Bas W G van Rhijn

Bas W G van Rhijn
Netherlands Cancer Institute · Division of Surgical Oncology

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290
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Publications

Publications (290)
Article
Introduction and objective Imiquimod (IQ) is an immunomodulator used in the management of penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN) lesions. However, IQ treatment may be associated with bothersome side effects (SEs). To date, studies reporting on this morbidity and evaluating predictors of response to IQ are scarce and included small cohorts. The pri...
Conference Paper
22.1 Introductie Blaaskankerpatiënten die na cystectomie (RC) pathologisch klierpositief zijn (pN+), hebben een slechtere overall survival (OS) dan patiënten zonder aangedane klieren (pN0). Tot op heden is echter onbekend óf en, zo ja, in welke mate het pathologisch T(pT)-stadium een prognostische factor voor 5-jaarsoverleving (5j-OS) is. Wij onder...
Article
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Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide. In approximately 25% of cases, it presents as a muscle-invasive disease, requiring a radical treatment. Traditionally, the mainstay of treatment has been radical cystectomy (RC), but in the last decade, bladder-sparing treatments have been gaining growing interest. In pa...
Article
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Objectives: Perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) has been associated with worse survival after radical cystectomy (RC) in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Here, we evaluated the association between PBT and survival after RC that was preceded by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 9...
Article
4593 Background: In the NABUCCO trial, pre-operative ipilimumab (ipi) + nivolumab (nivo) was studied in patients (pts) with stage III (cT3-4aN0M0 or cT1-4aN1-3M0) urothelial cancer (UC). In cohort 1 (C1), 11/24 pts (46%) achieved complete pathological response (ypT0N0). In cohort 2 (C2), two ipi/nivo dosing regimens were studied in 30 additional pt...
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Background: Follow-up after radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer can be divided into oncological and functional surveillance. It remains unclear how follow-up after RC should ideally be scheduled. The aim of this report was to gain insight into the organization of follow-up after RC in Europe, for which we conducted a roundtable inventory wit...
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A re-transurethral resection of the bladder (re-TURB) is a well-established approach in managing non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) for various reasons: repeat-TURB is recommended for a macroscopically incomplete initial resection, restaging-TURB is required if the first resection was macroscopically complete but contained no detrusor muscl...
Article
INTRODUCTION: Cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the standard of care for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). Cisplatin, however, can induce renal toxicity. Furthermore, RC is an independent risk factor for renal injury, with decreases in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)...
Article
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Introduction Studies that assessed the efficacy of pre-operative immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in locally advanced urothelial cancer of the bladder showed encouraging pathological complete response rates, suggesting that a bladder-sparing approach may be a viable option in a subset of patients. Chemoradiation is an alternative for radical cystec...
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Urothelial carcinoma (UC), the sixth most common cancer in Western countries, includes upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and bladder carcinoma (BC) as the most common cancers among UCs (90–95%). BC is the most common cancer and can be a highly heterogeneous disease, including both non-muscle-invasive (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive (MIBC) forms w...
Article
Background: Grading of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) according to the current World Health Organization (WHO) criteria is controversial due to its limited prognostic value. All MIBC cases except a tiny minority are of high grade. Objective: To develop a prognostic histological scoring system for MIBC integrating histomorphological phenot...
Article
Context: Haematuria can be macroscopic (visible haematuria [VH]) or microscopic (nonvisible haematuria [NVH]), and may be caused by a number of underlying aetiologies. Currently, in case of haematuria, cystoscopy is the standard diagnostic tool to screen the entire bladder for malignancy. Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to...
Article
Purpose: Patients with advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma have a poor prognosis (21% 2-year overall survival [OS] from diagnosis). We assessed the activity of atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) in patients with advanced penile cancer, with or without radiotherapy (RT). Patients and methods: A single-center, nonrandomized phase II study with two trea...
Article
Background: Although a plethora of urine markers for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with bladder cancer (BC) has been developed and studied, the clinical impact of urine testing on patient management remains unclear. The goal of this manuscript is to identify scenarios for a potential use of modern point-of-care (POC) urine marker assays in t...
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Full-text available
Objective To provide insight into the use and staging information on lymph‐node involvement added by fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG‐PET/CT) in patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), based on a nationwide population‐based cohort study. Patients and methods We analysed a nationwide cohort of pa...
Article
Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the differential stage-dependent outcomes of patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 1422 patients with cT2-4N0 MIBC treated with RC, with/without cisplatin-based NAC, from our multicenter coop...
Article
Purpose of review: A summary of recent literature to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of systemic perioperative treatment combinations for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Recent findings: We discuss recent developments in standard and experimental treatment modalities. The VESPER trial has shown that six cycles of neo...
Article
Background: Grade of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is an important prognostic factor for progression. Currently, two World Health Organization (WHO) classification systems (WHO1973, categories: grade 1-3, and WHO2004 categories: papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential [PUNLMP], low-grade [LG], high-grade [HG] carcinom...
Article
Grade is a key prognostic factor in determining progression in nonmuscle invasive papillary urothelial carcinomas. The 2 most common grading methods in use worldwide are the World Health Organization (WHO) 2004 and 1973 schemes. The International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) organized the 2022 consensus conference in Basel, Switzerland on...
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Background and Objectives: To date, sparse evidence exists about the impact of inflammatory serum markers in predicting perioperative complications after radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer (BC). Here, we evaluated the role of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), sy...
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Occult lymph node (LN)-metastases are frequently found after upfront radical cystectomy (uRC) for bladder cancer (BC). We evaluated whether the implementation of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) influenced nodal staging at uRC. All consecutive BC patients who underwent uRC with bilateral pel...
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Background: There are currently no guideline recommendations regarding the treatment of cisplatin-ineligible, clinically lymph node-positive (cN+) bladder cancer (BCa). Objective: To investigate the oncological efficacy of gemcitabine/carboplatin induction chemotherapy (IC) in comparison to cisplatin-based regimens in cN+ BCa. Design setting an...
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Background: We assessed a wide array of body composition parameters to identify those most relevant as prognostic tools for patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) due to bladder cancer (BC). Methods: In this retrospective, single-center study, preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans of 657 patients were measured at the level of the 3rd...
Article
Context: The European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines panel on upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) has updated the guidelines to aid clinicians in evidence-based management of UTUC. Objective: To provide an overview of the EAU guidelines on UTUC as an aid to clinicians. Evidence acquisition: The recommendations provided in...
Article
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Objectives To evaluate variant histologies (VHs) for disease‐specific survival (DSS) in patients with invasive urothelial bladder cancer (BCa) undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). Materials and Methods We analysed a multi‐institutional cohort of 1082 patients treated with upfront RC for cT1‐4aN0M0 urothelial BCa at eight centres. Univariable and mu...
Article
Purpose: While the presence of residual disease at the time of radical cystectomy for bladder cancer is an established prognostic indicator, controversy remains regarding the importance of maximal transurethral resection prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We characterized the influence of maximal transurethral resection on pathological and surviva...
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Cohort 1 of the phase 1B NABUCCO trial showed high pathological complete response (pCR) rates with preoperative ipilimumab plus nivolumab in stage III urothelial cancer (UC). In cohort 2, the aim was dose adjustment to optimize responses. Additionally, we report secondary endpoints, including efficacy and tolerability, in cohort 2 and the associati...
Article
Background: There are currently no guideline recommendations regarding the treatment of cisplatin-ineligible, clinically lymph node–positive (cN+) bladder cancer (BCa). Objective: To investigate the oncological efficacy of gemcitabine/carboplatin induction chemotherapy (IC) in comparison to cisplatin-based regimens in cN+ BCa. Design, setting, and...
Article
Introduction: Urachal adenocarcinoma (UrAC) is a very rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. The role of preoperative serum tumor markers (STMs) in UrAC is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical value of elevated STMs including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), and cancer a...
Article
Introduction and objectives: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is increasingly used in the preoperative staging of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The clinical added value of FDG-PET/CT in high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is unknown. In this study, the value of FD...
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Context: Bladder recurrences have been reported in 22-47% of patients after surgery for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). This collaborative review focuses on risk factors for and treatment strategies to reduce bladder recurrences after upper tract surgery for UTUC. Objective: To review the current evidence on risk factors and tre...
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Radical nephroureterectomy (NUE) is the gold standard treatment for high-risk urothelial cancer of the upper urinary tract (UTUC). Besides sarcopenia and frailty, fat distribution is moving increasingly into focus. Components of body composition were assessed in patients undergoing NUE due to UTUC. The study cohort included 142 patients. By using C...
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Background Penile cancer (PeCa) is rare, and the survival of patients with advanced disease remains poor. A better understanding of where treatment fails could aid the development of new treatment strategies. Objective To describe the disease course after pelvic lymph node (LN) treatment for PeCa. Design, setting, and participants We retrospectiv...
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Background: Quality of Life (QoL) of bladder cancer patients has been largely neglected. This is partly due to the lack of well-validated QoL questionnaires. The aim of this study is to examine the structural validity, reliability (i.e., internal consistency and test-retest reliability), construct validity (i.e., divergent validity and known group...
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BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant/induction chemotherapy (NAIC) improves survival in patients with muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC). On-treatment response assessment may aid in decisions to continue or cease NAIC. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT) could predic...
Article
Introduction and objectives To evaluate the impact of the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score on perioperative morbidity and oncological outcomes of bladder cancer (BC) patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC). Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed a multi-institutional cohort of 347 patients treated with RC for clinical-...
Article
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Purpose Cisplatin-based chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy (RC) is recommended in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, up to 50% of patients are cisplatin ineligible. The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes after ≥ 3 cycles of preoperative gemcitabine–carboplatin (gem–carbo) versus gemcitabine–cispla...
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Objectives To investigate the role of specialised genitourinary multidisciplinary team meetings (MDTMs) in decision‐making and identify factors that influence the probability of receiving a treatment plan with curative intent for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Patients and methods Data relating to patients with cT2‐4aN0/X‐1 M...
Article
Cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy is recommended for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). It has been shown that somatic deleterious mutations in ERCC2, gain-of-function mutations in ERBB2, and alterations in ATM, RB1, and FANCC are correlated with pathological response to NAC in MIBC. The...
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Background: There might be differential sensitivity to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with primary muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) in comparison to patients with secondary MIBC after a history of non-muscle-invasive disease. Objective: To investigate pathologic response rates and survival associated with primary versus secondar...
Article
Bladder cancer tissue grading, which assigns a numerical grade reflecting how aggressive a tumor looks under a microscope, is essential to determine the proper course of treatment, design a therapeutic plan and determine prognosis. The major problem is that there are considerable and clinically relevant variations in grading by pathologists - as th...
Article
Recent advances in semi-supervised learning algorithms (SSL) have made great strides in reducing the training dependency on labeled datasets and requiring that only a subset of the data be labeled. The presented work explores a class of semi-supervised learning algorithms that uses consistency regularization and self-ensembling to leverage the unla...
Article
Background The pathological existence and clinical consequence of stage T1 grade 1 (T1G1) bladder cancer are the subject of debate. Even though the diagnosis of T1G1 is controversial, several reports have consistently found a prevalence of 2–6% G1 in their T1 series. However, it remains unclear if T1G1 carcinomas have added value as a separate cate...
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Background: Radical cystectomy (RC) is indicated in primary or secondary muscle-invasive bladder cancer (primMIBC, secMIBC) and in primary or recurrent high- or very high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (primHR-NMIBC, recHR-NMIBC). The optimal timing for RC along the disease spectrum of nonmetastatic urothelial carcinoma remains unclear....
Article
Introduction: Mutations in the TP53 gene are indicative of worse outcome in bladder cancer and are usually assessed by immunohistochemistry. To define p53-overexpression, a threshold of >10% is most commonly used (cut-off1). Recently, a novel cut-off (aberrant = 0% or ≥50%) (cut-off2) showed better correlation to clinical outcome. In this study, we...
Article
Context The current impact of haematuria investigations on health care organisations is significant. There is currently no consensus on how to investigate patients with haematuria. Objective To evaluate the incidence of bladder cancer, upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) among patients undergoing investigation f...
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Marker research, and in particular urine bladder cancer marker research throughout the past three decades, devours enormous scientific resources in terms of manpower (not to mention time spent on reviewing and editorial efforts) and financial resources, finally generating large numbers of manuscripts without affecting clinical decision making. This...
Article
Introduction: Localized urachal cancer (UrC) can be treated with an open partial cystectomy (OPC) with en bloc resection of the urachal remnant and umbilicus. Robot-assisted partial cystectomy (RAPC) is an alternative approach, of which its safety and efficacy for UrC remains to be determined. In the present study, we analyze these outcomes after...
Article
Full-text available
Candidate immune biomarkers have been proposed for predicting response to immunotherapy in urothelial cancer (UC). Yet, these biomarkers are imperfect and lack predictive power. A comprehensive overview of the tumor immune contexture, including Tertiary Lymphoid structures (TLS), is needed to better understand the immunotherapy response in UC. We a...
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Purpose To evaluate the risk factors associated with positive surgical margins' (PSMs) location and their impact on disease-specific survival (DSS) in patients with bladder cancer (BCa) undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). Methods We analyzed a large multi-institutional cohort of patients treated with upfront RC for non-metastatic (cT1-4aN0M0) BCa....
Article
Introduction : Encouraging results have been observed by treating castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) patients with combined ipilimumab plus nivolumab. In other malignancies, pre-operative treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the localized setting is associated with excellent responses. In the NABUCCO trial, n=24...
Article
Objectives To determine the association between the FGFR3 mutation status and immuno-histochemistry (IHC) markers (p53 and Ki-67) in invasive bladder cancer (BC), and to analyze their prognostic value in a multicenter, multi-laboratory radical cystectomy (RC) cohort. Patients and methods We included 1058 cN0M0, chemotherapy-naive BC patients who u...
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Full-text available
We report two cases with recurrences of urachal adenocarcinoma (UrAC) in the urethra. Both patients had mucinous UrAC without metastasis, for which they were treated with en-bloc partial cystectomy and umbilectomy. The first patient developed recurrence of UrAC in the distal urethra after 1 yr. Distal urethrectomy revealed multiple additional recur...
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Purpose To investigate the association of patients’ sex with recurrence and disease progression in patients treated with intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) for T1G3/HG urinary bladder cancer (UBC). Materials and methods We analyzed the data of 2635 patients treated with adjuvant intravesical BCG for T1 UBC between 1984 and 2019. We accoun...
Article
Context The European Association of Urology (EAU) has released an updated version of the guidelines on non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Objective To present the 2021 EAU guidelines on NMIBC. Evidence acquisition A broad and comprehensive scoping exercise covering all areas of the NMIBC guidelines since the 2020 version was performed. D...
Article
Full-text available
Introduction and objectives To evaluate the prognostic role of albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio (AFR) for the prediction of oncological outcomes in a multi-institutional cohort of bladder cancer (BC) patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC). Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed a multicenter cohort of patients treated with upfront RC...
Article
Background: Urachal carcinoma (UrC) is a rare malignancy that often presents at an advanced stage with metastases in up to a quarter of patients. There is no consensus on the optimal form of staging for patients with UrC. In the present study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emitted tomography/computed tomograp...
Article
Context Grading is the mainstay for treatment decisions for patients with non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Objective To determine the requirements for an optimal grading system for NMIBC via expert opinion. Evidence acquisition A multidisciplinary working group established by the International Society of Urological Pathology reviewed a...
Article
Given the high risk of systemic relapse following initial therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), improved pretreatment staging is needed. We evaluated the incremental value of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) after standard conventional staging, in the largest cohort of MIBC patients t...