Bas Van Hooren

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Verified

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• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor (Assistant) at Maastricht University

It is widely believed that an active cool-down is more effective for promoting post-exercise recovery than a passive cool-down involving no activity. However, research on this topic has never been synthesized and it therefore remains largely unknown whether this belief is correct. This review compares the effects of various types of active cool-dow...

Background Treadmills are often used in research, clinical practice, and training. Biomechanical investigations comparing treadmill and overground running report inconsistent findings. Objective This study aimed at comparing biomechanical outcomes between motorized treadmill and overground running. Methods Four databases were searched until June...

Knowledge about muscular forces and fascicle behavior during hamstring exercises can optimize exercise prescription, but information on these outcomes across different exercises is lacking. We aimed to characterize and compare lower‐limb muscle forces as well as biceps femoris long head muscle fascicle behaviour between three hamstrings exercises:...

Introduction Wearables have the potential to provide accurate estimates of tissue loads at common running injury locations. Here we investigate the accuracy by which commercially available instrumented insoles (ARION) can predict musculoskeletal loading at common running injury locations. Methods 19 runners (10 males) ran at five different speeds,...

Resistance training (RT) triggers diverse morphological and physiological adaptations that are broadly considered beneficial for performance enhancement as well as injury risk reduction. Some athletes and coaches therefore engage in, or prescribe, substantial amounts of RT under the assumption that continued increments in maximal strength capacity...

Advancements in shoe technology can improve running economy (RE). However, the effects of advanced footwear technology (AFT) have typically been investigated in one specific shoe brand and at relatively high speeds. Moreover, there is often considerable variability in the response to different running shoes. This study, therefore, investigated the...

Purpose: This study assessed the cardiorespiratory fitness, running biomechanics, muscle architecture and training characteristics of a 76-year-old female runner who currently holds the world record 1500m to marathon in the women's 75-79 age category. Methods: maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O 2max ), running economy (RE), lactate threshold (LT) and lacta...

Background Associations between muscle architecture and rate of force development (RFD) have been largely studied during fixed‐end (isometric) contractions. Fixed‐end contractions may, however, limit muscle shape changes and thus alter the relationship between muscle architecture an RFD. Aim We compared the correlation between muscle architecture...

Background Prior studies investigated selected discrete sagittal‐plane outcomes (e.g., peak knee flexion) in relation to running economy, hereby discarding the potential relevance of running technique parameters during noninvestigated phases of the gait cycle and in other movement planes. Purpose Investigate which components of running technique d...

Background Running biomechanics is considered an important determinant of running economy (RE). However, studies examining associations between running biomechanics and RE report inconsistent findings. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to determine associations between running biomechanics and RE and explore potential causes of incon...

ChatGPT may be used by runners to generate training plans to enhance performance or health aspects. However, the quality of ChatGPT generated training plans based on different input information is unknown. The objective of the study was to evaluate ChatGPT-generated six-week training plans for runners based on different input information granularit...

Data collection process This dataset includes running biomechanics measured using an instrumented treadmill combined with three- dimensional motion capture and surface muscle activation among 19 healthy participants (10 males, 9 females, mean ± SD age 23.6 ± 3.7 years, body height 174.9 ± 9.2 m; body mass 67.2 ± 10.4 kg) of various performance leve...

Peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) is considered a vital indicator of health and physical fitness that is often measured during incremental exercise testing. While previous research has shown that the attained V̇O2peak during exercise testing can be influenced by verbal encouragement, no or limited details were provided on the verbal encouragement proto...

Background Running technique and running speed are considered important risk factors for running injuries. Real-time feedback on running technique and running speed by wearables may help reduce injury risk. Purpose To investigate whether real-time feedback on spatiotemporal metrics and relative speed by commercially available pressure-sensitive in...

Understanding how loading and damage on common running injury locations changes across speeds, surface gradients, and step frequencies may inform training programs and help guide progression/rehabilitation after injuries. However, research investigating tissue loading and damage in running is limited and fragmented across different studies, thereby...

Background An increasing number of commercially available wearables provide real‐time feedback on running biomechanics with the aim to reduce injury risk or improve performance. Objective Investigate whether real‐time feedback by wearable insoles (ARION) alters running biomechanics and improves running economy more as compared to unsupervised runn...

This study assessed the physiological, performance, nutritional intake, and training characteristics of a 92-year-old 4-time master world champion indoor male rower. Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance. Oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, ventilation and heart rate were measured at rest and during a 2000 m time trial on...

Purpose The short-term scaling exponent alpha1 of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA-a1) of heart rate variability (HRV) has shown potential to delineate the first ventilatory threshold (VT1). The aims of this study were to investigate the accuracy of this method for VT1 determination in runners using a consumer grade chest belt and to explore the...

Introduction/Purpose Previous studies have shown inhibition of previously injured hamstrings during eccentric exercises, but it is unknown whether this effect is also present during an isometric position-control exercise such as the single-leg Roman chair hold (SLRCH). Methods This cross-sectional study investigated muscle activation during the SL...

Purpose Various systems are available for cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), but their accuracy remains largely unexplored. We evaluate the accuracy of 15 popular CPET systems to assess respiratory variables, substrate use, and energy expenditure during simulated exercise. Cross‐comparisons were also performed during human cycling experiments...

The short-term scaling exponent of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA-a1) of heart rate variability may be a helpful tool to assess autonomic balance as a prelude to daily, individualized training. For this concept to be useful, between-session reliability should be acceptable. The aim of this study was to explore the reliability of DFA-a1 during...

Background Net joint moments (NJM) are typically normalized for a (combination of) physical body characteristics such as mass, height, and limb length using ratio scaling to account for differences in body characteristics between individuals. Four assumptions must be met when normalizing NJM data this way to ensure valid conclusions. First, the rel...

Spatiotemporal metrics such as step frequency have been associated with running injuries in some studies. Wearables can measure these metrics and provide real‐time feedback in‐field, but are often not validated. This study assessed the validity of commercially available wireless instrumented insoles (ARION) for quantifying spatiotemporal metrics du...

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of electromagnetic resistance alone, as well as in combination with variable resistance or accentuated eccentric methods, with traditional dynamic constant external resistance exercise on myoelectric activity during elbow flexion. The study employed a within-participant randomized, cross-over des...

This study explored the relationships between passive muscle stiffness (shear modulus) and vertical jumping performance, countermovement utilization ratio (CUR) and rate of force development (RFD) in an attempt to unravel the mechanism that may explain the association between shear modulus and performance. 32 recreationally active participants (16...

Purpose: This study assessed the body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, fiber type and mitochondrial function, and training characteristics of a 71-year-old runner who broke the world record marathon of the men’s 70–74 age category and held several other world records. The values were compared to those of the previous world-record holder. Met...

Background: Markerless motion capture based on low-cost 2-D video analysis in combination with computer vision techniques has the potential to provide accurate analysis of running technique in both a research and clinical setting. However, the accuracy of markerless motion capture for assessing running kinematics compared to a gold-standard approa...

The purpose of this study was to improve our understanding of the relative contributions of biomechanical, anthropometric, and psychological factors in explaining maximal bench press (BP) strength in a heterogeneous, resistance-trained sample. Eighteen college-aged participants reported to the laboratory for three visits. The first visit consisted...

Purpose: This study assessed the cardiorespiratory capacity, anaerobic speed reserve, and anthropometric and spatiotemporal variables of a 75-year-old world-class middle-distance runner who previously obtained several European and world records in the age categories of 60-70 years, achieved 13 European titles and 15 world champion titles, and also...

Introduction: Accurate determination of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in athletes is important for optimal performance and injury prevention, but current approaches are insufficiently accurate. We therefore developed an approach to determine TDEE in professional cyclists based on power data, basal metabolic rate (BMR) and a non-exercise ph...

Objectives The association between single-joint isometric rate of force development (RFDISO) and jumping outcomes remain largely unexplored. Further, the importance of RFD assessed during jumping for jump height and duration (i.e. time from jump onset to take-off) remains ambiguous. We therefore investigated these associations in a large heterogeno...

Background Velocity loss (VL) experienced in a set during resistance training is often monitored to control training volume and quantify acute fatigue responses. Accordingly, various VL thresholds are used to prescribe resistance training and target different training adaptations. However, there are inconsistencies in the current body of evidence r...

Despite promising research on various soccer-specific injury prevention programs, hamstring strain injuries (HSIs) persist in being a major problem in the sport. Therefore, in an attempt to expand the current knowledge on the prevention of HSIs, this systematic review aimed to identify how modifiable risk factors for HSIs (hamstring strength, hamst...

Running with music has been shown to acutely change cadence. However, it is unclear if the increased cadence remains long-term when running without music in an in-field situation. The aim of this 12-week study was to investigate the effect of a 4-week music running program on cadence, speed and heartrate during and after the music running program....

Background: Context regarding how researchers determine the sample size of their experiments is important for interpreting the results and determining their value and meaning. Between 2018 and 2019, the journal Gait & Posture introduced a requirement for sample size justification in their author guidelines. Research Question: How frequently and in...

Data collection process This dataset includes continuously measured gait parameters using three- dimensional motion capture and gas exchanges of 18 healthy participants (9 male/9 female, mean ± standard deviation age 24.8 ± 3.3 years, height 1.71 ± 0.81 meter, weight 65.9 ± 8.1 kilogram). Gait parameters were recorded during four different self-pac...

Peak oxygen uptake (˙VO2peak) is an important factor contributing to running performance. Wearable technology may allow the assessment of ˙VO2peak more frequently and on a larger scale. We aim to i) validate the ˙VO2peak assessed by a smartwatch (Garmin Forerunner 245), and ii) discuss how this parameter may assist to evaluate and guide training pr...

Purpose Accurate measurement of energy expenditure (EE) using doubly labeled water depends on the estimate of total body water (TBW). The aims of this study were to 1) assess the accuracy of a new approach for estimating TBW and EE during high-energy turnover and 2) assess the accuracy of day-to-day assessment of EE with this new approach. Method...

One of the main benefits of the Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) is that it can be performed without the need of any extra material. However, numerous technical execution variables such as the ankle and pelvis position can influence the performance. The primary aims of this study were to investigate the effects of ankle position (i.e., plantar or do...

Background: Treadmill assessments are often performed at a fixed speed. Feedback-controlled algorithms allow users to adjust the treadmill speed, hereby potentially better resembling natural self-paced locomotion. However, it is currently unknown whether the energetics and biomechanics of self-paced differ from fixed-paced treadmill walking. Such...

Background: Context regarding how researchers determine the sample size of their experiments is important for interpreting the results and determining their value and meaning. Between 2018 and 2019, the journal Gait & Posture introduced a requirement for sample size justification in their author guidelines.Research Question: How frequently and in w...

Purpose Force-velocity-power (F-v-P) profiling can illustrate an individual’s sprinting capabilities, but no study has explored the effect of different running surfaces on F-v-P outcomes. Method Twelve elite youth football players (age 16.3 ± 0.5 years, mass 67.3 ± 5.4 kg, height 176.2 ± 4.6 cm) performed two 30 m sprints on concrete and artificia...

In jumping, countermovement increases net propulsive force and improves performance. We aimed to test whether this countermovement effect is velocity specific and examine the degree to which this varies between athletes, sports or performance levels. Force-velocity profiles were compiled in high-level skiers (N= 23) and sprinters (N= 30), with thei...

Objective The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) on sprint performance (i.e., 5, 10 and 20 m) and explore associations between study characteristics and sprint outcomes in team sport players. Secondary aims were to 1) investigate the effects of the NHE on eccentric strength of knee flexor...

Background The acute effects of resistance training (RT) set structure alteration are well established; however, less is known about their effects on chronic training adaptations.Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesise the available evidence on the effectiveness of traditional (TS), cluster (CS) and rest redi...

The mechanical properties of the surfaces used for exercising can affect sports performance and injury risk. However, the mechanical properties of treadmill surfaces remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was, therefore, to assess the shock absorption (SA), vertical deformation (VD) and energy restitution (ER) of different treadmill models a...

Voor een goed trainingseffect van een cardiovasculaire (duur) inspanning is het belangrijk dat de training op de juiste intensiteit wordt uitgevoerd. Een percentage van de geschatte maximale hartslag en de praattest zijn veel gebruikte methodes om de intensiteit van de inspanning te bepalen. Maar zijn deze wel nauwkeurig?

The aim of this study was to define a reliable and sensitive test method for assessing Shock Absorption (SA), Vertical Deformation (VD), and Energy Restitution (ER) in treadmill surfaces. A total of 42 treadmills belonging to four different models were included in the study: (a) Technogym Jog700 Excite (n = 10), (b) Technogym Artis Run (n = 12), (c...

Background: B-mode ultrasound is often used to quantify muscle architecture during movements. Objectives: 1) Systematically review the reliability of fascicle length (FL) and pennation angles (PA) measured using ultrasound during movements involving voluntary contractions, 2) systematically review the methods used in studies reporting reliabilit...

Some long-term athlete development models have proposed generic sensitive periods or “windows of opportunity” during childhood and adolescence that are optimal for training general motor abilities such as strength or speed. However, it remains unclear whether these periods exist. This review will therefore critically appraise the rationale behind g...

Draagbare technologie, zoals een footpod op de schoen, druk zooltjes in de schoen en een sporthorloge om de pols, is momenteel erg populair onder hardlopers omdat deze in realtime feedback kan geven over verschillende loopgerelateerde variabelen. In dit artikel wordt besproken hoe deze technologie toegepast kan worden om hardloopblessures te voorko...

Poor hamstring strength-endurance is a risk factor for hamstring injuries. This study investigated the effectiveness of the single-leg Roman hold and Nordic hamstring curl in improving hamstring strength-endurance. Twelve Gaelic footballers (mean ± standard deviation age, height and mass were 25.17 ± 3.46 years, 179.25 ± 5.88 cm, 85.75 ± 4.75 kilo)...

Injuries and lack of motivation are common reasons for discontinuation of running. Real-time feedback from wearables can reduce discontinuation by reducing injury risk and improving performance and motivation. There are however several limitations and challenges with current real-time feedback approaches. We discuss these limitations and challenges...

In deel 1 van deze reeks is het conceptuele fundament van de dynamische systeemtheorie toegelicht1 en in deel 2 is deze theorie toegepast bij een bewegingsanalyse van de honkbalpitch.2 Dit derde en laatste deel gaat in op de praktische vertaling van deze bewegingsanalyse naar fysieke training voor werpen in honkbal.

Background Treadmills are routinely used to assess running performance and training parameters related to physiological or perceived effort. These measurements are presumed to replicate overground running but there has been no systematic review comparing performance, physiology and perceived effort between treadmill and overground running. Objecti...

In deel 1 suggereerden we dat een dynamische systeembenadering binnen de sport kan bijdragen aan (1) het vinden van generieke aspecten en principes van beweging en (2) het aanpassen van bestaande oefenstof om deze geschikter te maken voor het lerende systeem om daarmee (3) de transfer naar de daadwerkelijke sportcontext te verbeteren. In dit tweede...

Veel beoefenaars van sporten met plyometrische belasting hebben wel eens pijn aan hun pezen. Deze pijn kan duiden op tendinopathie. Een disbalans in spier- en peeseigenschappen is een mogelijke oorzaak voor deze sportblessure. In dit artikel wordt toegelicht hoe pezen effectief getraind kunnen worden om deze disbalans te verminderen.