Belmiro Freitas de Salles

Federal University of Rio de Janeiro | UFRJ · Laboratório de Pesquisa em Treinamento de Força

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are sex differences in strength, power, and muscular endurance gains following a 12-week kettlebell swing protocol. Twenty-eight men (29.4 ± 7.3 years; 176.4 ± 6.2 cm; 80.1 ± 11.0 kg; 146.0 ± 22.3 kg in deadlift; 1.8 ± 0.2 kg/body mass deadlift relative strength) and 25 women (32.3 ± 5.5 ye...

Background. Grip performance is a fundamental attribute in grappling sports. Problem and aim. Concurrent training may impact physical function and thus sport-specific training performance. We investigated whether resistance training (RT) exercise order affected repetition performance and rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and quantified the impact...

The purpose of this study was to compare a periodized versus a non-periodized protocol of kettlebell (KTB) swings over six weeks on strength, power, and muscular endurance. Twenty-eight high intensity functional training (HIFT) practitioners were assigned to non-periodized (NPG = 11), periodized (PG = 11), or control groups (CG = 6). NPG used the s...

Strength training (ST) has been studied for acute and chronic effects on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV). These effects have never been reviewed collectively concerning the variables that comprise a ST program. Therefore, this review aims to examine the manipulation of ST variables (i.e., load intensity, number of sets and repe...

The objectives of this paper were to: (a) systematically review studies that explored the effects of exercise order (EO) on muscular strength and/or hypertrophy; (b) pool their results using a meta-analysis; and (c) provide recommendations for the prescription of EO in resistance training (RT) programmes. A literature search was performed in four d...

An individual’s training status is a key factor used to determine the volume, the intensity, and the selection of exercises for resistance training pre- scription. Interestingly, there are no objective parameters to assess train- ing status, so there is ambiguity in determining the appropriate volume and other resistance training variables in this...

Specialized resistance training techniques (e.g., drop-set, rest-pause) are commonly used by well-trained subjects for maximizing muscle hypertrophy. Most of these techniques were designed to allow a greater training volume (i.e., total repetitions x load), due to the supposition that it elicits greater muscle mass gains. However, many studies that...

Objective The purpose of this study was to verify the acute effects of different exercise orders and rest intervals between sets on young athletes performance. Method Sixteen young male football players (73.2 ± 4.8 kg, 177.5± 5.1 cm, BMI 23.2 ±1.1, 19.8 ± 0.9 years) completed six experimental strength training (ST) sessions with different exercise...

Bodybuilding is a sport that requires adequate training strategies in order to maximize skeletal muscle hypertrophy. The purpose of the present review was to perform a narrative assessment of the training routines designed for muscle hypertrophy used by bodybuilders. A search was carried out in the databases Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scielo, EBSCO, LILACS, S...

Simão, R, Polito, M, de Salles, BF, Marinho, DA, Garrido, ND, Santos Junior, ERT, and Willardson, JM. Acute and long-term comparison of fixed vs. self-selected rest interval between sets on upper-body strength. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The effects of different rest interval durations between sets has been widely studied, but only re...

Background: The importance of strength in Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) has inspired several recommendations of resistance training (RT) in BJJ athletes, yet little is known about their responses to different RT approaches. Thus, we aimed to investigate volume, efficiency, and fatigue responses in two popular RT protocols. Methods: In a randomized cro...

Mannarino, P, Matta, T, Lima, J, Simão, R, and Freitas de Salles, B. Single-Joint Exercise Results in Higher Hypertrophy of Elbow Flexors Than Multijoint Exercise. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-Recent data suggest that single-joint exercises are unnecessary to maximize the resistance training (RT) results in novice to advanced individual...

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos del programa de ejercicios físicos, propuesto en los gimnasios de la tercera edad, sobre la composición corporal y capacidad funcional de ancianos. Método: En el presente estudio participaron 54 hombres ancianos (67.7 ± 5.7 años, 1.7 ± 0.1 m, 75.1 ± 12.2 kg, 27.2 ± 4.3 kg.m-2) sin ninguna disfunción cognitiva,...

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(4): 657-665, 2019. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of different orders of exercises in circuit training on strength and functional fitness in older women over a 12-week period. After 10 repetition maximum (10-RM) and functional fitness baseline testing, thirty older women were randoml...

Objectives: The purposes of this study were a) to analyze the hemodynamic responses of two methods of resistance training (vascular occlusion vs. traditional) and, b) to demonstrate the effectiveness of vascular occlusion training method on the regulation of blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. Methods: Ten men of middle age (44.9±5.1 years, 83...

Introdução: No envelhecimento ocorrem declínios estruturais e funcionais que podem afetar a independência física. O treinamento de força (TF) é capaz de promover melhoras neste quesito, entretanto, poucos experimentos investigaram a influencia da frequência semanal. Objetivo: verificar a influência da frequência semanal do TF sobre o desempenho fun...

Resistance training is the most effective method to increase muscle mass. It has also been shown to promote many health benefits. Although it is deemed safe and of clinical relevance for treating and preventing a vast number of diseases, a time-efficient and minimal dose of exercise has been the focus of a great number of research studies. Similarl...

Objectives: The purposes of this study were a) to analyze the hemodynamic responses of two methods of resistance training (vascular occlusion vs. traditional) and, b) to demonstrate the effectiveness of vascular occlusion training method on the regulation of blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. Methods: Ten men of middle age (44.9±5.1 years, 83...

Introdução: A população idosa eleva-se gradativamente intensificando a necessidade de políticas públicas. Objetivo: Avaliar a aptidão física do idoso ingressante nas Academias da Terceira idade (ATIs). Métodos: Cento e cinco homens idosos (68,91 ± 5,26 anos; 1,67 ± 0,05 m; 73,73 ± 9,39 kg; 26,96 ± 3,29 kg/m2) foram organizados em grupos de acordo c...

Background: Manual resistance training (MRT) is a low cost and practically applicable alternative form of resistance training that is ideal for weight rooms with limited equipment. The aim of this study was to compare the acute and sub acute hemodynamic responses between MRT and free weight resistance training (FWRT) in normotensive (NT) and hyper...

The aim of the study was to determine the acute systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate (HR) responses following two intense training sessions (24 hours apart). Nine male extreme conditioning program (ECP) practitioners with more than 6 months of experience (age 26.7 ± 6.6 years; body mas...

Purpose: Quadriceps strength and patellar tendon (PT) are directly linked and intimately related to daily activities and lower limb function. However, the correlation between knee extension torque (KT) and PT Young's modulus (E) measured directly is still unknown. Method: We used supersonic shearwave imaging (SSI) to evaluate the elastic propert...

BACKGROUND: Endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation are both positively associated to states of excessive adiposity but reports on the acute effects of resistance exercise on these variables are still lacking. We evaluated these acute effects of resistance exercise on vascular reactivity and on the inflammatory profile in young women. M...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern of blood pressure during different moments of recovery from two 10 RM tests in hypertensive women. Twenty sedentary women subjects with hypertension (56.9 ± 7.4 yrs; 69.6 ± 15.6 kg; 1.52 ± 5.3 m) underwent familiarization sessions and two 10 repetition maximum test (10 RM) in the bench press and...

The aim of this study was to compare the acute effect of resistance exercise (RE) with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on heart rate (HR), double product (DP), oxygen saturation (SpO2) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Twenty-four men (21·79 ± 3·21 years) performed three experimental protocols in a random order (crossover): (i) high-...

Figueiredo, T, Willardson, JM, Miranda, H, Bentes, CM, Machado Reis, V, Freitas de Salles, B, and Simão, R. Influence of rest interval length between sets on blood pressure and heart rate variability after a strength training session performed by prehypertensive men. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1813-1824, 2016-The purposes of this study were to comp...

Introduction: Prescription of resistance training (RT) is increasing among teenagers, requiring further studies to investigate the effects on this population. Objective: To examine the different orders on exercises sequence and its influence on the number of repetitions in teenager. Methods: Participated in the study 12 voluntarily male teenagers (...

This study examined the influence of exercise order on one repetition maximum (1-RM) and 10-RM load determination. Ten trained men participated in this study. The data were collected in two phases: Determination of 1-RM and 10-RM loads for the bench press (BP), leg press (LP), machine lat pull-down (LPD), free-weight shoulder press (SP), standing f...

In its last position stand about strength training, the American College of Sports Medicine recommends a rest interval (RI) between sets ranging between 1 and 3 min, varying in accordance with the objective. However, there is no consensus regarding the optimal recovery between sets, and most studies have investigated fixed intervals. Therefore, the...

Introdução: O método alternado por segmento consiste na realização alternada de exercícios para membros superiores e inferiores. Objetivo: Analisar o efeito da ordem de execução de séries alternadas por segmento comparadas a séries tradicionais sobre o desempenho de repetições máximas, nos exercícios supino reto (SR) e leg press inclinado (LP). Mat...

Figueiredo T, Miranda H, Willardson JM, Schneider A, de Salles BF, Spineti J, Paz GA, Santana H, Simão R. Influence of Exercise Order on One and Ten Repetition Maximum Loads Determination. JEPonline 2016;19(2):84-90. This study examined the influence of exercise order on one repetition maximum (1-RM) and 10-RM load determination. Ten trained men pa...

The effects of low-intensity resistance exercise combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) on blood pressure are an important factor to be considered due to the acute responses imposed by training. The aim of this study was to compare the hypotensive effect of resistance exercise (RE) performed with and without BFR in normotensive young subjects....

Resumo Introdução: A ordem dos exercícios pode afetar significativamente o desempe-nho de força muscular. Objetivo: Comparar o desempenho de repetições máxi-mas e percepção subjetiva de esforço adotando diferentes ordens de exercícios. Métodos: Trinta e seis homens destreinados (27,86 ± 2,89 anos) realizaram duas sessões, a saber: SEQA – com a segu...

To compare the hypotensive effect and performance responses between different resistance training intensities and different exercise orders in apparently healthy women, thirteen apparently healthy women performed four resistance training sessions in randomized order. One group performed the resistance training exercises with 60% of 1RM (SeqA60%): l...

Low-intensity resistance exercise (RE) combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) has been shown to promote similar increases in strength and hypertrophy as traditional high intensity RE without BFR. However, the effect of BFR on the acute post-exercise hypotensive response has received limited examination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was...

Effects of Resistance Training Frequency on Strength Gains. JEPonline 2015;18(1):37-45. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of different training frequencies on strength gains in untrained males after 8 months of resistance training. Forty-five middle-age men were randomly assigned to one of 3 training groups: 2 (G2; n = 18)...

Background: Few studies have investigated the interaction between exercise order and periodized resistance training. Research Question: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects and interaction of exercise order and periodization training on maximum strength and muscle thickness (MT) after 12 weeks of resistance training. Type of study:...

Objetivo: Verificar o efeito de tres diferentes intervalos de recuperacao (um, tres e cinco minutos) no teste de dez repeticoes maximas (10RM) no supino reto. Metodo: Onze homens (24,1 ± 4,3 anos) com experiencia minima de um ano de treinamento de forca realizaram cinco visitas ao laboratorio. Nas visitas I e II, efetuaram-se o teste e o reteste de...

Objective: Magnitude and duration of the hypotensive response after a strength training (ST) session may in part depend on the manipulation of ST variables. This review examines the effect of the ST variables on the hypotensive response after a ST session. Data sources: Thirty-two studies were included in this review. Studies concerning the post-ex...

The several American College of Sports Medicine position stands presents scientific evidences that the effects of the exercises on health are unquestionable. The regular physical exercises practice is associated to physical and mental benefits in men and women. Effects as mortality and morbidity reductions, lifestyle change, bone mineral density an...

From the several methodological prescription variables manipulations possibilities originated the various strength training (ST) methods or systems. The propose of the present study was to review the literature of original studies that analyzed the ST methods and systems, their methodologies and practical applications. Based on the analysis of 20 o...

This study compared two different rest intervals (RI) between sets of resistance exercise. Ten resistance-trained men (M age = 24.3, SD = 3.5 yr.; M weigh t= 80.0 kg, SD = 15.3; M height = 1.75 m, SD = 0.04) performed five sets of Smith machine bench presses at 60% of one repetition maximum, either with 1.5 min. or 3 min. RI between sets. Their rep...

The purpose of this study was to compare different rest intervals between sets on repetition consistency and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during consecutive bench press sets with an absolute 3RM load. Sixteen trained men (23.75 ± 4.21 years; 74.63 ± 5.36 kg; 175 ± 4.64 cm; bench press relative strength: 1.44 ± 0.19 kg/kg of body mass) attend...

INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos comparando modelos de periodização em sequências de treinamento resistido (TR) realizadas do menor para o maior grupo muscular sobre as alterações musculares em indivíduos destreinados em TR são escassos. OBJETIVO: Comparar o efeito da periodização ondulatória (PO) e da periodização linear (PL) sobre a força máxima e hipertrofia...

This study aimed to investigate the role of exercise order on total number of repetitions and to evaluate the possible importance on muscle damage and on rating perceived exertion (RPE). Ten trained participants completed two sequences: sequence A (SEQA) was leg press (LP), leg extension (LE), leg curl (LC), bench press (BP), shoulder press (SP), a...

Adequate levels of strength and flexibility are important for the promotion and maintenance of health and functional autonomy as well as safe and effective sports participation. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of 8 weeks of strength training with or without inter-set static stretching on strength, flexibility and hormonal ad...

The aim of this study was to examine acute hormonal responses after different sequences of an upper-body resistance-exercise session. Twenty men completed 2 sessions (3 sets; 70% 1-repetition maximum; 2 min passive rest between sets) of the same exercises in opposite sequences (larger to smaller vs. smaller to larger muscle-group exercises). Total...

The aim of this study was to examine acute hormonal responses after different sequences of an upper-body resistance-exercise session. Twenty men completed 2 sessions (3 sets; 70% 1-repetition maximum; 2 min passive rest between sets) of the same exercises in opposite sequences (larger to smaller vs. smaller to larger muscle-group exercises). Total...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nonlinear periodized (NLP) and linear periodized (LP) resistance training (RT) on muscle thickness (MT) and strength, measured by an ultrasound technique and 1 repetition maximum (1RM), respectively. Thirty untrained men were randomly assigned to 3 groups: NLP (n = 11, age: 30.2 ± 1.1 years, h...

Resistance training (RT) is now an integral component of a well rounded exercise programme. For a correct training prescription, it is of the utmost importance to understand the interaction among training variables, such as the load, volume, rest interval between sets and exercises, frequency of sessions, exercise modality, repetition velocity and,...

The purpose of this study was to compare repetition performance and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) with 1-, 3-, or 5-minute rest intervals between sets of multi and single-joint resistance exercises. Fifteen resistance trained men (23.6 ± 2.64 years, 76.46 ± 7.53 kg, 177 ± 6.98 cm, bench press [BP] relative strength: 1.53 ± 0.25 kg·kg(-1) body...

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different exercise orders on the local muscular endurance of trained women. Methods. Nineteen women with a minimum of two years experience in resistance training volunteered to participate in the study (age 27.68 ± 5.24 years; body mass 60.31 ± 7.50 kg; height 161.83 ± 7.05 cm; bo...

Strength training generates alterations in muscle geometry, which can be monitored by imaging techniques as, for example, the ultrasound (US) technique. There is no consensus about the homogeneity of hypertrophy in different muscle sites. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the muscle thickness (MT) and pennation angle (PA) in 3 dif...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute hormonal response to resistance training sessions with different volumes in men. Ten recreationally trained men (24.5±7.6 years; 76.2±9.2 kg; 175.6±1.5 cm; 24.5±5.5 kg/m(-2)) participated in the study. All subjects completed two experimental protocols with different volumes. The first protocol...

The objective of this study was to verify the effect of 2 periodized resistance training (RT) methods on the evolution of 1-repetition maximum (1RM) and 8RM loads. Twenty resistance trained men were randomly assigned to 2 training groups: linear periodization (LP) group and daily undulating periodization (DUP) group. The subjects were tested at bas...

The purpose of this study was to examine the strength and flexibility gains after isolated or simultaneous strength and flexibility training after 16 weeks. Eighty sedentary women were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: strength training (ST; n = 20), flexibility training (FLEX) (n = 20), combination of both (ST + FLEX; n = 20) and control group (...

Resumo: O intervalo entre séries no treinamento de força (TF) muscular tem influência direta sobre o volume de treinamento. O estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito da utilização de 2 minutos de intervalo entre séries nos exercícios supino horizontal (SUP) e tríceps pulley (TRI) sobre o número de repetições máximas (RM) realizado com cargas d...

Resistance training (RT) has been one effective device for health promotion and improvement of functional capacity of paraplegics. However, the limited number of studies on the influence of RT for this population somehow restricts the possibilities for application of this practice. The aim of this study was to carry on a review on the benefits of R...

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a carga deslocada por mulheres durante o teste de 1RM com ou sem privação visual. Onze mulheres jovens e treinadas em exercícios de força realizaram sessões de testes para os exercícios: supino horizontal (SH), leg-press 45º (LP) e puxada de frente (PF). Foram realizados testes de 1RM sem privação visual ou test...

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of exercise order on strength and muscle volume (MV) after 12 weeks of nonlinear periodized resistance training. The participants were randomly assigned into 3 groups. One group began performing large muscle group exercises and progressed to small muscle group exercises (LG-SM), whereas another...

The purpose of this study was to compare the postexercise hypotensive response after different rest intervals between sets (1 and 2 minutes) in normotense older men. Seventeen older men (67.6 ± 2.2 years) with at least 1 year of strength training experience participated. After determination of 10 repetition maximum (10RM) loads for exercises, subje...

The present study is the first to examine whether moderately intense resistance training improves flexibility in an exclusively young, sedentary women population. Twenty-four, young, sedentary women were divided into 3 groups as follows: agonist/antagonist (AA) training group, alternated strength training (AST) group, or a control group (CG). Train...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the short-term (5 g.kg-1 to 1 week) and long-term (1 g.kg-1 to 4-8 weeks) creatine supplementation (Cr) on the Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenaze (LDH) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) plasmatic concentrations of sedentary and exercised (swimming to 80% of the tolerated maximum lo...

It is speculated that exercise training decreases resting levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and C-reactive protein (CRP); reduces body mass and leptin (LP); and increases adiponectin (AD) and insulin sensitivity. This systematic review analyzed the effectiveness of resistance training (RT) longitudinal clinical studies on AD, LP, CR...

The purpose of this study was to compare repetition performance when resting 1 minute vs. 3 minutes between sets and exercises for an upper-body workout performed in 2 different sequences. Sixteen recreationally trained men completed 4 experimental resistance exercise sessions. All sessions consisted of 3 sets with an 8-repetition maximum load for...

The purpose of the current study was to compare serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations at multiple time points after resistance exercise sessions that incorporated different rest intervals between sets and exercises. Twenty untrained men (18.65+/-0.49 years, 68.30+/-7.98 kg, and 174.4+/-4.80 cm) performed 2 resist...