medical education with his work Ḫamse-i Şānīzāde (Five Works of Şānīzāde). The first of these works, Mir'āt al-abdān fī taşrīh-i a‘ḍāi’l-insān (Mirror of the Bodies in the Dissection of the Members of the Human Body), concerns anatomy and was written in 1816. Şānīzāde's Mir'āt...
We conducted a descriptive study of the existing research ethics committee (REC) review structure in Turkey with respect to clinical trials and discuss what can be expected in the future under the new regulation that came into effect in April 2013. We identified 78 RECs in Turkey under the Ministry of Health (MOH) as of September 2012, categorised...
The use of primary sources is generally accepted to be the most valuable methodology in conducting historical research. The original Ayintab Sheria Court Registers are thus an important historical document. A few examples of register entries, dating from the years 1539, 1540, 1765 and 1791 and relating to physician responsibility and medical practi...
This section is dedicated to examining the subject Neuroethics and Neurolaw in Turkey. The development of medicine and related branches in Turkey generally demonstrates a parallelism with the examples from the similar countries in the world. In brief, the contemporary criterions are applicable to both education and daily practices of these fields....
In recent years, decision-making processes related to medical practices have undergone a change from physician paternalism towards patient autonomy. However, it has been put forward that this situation has changed into or strengthened the parent paternalism for children. Parental paternalism might bring along decisions of refusing the child’s treat...
Stem cell research promises great hopes for treatment of chronic degenerative diseases and permanent disabilities as well as bringing important ethical problems to the agenda as well. These problems can be discussed as the sources of stem cells and the method to derive them, stem cell research processes, the use of stem cells at the clinical phase,...
As a country located between Asia and Europe, Turkey is both a Balkan and a Middle Eastern country, and is of both Black Sea and Mediterranean origin. Its culture is based on both Eastern and Western thought. It is an inheritor of both antique and Islamic civilisations. For that reason it represents a blended and multidimensional identity. This cha...
To present Haly Abbas' hydrocephalus text of his book Kitāb al-Malikī / Liber Regius (The Royal Book) which was accepted as a classical textbook in Eastern and Western worlds for a long time.
The Arabic (Süleymaniye Manuscript Library, Murad Molla Collection, Nr: 1482 and Būlāḳ, 1294 /1877) and the Latin (Venice, 1492) versions of the related chapt...
It was aimed to find out and to evaluate the anatomical terms in osteology section of Şanizade Mehmed Ata-allah's work Mirat al-abdm in this study and a printed copy of the book which is in library of History of Medicine and Ethics Department of Ankara University Faculty of Medicine was examined. Topics and figure explanations in osteology section...
Projects
Projects (7)
Despite the wide scope of genetic counseling (GC) applications and the desirability of having GC services, there are limited studies in Turkey to determine the ethical problems in this area. The impression obtained from the current literature suggests that the existing GC service in our country can not be continued systematically and fully defined, while the personnel conducting genetic counseling do not have enough bioethical training on the subject. The objectives of the research in the light of this motivation are mainly based on the examination of the existing GC process and its continuous bioethical issues in Turkey.