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February 1998 - present
Publications
Publications (72)
A novel instrument based on broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy has been developed using a supercontinuum broadband light source, which showcases its ability in simultaneous measurements of the concentration of NO2 and the extinction of particulate matter. Side-by-side intercomparison was carried out with the reference NOx analyzer fo...
We report here the development, validation, and application of a reliable analytical approach to calibrate gaseous formaldehyde (HCHO) using gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector and methanizer (GC-FID-methanizer). Contrary to the classical GC-FID, GC-FID-methanizer allows HCHO measurements and presents a higher detection sensit...
The aerosol properties of Mount Etna's passive degassing plume and its short-term processes and radiative impact were studied in detail during the EPL-RADIO campaigns (summer 2016-2017), using a synergistic combination of observations and radiative transfer modelling. Summit observations show extremely high particulate matter concentrations. Using...
Sea breeze (SB) phenomena may strongly influence air quality and lead to important effects on human health. In order to study the impact of SB dynamics on the properties and toxicity of aerosols, an atmospheric mobile unit was deployed during a field campaign performed in an urbanized and industrialized coastal area in Northern France. This unit co...
Because of their size and price, miniature gas sensors are good candidates for long-term, large-scale, continuous monitoring of the air quality in confined environments, even in the presence of occupants. In spite of their still somewhat limited metrological performances, these tools are able to provide relevant information on the pollutants spatia...
The long-term study of air quality inside buildings in the presence of occupants requires the deployment of low-cost instruments capable of measuring the most concerning pollutants, without nuisance to the occupants. Several laboratories within the University of Lille, France, have united their expertises within the APOLLINE project (Air Pollution...
The rapid industrialization and urbanization of intra- and peri-urban areas at the world scale are responsible for the degradation of the quality of edible crops, because of their contamination with airborne pollutants. Their consumption could lead to serious health risks. In this work, we aim to investigate the phytotoxicity induced by foliar tran...
Commercial miniature gas sensors, because they are smaller and cheaper than conventional instruments, can be deployed in large numbers to investigate indoor air quality, for research and operational purposes. To compensate for their limited metrological performances, it is necessary to develop relevant data treatment procedures. We applied an unsup...
This work aimed to model the dispersion of the traffic emissions for the first time in the area of Agadir city (Morocco). The estimate of road emission (from vehicle counts) was performed with Circul’air software version 4.0 which is based on the European methodology Copert 4. While the dispersion modelling was performed using SIRANE model, an impo...
Particulate matter (PM) emitted by human activities presents a significant risk for human health, especially through inhalation. In this work, coarse and ultrafine particles (PM10 and PM1) were collected near a lead battery recycling facility, recognized as an emission source of hazardous particles. These particles were previously found to have adv...
In this study, we measured the NOx and O3 concentrations in different roadsides places,and one background site, in the city of Agadir, Southern Morocco, between January2014 and June 2015. The observed concentrations were used to investigate whether theassumption that the photostationary state was reached, implicitly used in the air qualitypredictiv...
The concentrations of carbonyl compounds (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde and acetone) and BTX compounds (benzene, toluene and o-m-p-xylenes) were measured in 2012-2014 at eight roadside locations of the Inezgane-Ait Melloul urban community, in southwestern Morocco. We used active sampling onto SKC activated charcoal tubes for BTX, followe...
Standard air quality instruments are not adapted for long-term continuous and real-time monitoring of indoor environments. A promising alternative resides in using miniature gas sensors, which are low-cost devices capable to monitor air pollutants, even at low concentrations. In the present study, we investigate with electronic gas multisensors sys...
The pollutant pattern inside a low energy school building, equipped with a time controlled ventilation system, has been investigated by two approaches. In a first step, 4.5-days passive sampling measurements have been done simultaneously inside and outside, in order to determine the chemical fingerprint and the origin of the pollutants. In a second...
In order to study the dynamic of pollutants and the chemistry in a low energy-consumption building as a function of the ventilation status and outdoor conditions, fields campaigns have been conducted in a low energy school in northern France. A large set of instruments has been deployed to characterize with a high temporal resolution (range of minu...
To study the reactivity in different environments : urban or biogenic To test the reliability of the different instruments available (pump-probe, CRM) to measure OH reactivity in these environments To study the reactivity of specific biogenic species in laboratory (i.e : isoprene, monoterpenes, playing a role in the production of tropospheric oz...
Indoor air quality was characterized in ten recently built energy-efficient French schools during two periods of 4.5 days. Carbon dioxide time-resolved measurements during occupancy clearly highlight the key role of the ventilation rate (scheduled or occupancy indexed), especially in this type of building, which was tightly sealed and equipped with...
The investigation of hydroxyl radical (OH) chemistry during intensive field campaigns has led to the development of several techniques dedicated to ambient measurements of total OH reactivity, which is the inverse of the OH lifetime. Three techniques are currently used during field campaigns, including the total OH loss rate method, the pump–probe...
Di(oxymethylene)glycol (DOMG) is formed in formaldehyde aqueous solutions by polymerization of methanediol. We investigated the structure and spectrum of DOMG in solution using Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations and ab initio calculations. One predominant conformer has been identified. The anharmonic vibrational spectrum of di(oxymethyle...
The investigation of hydroxyl radical (OH) chemistry during intensive field campaigns has led to the development of several techniques dedicated to ambient measurements of total OH reactivity, which is the inverse of the OH lifetime. Three techniques are currently used during field campaigns, including the total OH loss rate method, the pump-probe...
Pollutant concentrations in the indoor environment are controlled by numerous physical and chemical processes. In energy-efficient buildings, modern materials are used and ventilation is controlled. These specific conditions based on energy saving considerations can have a strong impact on Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). The MERMAID project aims at chara...
Benzene is an air pollutant belonging to VOCs (Non Methananic Volatile Organic Compounds) and classified as Group I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. If monitoring emissions and ambient air concentrations of this compound is essential, automatic measurement methods of benzene in the environment are not currently fully c...
Due to their potential, electronic gas sensors networks, especially those based on metal oxide semi-conducting materials, are currently the subject of active research for many applications, including air pollution. Indoor air quality (IAQ) receives an increasing attention because of long-term occupancy of confined environments with high specific po...
In recent years, the use of kerosene space heaters as additional or principal heat source has been increasing, because these heaters allow a continuous control on the energy cost. These devices are unvented, and all combustion products are released into the room where the heaters are operated. The indoor air quality of seven private homes using wic...
In Morocco, air pollution is mainly due to road traffic and industrial sources. Until today, only standard gases such as NO, NO2 CO, SO2 and O3, as well as PM10, are continuously monitored in the Moroccan large cities. VOC measurements are very rare. This paper presents for the first time the results of measurement campaigns of BTX in a small town...
The proportion of fine and very fine particles (PM2.5 and PM1) emitted into the atmosphere has significantly increased in industrial areas, since more efficient filters towards coarse particles size fraction are set up in chimney exit facilities. These fine and very fine particles are very reactive and may represent a significant risk for human hea...
The structural, electronic and spectroscopic properties of methanediol in aqueous solutions have been studied by a combined approach based on Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations and ab initio calculations. The hydrogen bond interactions between the solute and water have been characterized, showing the important role of the solvent in the...
In France, due to the recent thermal regulation and the low emissivity standards for materials, changes are ongoing in building conceptions. The goal of the MERMAID program is to investigate Indoor Air Quality in low energy buildings through a joint experimental and modeling approach. The experimental part includes: -a preliminary campaign, to meas...
All public buildings in France have to comply with the 2011 French IAQ regulations, setting limit values of 30 μg/m3 and 5 μg/m3 for formaldehyde and benzene respectively. In this work, we conducted a campaign in 10 low energy schools to check for the compliance with the regulations, and to search for possible specific pollution patterns in LEPB. P...
La conference « Environnement Sante » qui s’est tenue a Bâle (Suisse) du 19 au 23 aout 2013 a rassemble environ 1 800 participants de plus de 70 pays. Pour la premiere fois, elle a reuni trois societes savantes : International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE), International Society of Exposure Science (ISES) et International Society of...
Our recent laboratory study has shown that kerosene space heaters are the source of gaseous pollutants with
proven adverse effects on human health, mainly nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide. We report here a pilot
study in 6 lodgings aiming at evaluating the concentration levels of these pollutants. The goals of this pilot study
were to confirm t...
The hydroxyl radical (OH) drives the oxidation of organic trace gases
that can lead to the production of ozone and secondary organic aerosols
in the atmosphere. A complete understanding of the sources and sinks of
OH is therefore important to address issues related to both air quality
and climate change. However, recent measurements of total OH rea...
Les Poêles à Pétrole (PAP) sont des appareils de chauffage
mobiles dépourvus d’évacuation des gaz brûlés vers l’extérieur,
qui peuvent engendrer des intoxications aigües ou chroniques
au monoxyde de carbone. Ils sont également soupçonnés
d’être à l’origine de problèmes respiratoires chroniques. Notre
étude a mis en évidence que les poêles à pétrole...
The emissions of regulated pollutants (CO, NOx, SO2, particles) from a light vehicle fuelled with Diesel fuel, unused and waste vegetable oils, and blends of Diesel fuel and oils were measured, as a function of engine speed. Formaldehyde emissions were also quantified, as well as the smoke opacity. The emission levels when using pure or blended oil...
Abstract Laboratory measurements of the gaseous emission factors (EF) from two recent kerosene space heaters (wick and injector) with five different fuels have been conducted in an 8-m3 environmental chamber. The two heaters tested were found to emit mainly CO2, CO, NO, NO2, and some volatile organic compounds (VOCs). NO2 is continuously emitted du...
We conducted laboratory measurements in an 8m3 environmental chamber on two kinds of kerosene space heaters (wick and injector) with four different fuels. They were found to emit mainly CO2, CO, NO, and NO2. While NO2 is continuously emitted and reaches up to 250 ppb, CO is emitted mainly during the first minutes of use, up to 21 ppm. Benzene and H...
Aqueous formaldehyde solutions of mole fraction from 0.05 to 0.20 were studied by Raman spectroscopy at temperatures up to 180 °C. The previously unreported Raman spectrum of formaldehyde under its non-hydrated form H2CO has been identified, in addition to the already known bands from methanediol CH2(OH)2 and poly(oxymethylene)glycols HO(CH2O)nH fo...
The speciated exhaust emissions of VOCs in the C2-C19 range were measured on 4 Euro-4 certified vehicles (3 diesel and 1 gasoline) equipped with a catalytic converter, according to 5 real-world driving cycles. To determine the effects of blended fuels on the emission factors, several test fuels were used: gasoline, E10 (10% of ethanol, by volume),...
The atmosphere is a multiphase reactor in which physical exchange
processes, heterogeneous reactions and photochemical reactions take
place. The oxygenated organics (formaldehyde, ethanol, acetone etc.)
present at trace concentrations into the atmosphere are known to play an
important role in atmospheric chemistry due for example to their
contribut...
Quantitative measurements of the partial vapor pressure of formaldehyde are performed above aqueous H2CO solutions of different concentrations (from 10(-5) to 0.3 molar fraction) using mass spectrometry and IR diode laser spectroscopy. Both experimental techniques allow direct probing of the gas phase concentration collected at equilibrium above th...
In this paper we demonstrate the feasibility of formaldehyde quantification inside a moving vehicle. This allows assessing the exposure of driver and passengers to this allergenic and carcinogenic pollutant in real driving conditions, and exploring the origin of the formaldehyde measured inside the vehicle. Part of the formaldehyde may be intrinsic...
La quantification du formaldéhyde dans l'air peut s'effectuer par tout un ensemble de techniques différentes, chacune étant adaptée à une problématique particulière. Cet article vise à donner un panorama des principales techniques utilisées, avec leur potentiel et leurs limitations, ainsi que leur champ d'application privilégié. En parallèle avec l...
Pollutants detection by tunable diode laser spectroscopy is
conventionally achieved by scanning the emission frequency of the laser
around an isolated absorption line of the species under investigation.
Absolute quantification relies on the comparison of the measured
absorption signal with the absorption signal of a calibrated sample at
the same pr...
Formaldehyde concentrations have been measured in the university libraries in Strasbourg (east of France). Infrared diode laser spectroscopy and a conventional DNPH-derivatization method followed by liquid chromatography coupled to UV detection have been used simultaneously for comparison purposes.The formaldehyde concentrations obtained by both th...
Stabilization of an infrared diode laser on the absorption line of a transient species has been developed in a laser flash photolysis/infrared diode laser absorption experiment used for kinetic studies. The stabilization is achieved by modulating the optical pathlength of a confocal Fabry–Perot interferometer instead of the injection current of the...
A new method for measuring trace concentrations of atmospheric pollutants by infrared diode laser spectroscopy has been devised. This method relies on the increase of the signal as the pressure inside the cell increases, while the frequency of the diode is stabilized on the line, even if it is unresolved. Performances of this method were tested wit...
The reactions of formyl (HCO) and hydroxymethyl (CH2OH) radicals with O-2 have been studied at room temperature (294 +/-2 K) using pulsed laser photolysis (PLP)/tunable diode laser (TDL) absorption spectroscopy. The formation of the stable molecular product, CO or HCH(O), has been monitored. The derived values, k(1) = (5.0 +/-0.7) x 10(-12) cm(3) m...
The rate constants for the reactions CF3O2 + NO → CF3O + NO2 (1) and CF3O + NO → products (2) have been measured at room temperature using a fast flow reactor associated with a monitoring of CF3O radicals by laser induced fluorescence (LIF); for the measurement of k1, CF3O radicals are prepared by the discharge flow technique in the reactive system...
The ν9 fundamental (OH torsion) bands of hydroxylamine NH2OH have been observed for the first time at high resolution in the 385 cm−1 region, by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. About 5000 lines belonging to ν9 and the two hot bands 2 ν9 − ν9 and 3ν − 2ν9 have been measured with an accuracy of about 0.001 cm−1. Molecular parameters have bee...
High resolution FT spectroscopy has been applied for the first time to the detection of short- lived species in the far infrared region. It has allowed us to measure the rotational spectrum of OH, SH, and $NH_{2}$, as well as the vibrational spectrum of hydroxylamine $NH_{2}OH$ in the region of the torsion mode $\nu_{9}$ (band center at $386 cm^{-1...
Four new hot bands of HNSi, 2ν1−ν1, ν1+ν3−ν3, 2ν1+ν3−(ν1+ν3), and ν1+ν2−ν2, are observed in emission from a radio frequency excited plasma with a high resolution Fourier transform interferometer. The equilibrium rotational and vibrational parameters are determined for the first time. About 400 lines positions, including improved data on the ν1 band...
The emission spectrum of a plasma of silane and nitrogen, excited by a radio frequency discharge, has been recorded with a high resolution Fourier transform spectrometer. We report here the first observation by IR spectroscopy of the X ^2 Sigma^+ (v=1, 2) and A ^2 Pi_i (v=2, 3, 4) vibrational levels of ^{28}Si^{14}N, through the observation of 724...
1. Summary The reaction of hydroxyl radicals with toluene in a large excess of O2 or N2 has been studied in a Fast Flow Reactor at a pressure of 15 Torr. OH radicals have been detected by resonance fluorescence, formation of products has been observed by Laser Induced Fluorescence. LIF signals increased strongly when N2 was replaced by O2, indicati...
