Beatriz Gil-Gómez de Liaño

Brigham and Women's Hospital | BWH · Psychology

Visual foraging is a variant of visual search, consisting of searching for an undetermined number of targets among distractors (e.g., looking for various LEGO pieces in a box). Under non-exhaustive tasks, the observer scans the display, picking those targets needed, not necessarily all of them, before leaving the search. To understand how the organ...

Introduction Inattentional Blindness (IB) is the failure to notice an unexpected, usually salient stimulus while immersed in a different, often demanding attentional task. More than just a laboratory curiosity, IB is an important phenomenon to understand because it may be related to real-world errors such as missed “incidental findings” in medical...

In hybrid foraging, observers search for multiple instances of multiple target types. Children regularly perform such tasks (e.g., collecting LEGO pieces or looking for different teammates within a game). Quitting rules (When do you leave the search?) are important in foraging (e.g., I found enough LEGOs or teammates). However, the development of q...

In hybrid foraging, observers search for multiple exemplars of multiple targets (e.g. look for yellow and purple perler-beads in the handicrafts box). Adults can perform hybrid searches for, literally, hundreds of different target objects. How does this ability to handle memory load develop during childhood? We compared performance under different...

Daily classroom activities that require children to perform visual search (VS) tasks are common across all educational levels: from searching for a missing piece of a puzzle in kindergarten to solving equations in college. However, VS tasks are often not performed in isolation, but rather students are maintaining information related to an ongoing t...

Visual search (VS) is a fundamental task in daily life widely studied for over half a century. A variant of the classic paradigm—searching one target among distractors—requires the observer to look for several (undetermined) instances of a target (so-called foraging) or several targets that may appear an undefined number of times (recently named as...

Dishonesty has an enormous impact on all aspects of our society. It causes huge financial losses annually, so efforts to understand dishonest behavior have increased. However, one of the main questions yet to be answered is whether dishonesty varies according to gender. Do men behave more dishonestly than women? Although the literature points to a...

Experimental studies of dishonesty usually rely on population-level analyses, which compare the distribution of claimed rewards in an unsupervised, self-administered lottery (e.g., tossing a coin) with the expected lottery statistics (e.g., 50/50 chance of winning). Here, we provide a paradigm that measures dishonesty at the individual level and id...

Most studies of visual search across the life span have focused on classic feature and conjunction searches in which observers search for a fixed, simple shape target among relatively homogeneous distractors over a block of multiple trials. In the present study, we examine a more realistic task in which participants (4 to 25 years-old) look for ima...

We studied how hybrid foraging could be related to fluid intelligence. The results showed that higher fluid intelligence scores had better performance in hybrid foraging task.

According to the literature, individual investors rarely use Accounting and Financial Information (AFI), even though they do not give it a particularly low valuation when asked. This behavior increases the risk to lose investments. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a new AFI format: a one-page report that is short and easy to unders...

A systematic review of the most used models on fpraging and multi-target visual search.

There is extensive empirical evidence that Working Memory (WM) representations can bias selection in Visual Search (VS) tasks (reviewed in Soto & Humphreys, 2014). Less has been said about the guidance of attention in VS by the contents of Long Term Memory (LTM), but some studies have shown effects from LTM representations on VS (e.g. Olivers, 2011...

The effects of concurrent working memory load in attentional processes have been 1 of the most puzzling issues in cognitive psychology. Studies have shown detrimental effects, no effects, and even beneficial effects of working memory load in different attentional tasks. In the present study we attempted to replicate Kim, Kim, and Chun's (2005, Expe...

Policy makers use several international indices that characterize countries according to the quality of their institutions. However, no effort has been made to study how the honesty of citizens varies across countries. This paper explores the honesty among citizens across sixteen countries with 1440 participants. We employ a very simple task where...

Policy makers use several international indices that characterize countries according to the quality of their institutions. However, no effort has been made to study how the honesty of citizens varies across countries. This paper explores the honesty among citizens across sixteen countries with 1440 participants. We employ a very simple task where...

Clear empirical evidence has been found on how significant changes to a person’s environment can alter their behaviour. This is important when considering investments made on the stock exchange as the variations that occur in stock market prices are frequent and continuous. This study analyses the role instability has on individual investors’ behav...

It is still unclear how working memory representations bias attentional selection in visual search and, specifically, how that bias affects top-down and/or bottom-up guidance in search. Researchers studying the influence of Working Memory (WM) load in visual search have found some discrepant data, sometimes showing a WM modulation (e.g. Oh & Kim, 2...

Recent empirical evidence shows that working in an unsupervised, isolated situation under competition, can increase dishonest behavior to achieve prestige. However, could working in a common space, in the presence of colleagues affect cheating? Here, we examine how familiar-peer influence, supervision and social incentives affect worker performance...

Many theories in cognitive psychology have proposed that working memory (WM) plays a central role in visual search (VS). Tasks evaluating the role of WM in VS have generally used dual-task paradigms where VS tasks are performed with or without a WM load that is passively maintained. Under these circumstances, previous research has found that the VS...

Understanding financial markets and investors' behavior is one of the biggest objectives in finance. However, most of the research obtained conclusions about individual investors, but they are not studying real individual investors' behavior: they analyzed stock price evolution or used aggregate investor data that essentially belongs to founds and...

The present paper examines the effects of memory contents and memory load in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) speeded tasks, trying to explain previous inconsistent results. We used a one target (Experiment 1) and a two-target (Experiment 2) RSVP task with a concurrent memory load of one or four items, in a dual-task paradigm. A relation bet...

Title: The Delphi Method as a technique to study Validity of Content. Abstract: Finding procedures that may guarantee high levels of validity is one of the big challenges in methods in psychology nowadays. In the pre- sent study, we show the Delphi method as a technique to study the validity of content. This method shows an important advantage rega...

Although there have been several attempts to explore for beneficial effects of research participation in social sciences, most of them have mainly explored satisfaction and students learning perceptions (e.g., Bowman & Waite, 2003). Very few works have studied learning by measuring exam performance. Moreover, participation has been usually conceptu...

The ININBE questionnaire has been recently validated in order to measure the variables that affect individual investor behavior in stock exchange. The lack of information about the methodology, items selection and psychometric properties of the instruments used in other researches has shown the necessary to elaborate and validate a questionnaire. I...

La escala ININBE, recientemente validada, ha dado respuesta a la necesidad de un instrumento de medición de las variables que utilizan los inversores individuales en su proceso de toma de decisiones, ya que en la mayoría de los estudios no se detalla la metodología empleada para la selección de los ítems que conforman los cuestionarios ni las propi...

The effects of memory load in visual search (VS) have shown a diversity of results from the absence through beneficial and detrimental effects of a concurrent memory load in VS performance. One of the hypotheses intended to explain the heterogeneity of results follows the idea proposed by certain models in the context of VS that the contents of wor...

Illusory conjunctions in the time domain are binding errors for features from stimuli presented sequentially but in the same spatial position. A similar experimental paradigm is employed for the attentional blink (AB), an impairment of performance for the second of two targets when it is presented 200-500 msec after the first target. The analysis o...

The detrimental effect of increased memory load on selective attention has been demonstrated in many situations. However, in search tasks over time using RSVP methods, it is not clear how memory load affects attentional processes; no effects as well as beneficial and detrimental effects of memory load have been found in these types of tasks. The ma...

A reduction in congruency effects under working memory (WM) load has been previously described using different attentional paradigms (e.g., Kim, Kim, & Chun, 2005; Smilek, Enns, Eastwood, & Merikle, 2006). One hypothesis is that different types of WM load have different effects on attentional selection, depending on whether a specific memory load d...

It remains unclear how memory load affects attentional processes in visual search (VS). No effects, as well as beneficial and detrimental effects of memory load, have been found in this type of task. The main goal of the present research was to explore whether memory load has a modulating effect on VS by means of a different attentional set induced...

Development and validation of a questionnaire about the main variables affecting the individual investor's behavior in the Stock Exchange. There is a considerable lack of information about the methodology usually used in most of the studies about individual investor's behavior. The studies reviewed do not show the method used in the selection of th...

(Rapid Serial Visual Presentation, RSVP) can migrate forming a wrong combination or illusory conjunction. Several serial and parallel models have been proposed to explain the generation of this type of errors. The behavioral results fit better the two-stage parallel model than other serial and parallel models. However, they have not been studied th...

The present article provides an update of the meta-analysis by Verhaeghen and De Meersman1 with the aim of clarifying the inconsistencies found in their results. We included all studies on differences in negative priming and aging in the analysis: the studies published up to 1997 included by Verhaeghen and De Meersman (21 on identity and 8 on locat...

The present article provides an update of the meta-analysis by Verhoeghen and De Meersman with the aim of clarifying the inconsistencies found in their results. We included all studies on differences in negative priming and aging in the analysis: the studies published up to 1997 included by Verhaeghen and De Meersman (21 on identity and 8 on locati...

Dentro de los estudios en los que se ha analizado la información relevante para el análisis del comportamiento de los inversores individuales en los mercados bursátiles, hemos encontrado, en términos generales, una enorme falta de información sobre las herramientas utilizadas para la recogida de datos. Debido a la relevancia que está adquiriendo la...

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Social y Metodología. Fecha de lectura: 18/03/2010