Bérengère Guillery-Girard

Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes | EPHE · U1077 Inserm EPHE Université de Caen

Les apprentissages reposent sur différentes mémoires et leurs interactions. Chacune présente un pattern de développement spécifique influencé par des facteurs intrinsèques comme la maturation cérébrale et extrinsèques comme l’environnement. Dans cet article, nous reprendrons ces patterns de développement et les conséquences sur les apprentissages a...

This article is a brief Introduction to a series of articles issued from the Journée Claude Bernard, organized at the Académie Nationale de Médecine. This session had for thematic "Memory and traumatism" and was composed of presentations coming from different disciplines including biological sciences and humanities. Several publications come from t...

The brain is a highly complex system whose functioning is critical for our interaction with the world. Neural elements, from single cells to brain systems, constantly fluctuate in their dynamics, accompanying the plethora of possible exchanges between our environment and ourselves. However, sometimes things go awry. An unfortunate example is post-t...

Encoding of visual scenes remains under-explored due to methodological limitations. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between memory accuracy for visual scenes and eye movements at encoding. First, we used data-driven methods, a fixation density map (using iMap4) and a saliency map (using GBVS), to analyse the visual attention for items....

The long-described atypicalities of memory functioning experienced by people with autism have major implications for daily living, academic learning, as well as cognitive remediation. Though behavioral studies have identified a robust profile of memory strengths and weaknesses in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), few works have attempted to establish...

In a recent study on visual episodic memory (Desaunay, Clochon, et al., 2020), we have shown event‐related potentials (ERPs) differences associated with priming (150–300 msec), familiarity (350–470 msec), and recollection (600–700 msec), in young people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) compared with typical development (TD). To go further into...

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with atypical neural activity in resting state. Most of the studies have focused on abnormalities in alpha frequency as a marker of ASD dysfunctions. However, few have explored alpha synchronization within a specific interest in resting-state networks, namely the default mode network (DMN), th...

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with atypical neural activity in resting-state. Most of the studies have focused on abnormalities in alpha-frequency, as a marker of ASD dysfunctions. However, few have explored alpha synchronization, with a specific interest in resting-state networks: the default mode network (DMN), the senso...

Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of hypersomnia, compulsive hyperphagia, disinhibition, hypersexuality and self modifications. To investigate the Self, we used afunctional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm evaluating Self-reference processing (SRP) and Self-reference effect (SRE) in a17-year-old male adolescent a...

Models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggest that the hippocampus is key to the persistence of traumatic memory. Yet very little is known about the precise changes that take place in this structure, nor their relation with PTSD symptoms. Previous studies have mostly used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at low resolutions, making it impos...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by atypical perception, including processing that is biased toward local details rather than global configurations. This bias may impact on memory. The present study examined the effect of this perception on both implicit (Experiment 1) and explicit (Experiment 2) memory in conditions that promote eit...

Autobiographical memory (AM) is closely linked to the self-concept, and fulfills directive, identity, social, and adaptive functions. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are now known to have atypical AM, which may be closely associated with social communication difficulties. This may result in qualitatively different autobiographical n...

This study tested whether adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show the same pattern of difficulties and absence of age‐related differences in short‐term memory (STM) as those that have been reported in episodic long‐term memory (LTM). Fifty‐three adults with ASD (age range: 25–65 years) were compared to 52 age‐, biological sex‐, and intellig...

Behavioral data on episodic recollection in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) point limited relational memory functioning. However, the involvement of successive memory processes in the profile of episodic memory in ASD needs more study. Here, we used event‐related potentials (ERP) to investigate the time course of episodic recollection with an assoc...

To address inconsistencies in the literature on memory in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we report the first ever meta-analysis of short-term memory (STM) and episodic long-term memory (LTM) in ASD, evaluating the effects of type of material, type of retrieval and the role of interitem relations. Analysis of 64 studies comparing individuals with A...

Introduction : La mémoire autobiographique (MA) fait référence à une collection de souvenirs des événements vécus par un individu associée à des projections d’événements dans le futur (mémoire épisodique) et à ses connaissances générales personnelles (mémoire sémantique). Les personnes avec trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) présentent des parti...

Introduction La mémoire autobiographique (MA) fait référence à une collection de souvenirs des événements vécus par un individu associée à des projections d’événements dans le futur (mémoire épisodique) et à ses connaissances générales personnelles (mémoire sémantique). Les personnes avec trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) présentent des particu...

We evaluated event-based prospective memory (EBPM) in adolescents with Autism, varying the load of the to-be-performed intentions. We included measures of inhibition, working memory and binding. Results showed that increasing the retrospective memory load reduced performance in controls. In Autism, adolescents were impaired in the low load conditio...

To address inconsistencies in the literature on memory in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), we report the first ever meta-analysis of short-term (STM) and episodic long-term (LTM) memory in ASD, evaluating the effects of type of material, type of retrieval and the role of inter-item relations. Analysis of 64 studies comparing individuals with ASD and...

Cognitive studies generally report impaired autobiographical memory in individuals withautism spectrum disorder (ASD), but mostly using verbal paradigms. In the presentstudy, we therefore investigated the properties of both past and future autobiographicalproductions using visual cues in 16 boys with ASD and 16 typically developing (TD)participants...

Introduction : La mémoire autobiographique (MAB) va guider l'individu et lui permettre de développer un sentiment d'identité continu dans le temps. Dans les troubles du spectre de l'autisme (TSA) cette MAB, présente des particularités mises en liens avec les difficultés d'interactions sociales. Par sa position centrale, cette MAB constitue une por...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by intrusions, re-experiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal. These symptoms might be linked to dysfunction in core neurocognitive networks subserving self-referential mental processing (default mode network, DMN), detection of salient stimuli (salience network, SN) and cognitive dysfunction (cen...

Reexperiencing symptoms in adolescent Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are characterized by the apparition of vivid intrusive images of the traumatic event. The emergence of these intrusions is thought to be related to a deficiency in context processing and could then be related to hippocampal alterations. The hippocampus is a complex structur...

Cognitive and brain development are closely linked from infancy to adulthood. The purpose of this article is to review the current state of knowledge on behavioral and brain substrates of memory development and discuss learning strategies adapted to children. First, we will review cognitive development of different memory systems, from procedural t...

Encoding and retrieval processes in memory for pairs of pictures are thought to be influenced by inter-item similarity and by features of individual items. Using Event-Related Potentials (ERP), we aimed to identify how these processes impact on both the early mid-frontal FN400 and the Late Positive Component (LPC) potentials during associative retr...

Some studies suggest that childhood traumas, particularly when they are interpersonal, are associated with more severe Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) at adulthood and have a critical impact on the development of self-concept. Recent findings point to serious impairments in representations of self in PTSD adolescents, but nothing is known abo...

We proposed to explore the functional brain changes during a self-reference processing (SRP) task in adolescents with sexual abuse-related post-traumatic stress disorder (N = 10), compared with healthy adolescents (N = 10). While patients showed no behavioral disturbances in SRP, they exhibited changes in activity and connectivity in regions involv...

Pendant longtemps, les études cognitives ont négligé les liens entre mémoire et émotions, voire même totalement écarté de leurs champs de recherche. Aujourd’hui, l’étude des émotions, au travers de leur expression physiologique, comportementale jusqu’à leur expérience subjective, est en pleine expansion. De par leur nature, les émotions nécessitent...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex syndrome that may occur after exposure to one or more traumatic events. It associates physiological, emotional, and cognitive changes Brain and hormonal modifications contribute to some impairments in learning, memory, and emotion regulation. Some of these biological dysfunctions may be analyzed in...

Negative self-appraisal may underline the development and maintenance of Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This phenomenon may be exacerbated in individuals with PTSD occurring during adolescence with a critical impact on brain development and personal identity. However, no study has evaluated changes in self-appraisal and the functional brain...

Résumé : Le développement cognitif repose en grande partie sur des phénomènes de maturation cérébrale. Cet article propose une revue des connaissances actuelles sur le neuro-développement de la mémoire. Nous décrirons tout d’abord le développement de la mémoire selon une approche multisystémique, de la mémoire procédurale à la mémoire autobiographi...

Autobiographical memory implicates many cognitive functions including executive functions, language, social cognition, self-consciousness, perceptual and emotional processes. Autobiographical memory can be described into two components: episodic memories and personal semantic knowledge, both closely related to the self. For these reasons, the devel...

Adolescence is marked by the development of personal identity and is associated with structural and functional changes in brain regions associated with Self processing. Yet, little is known about the neural correlates of self-reference processing and self-reference effect in adolescents. This functional magnetic resonance imaging study consists of...

Adolescence is marked by the development of a cohesive sense of self and for shaping one’s personal identity. Brain is still maturing during adolescence and adolescence and even into the 20s. One of the latest developing brain regions is the medial prefrontal cortex, including the anterior cingulate cortex. This brain region has been proposed to be...

Some studies highlight similarities between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and healthy aging. Indeed, the decline in older individuals' ability to create a unified representation of the individual features of an event is thought to arise from a disruption of binding within the episodic buffer of working memory (WM) as the same way as observed in AS...

While the current literature on children suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy (CTLE) mostly focuses on material-related episodic memory deficits according to seizure-onset lateralization, the present study examined associative episodic memory according to the type of information to memorize (e.g., factual, spatial, and sequential) and further inve...

Objectifs L’étude de la mémoire autobiographique dans l’autisme a été principalement réalisée chez l’adulte [1] et plus rarement chez l’enfant, révélant principalement des déficits en mémoire épisodique [2]. Il n’existe qu’une étude chez l’adolescent [3] cherchant à caractériser les souvenirs épisodiques, incluant notamment leurs propriétés sensori...

La technique d’ Eye-tracking (ET), basée sur la détection du reflet cornéen généré par une lumière infrarouge, permet l’enregistrement en temps réel des mouvements oculaires d’un individu explorant une image ou son environnement. Cette technique révélant le sens du regard en une succession de saccades et de fixations a permis d’apporter un nouvel é...

Autism and brain connectivity: contribution of neuroimaging studies in understanding clinical symptoms Neuropsychological studies in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) report a dissociation between preserved low-level processing and deficits in high-level processing in various cognitive domains. This pattern suggests a lack of integration of informati...

Episodic retrieval is characterized by the subjective experience of remembering. This experience enables the co-ordination of memory retrieval processes and can be acted on metacognitively. In successful retrieval, the feeling of remembering may be accompanied by recall of important contextual information. On the other hand, when people fail (or st...

Episodic memory refers to the capacity to bind multimodal memories to constitute a unique personal event. Most developmental studies on episodic memory focused on one specific component, i.e., the core factual information. The present study examines the relevance of a novel episodic paradigm to assess its developmental trajectories in a more compre...

Les dysfonctionnements mnésiques et l’altération de la perception de soi sont au centre du développement et du maintien de l’état de stress post-traumatique (ESPT) [1]. Notre étude vise à étudier la perception de soi ainsi que son influence sur le fonctionnement mnésique chez des adolescents témoins n’ayant subi aucun traumatisme et chez des adoles...

"Travelling in time," a central feature of episodic memory is severely affected among individuals with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) with two opposite effects: vivid traumatic memories are unorganized in temporality (bottom-up processes), non traumatic personal memories tend to lack spatio-temporal details and false recognitions occur more...

Episodic buffer assessment: two tasks of binding and maintenance of verbal and spatial information The episodic buffer component of working memory is assumed to play a central role in the binding of information from the subsidiary systems, and from long-term memory, into a unitary stable and coherent representation. It provides temporary storage of...