Bart Kamp

Orkestra-Instituto Vasco de Competitividad | Orkestra · Strategy

Purpose: This article reports on a study of greenhouse gases emitted by industrial manufacturing sectors and gives insights into the appropriate orientation of emission reduction public programmes for better efficiency.Design/methodology/approach: For this study, a classification of industrial manufacturing sectors based on their greenhouse gas emi...

Purpose This paper aims to study whether international niche market leaders (INMLs) gained their leading position as early mover or diligent follower, and assess whether they leveraged hard or soft forms of technological, supply pre-emption and customer lock-in advantage mechanisms. Design/methodology/approach Empirical material stems from qualita...

Servitization allows manufacturing firms to differentiate themselves from rivals and become more competitive. Scholars have studied the service paradox, but analysis of the relationship between servitization and firm performance has provided inconclusive results. In terms of the antecedents that influence this relationship, the literature has tende...

This study aims to explore the requirements that manufacturing companies must meet when implementing advanced services involving financial solutions. It identifies relevant internal and external conditions to the business implementing financialised advanced services – such as the finance function’s level of sophistication, the capacity to assess m...

Purpose This paper aims to assess the existence of, or the risk of running into, a smart service paradox for industrial firms and how to overcome it. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative multiple case study is conducted involving four machine tool builders. The main source of data is formed by semi-structured interviews with service business...

We consider multiple safety measures in relation to the COVID-19 virus and look at their adoption levels for a variety of 15 individual countries, based on data from Yougov.co.uk. Subsequently, we establish correlation coefficients between measure-specific uptake levels and Hofstede dimension scores for all countries considered. We notably find tha...

Este trabajo analiza, desde un punto de vista conceptual y con un enfoque en Euskadi, la relación entre los inductores que sustentan la “transición verde” en la Unión Europea (UE) (green drivers), la competitividad de las empresas y las políticas de “I+D+i verde” (ecoinnovación).

This paper analyses the characteristics of sectoral contributions to Greenhouse gases emissions based on economic data of industrial energy consumption in Spain and gives some insights about public programmes for emissions reduction. It departs from the total amount of Greenhouse gases emissions due to the energy mix deployed per industrial sector,...

This paper analyses the characteristics of sectoral contributions to Greenhouse gases emissions based on economic data of industrial energy consumption in Spain and gives some insights about public programmes for emissions reduction. It departs from the total amount of Greenhouse gases emissions due to the energy mix deployed per industrial sector,...

La servitización puede caracterizarse como un proceso de cambio (Lenka et al., 2018; Ra-ddats et al., 2019). Esto es especialmente cierto cuando se la interpreta como ''el desarrollo de competencias por parte de las empresas manufactureras para prestar servicios y solu-ciones a sus clientes'' (Baines y Lightfoot, 2013). Al examinar las dimensiones...

La digitalización ha sido aclamada muchas veces como catalizador de la servitización. Varios estudios destacan la interacción entre la digitalización y la servitización (Martín-Peña et al., 2019; Opresnik y Taisch, 2015; Rymaszewska et al., 2017). Del mismo modo, Adrode-gari et al. (2017), así como Kohtamäki et al. (2019), sostienen que la digitali...

El fichero añadido como recursos complementarios presenta el índice del número de la revista y sus datos de identificación.

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented companies that sell cross-border and/or purchase inputs from abroad with problems in terms of importing goods and the shipping of their own produce to foreign clients and markets. Against this backdrop, the present paper reviews the causes behind the supply chain disruptions when the pandemic unfolded, as well wa...

Servitization is an organizational change process. As organizations move from offering base services to advanced services, the relevance of financial changes increases. Against this backdrop, this chapter puts the spotlight on the concept of financialization, as the increasing preponderance of financial motives, markets, actors and institutions in...

When looking at different types of services (base, intermediate, advanced) that industrial users can source from external suppliers, one observes how these services generate an increasing level of interdependence between users and providers. Consequently, users may ponder whether to make, buy from or network with external suppliers. For that purpos...

The present paper assesses whether the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies can be related to backshoring. It does so by -firstly- investigating the implementation of such technologies by industrial firms with foreign production plants, the experiences and intentions of these firms regarding the location of production activities, and -secondly- by...

La digitalización ha sido aclamada muchas veces como catalizador de la servitización. Varios estudios destacan la interacción entre la digitalización y la servitización (Martín-Peña et al., 2019; Opresnik y Taisch, 2015; Rymaszewska et al., 2017). Del mismo modo, Adrode-gari et al. (2017), así como Kohtamäki et al. (2019), sostienen que la digitali...

This whitepaper, published in October 2021, is part of the “Back to the Future: Emerging Topics for Long-Term Resilience in Manufacturing” initiative, promoted by the World Manufacturing Foundation, a non-profit organisation with a mission to spread industrial culture worldwide. The initiative involved global focus groups, each exploring a relevant...

Purpose: We break the concept of Industry 4.0 down into a series of technologies and look whether their adoption influences industrial firms' servitization. Likewise, we assess whether the existence of prior digital skills and training initiatives to work with the adopted technologies influence company scores on two indicators of servitization: dev...

Summary: We break the concept of Industry 4.0 down into a series of technologies and look whether their adoption influences industrial firms’ servitization indicators. Likewise, we assess whether the existence of prior digital skills and training initiatives to work with the adopted technologies influence company scores on these indicators. We esta...

This paper presents insights from 24 international niche market leaders from the Basque Country and their participation in international committees where product or material safety and quality standards are adopted for the markets that they operate in. It finds that approximately half of them participate in these ‘arenas’. Those that do so partici...

When a (corporate) decision-maker considers implementing an ecoinnovation process, it is deemed useful to evaluate the full range of impacts that this kind of activities can bring about (beyond the mere benefits in environmental terms). The purpose of this paper is to map and analyze a range of effects that ecoinnovation activities on behalf of pri...

Purpose: to look into the relevance of access to finance and know-how on industrial asset management to launch advanced services Design/Methodology/Approach: multiple case study, explorative and qualitative research Findings: advanced services incentivize companies to amplify their scope for funds and instruments to finance and manage servitized ma...

Longitudinal observatory of competitiveness regarding the supply (KIBS) and demand (industry) side to advanced services in the Basque Country.

This document brings together key aspects of a process of reflection and analysis that Orkestra set in motion when the COVID-19 crisis broke out. It is a living document that aims to support public decision-makers, particularly at regional level. The document identifies and focuses its analysis on two stages that require different responses with re...

El objetivo de este documento es presentar las conclusiones extraídas de la encuesta “Posicionamiento de las empresas vascas ante las oportunidades que ofrece la Economía Circular” realizada en el segundo semestre de 2019. En concreto, mediante la realización de este trabajo, se trata de entender los objetivos y la forma en la que se realizan las a...

This report provides a characterization of the “international niche market leader” concept (INML) and demonstrates its relevance and surplus value for the economies and territories where they prosper. At the same time, it shows in which parts of Spain concentrations of this type of companies can be found, while also providing insights into the type...

Servitisation research covers a large variety of aspects related to novel earning models, like pay-per-use schemes or other outcome-oriented charging modalities. However, it may overlook aspects related to bookkeeping and financing such operations. This article introduces the concept of financial aptitude to hypothesise under which circumstances in...

Servitisation research covers a large variety of aspects related to novel earning models, like pay-per-use schemes or other outcome-oriented charging modalities. However, it may overlook aspects related to bookkeeping and financing such operations. This article introduces the concept of financial aptitude to hypothesise under which circumstances in...

This article considers how a manufacturing company redesigns its organisation to take advantage of service business opportunities. It also looks at the role played in this process by company agents other than top management. Analysis of the company's initial conditions and subsequent change dynamics is based on action research. Findings are that ac...

In the present article we will focus on the implications that the Emerging Asia growth trend implies for medium-sized companies from Germany that are market leaders or a top 3 supplier in their respective niche or market segment (aka 'Global Niche Market Leaders'). We find that only a small portion of the companies considered have developed insider...

This article provides an updated account on international niche market leaders (INMLs) from Euskadi and its surroundings. It shows how the 'hidden champions' phenomenon is in no way a Germanic affair and that many niche players from Spain also display typical hidden champion-features. Similarly, it shows how the Basque Country forms an epicenter of...

El objetivo de este documento es presentar las conclusiones extraídas de la encuesta “Oportunidades para las empresas industriales de Euskadi en materia de eco-diseño” realizada en el primer semestre de 2017. En concreto, mediante la realización de este trabajo, se trata de entender el impacto que la realización de prácticas de eco-diseño y de eco-...

This study explores whether machinery firms with a ‘hidden champions’ profile leverage Industry 4.0 practices to roll out smart services; whether this allows them to get a firm grip on their installed base; and whether it allows them to expand their international (service) business. The research is conducted based on exploratory, multiple-case stud...

Servitization, as the tendency among industrial firms to base an increasing part of their business on services, is assumed to be a surging phenomenon. If this is the case, it can be expected that in aggregate terms, a growing portion of industrial revenues stem from selling services. The present paper analyzes to which extent the manufacturing indu...

El presente informe tiene como objetivo poner en perspectiva las características y prestaciones de lo que llamamos “líderes en nichos de mercado internacionales” de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco (CAPV). Trata de identificar qué tipo de recursos y comportamientos empresariales contribuyen a alcanzar una mayor competitividad en mercados intern...

Advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT) have been hailed as enablers to make industrial products and operations smart. The present paper argues that AMT can not only form a lever for developing smart goods and smart production environments, but can likewise form a basis to offer smart services and to propose servitized earning or payment models t...

This paper reviews the presence and strategic modus operandi of international niche market leaders from the Basque Country (Spain). It shows how these companies contribute above par to the foreign trade performance of the basque economy. It reveals how the majority of them capitalize on first mover advantages by entering early into the niche market...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test whether knowledge-intensive business services (KIBSs) contribute to international business activity. In line with studies from the servitization, the territorial competitiveness and the global value chain realm, it can be hypothesized that if KIBS consumption has a positive effect on business competitiv...

This paper is structured as follows. In Section 2 we provide a digest of the articles that contribute towards the special issue section on servitization, summarising the key highlights and contributions. Following this, in Section 3 we provide an outlook and discuss the need for further study of the converging paths of servitization, smart products...

The topic of servitization has generated a considerable body of research and many conferences, as well as industry engagement. Yet, despite the extensive literature associated with this now-mature discipline, there is no broad-based consensus on the core concepts and definitions deployed by servitization scholars, and both terminology and usage oft...

La industria manufacturera se encuentra hoy en día ante un escenario desafiante. Por una parte, las economías occidentales llevan décadas observando que el peso de la industria en cuanto al valor añadido bruto baja gradualmente. Por otra parte, se anuncia la llegada de una cuarta revolución industrial bajo el término Industria 4.0. El presente artí...

Cada vez más compañías están dejando de ser productores clásicos para convertirse en proveedores de soluciones integrales que ofrecen a sus clientes un servicio global. Esta tendencia es la “servitización” y alude a una nueva forma de creación de valor para los consumidores, así como a nuevas formas de relación entre proveedores y usuarios, y a nue...

El presente trabajo trata de dilucidar, cómo y en qué medida, los gastos en energía en los sectores que se caracterizan por un uso intensivo de la energía, influyen o afectan a su competitividad. Para ello, se comienza por situar la evolución de los precios energéticos, al afectar estos al gasto energético.

En la primera parte del presente artículo se ofrece información sobre lo que representa la servitización, por qué suele ser mal comprendida o pasada por alto, y por qué es importante que los actores industriales valoren la adopción de las estrategias de servitización. A conti-nuación se explican las ventajas que pueden obtener las empresas al poner...

In recent times, open innovation has become fashionable as a way to make up for limited internal efforts around innovation. In the present paper, we review the state of cooperative innovation among small- and medium-sized companies (SMEs) by categorising their modus operandi regarding innovation in general and towards cooperative innovation in part...

This report reviews the presence and strategic modus operandi of international niche market leaders from the Basque Country (Spain). It explains how these companies contribute above par to the foreign trade performance of the Basque economy. It also reveals how the majority of them capitalize on first mover advantages by entering early into the nic...

El presente informe revisa la presencia y los modus operandi estratégicos de empresas vascas que son considerados como líderes en nichos de mercado internacionales. Enseña como dichas empresas contribuyen más que sus pares al comercio exterior de la economía vasca. Revela como la mayoría de ellos sacan provecho de “ventajas del primer entrante” al...

In order to explore the consequences of the challenges to the patterns of innovation and competition along global value chains on the one hand and the implications for innovation policy based on seeking solutions for the challenges in relation to regional specialization patterns on the other hand, the Six Countries Programme organized a conference...

In the Basque manufacturing firms embracing service-based competitiveness models, sub-optimal imbalances can be noted in the kind of knowledge-intensive services being deployed (strong accent on scientific/technological activities and weak on non-technological service activities).

Taking stock of how global innovation networks and policies (national, regional, international) interact.

The unique properties of graphene render it with the potential to bring about radical changes to product portfolios and product functionalities in numerous industries and markets. In this paper, a number of product and technological applications are reviewed where graphene may offer competitive advantage over incumbent materials. Also, its overall...

This chapter reviews the: • Book content and purpose • Concepts related to international operations • Drivers of the globalization of operations • Main reasons for starting up an internationalization process • Internationalization patterns of SMEs • Future perspectives and trends

How to use IP to speed up the deployment of ideas from inside and outside the company.

The development of cars and car components has become a more and more complex affair, requiring more and more inputs from a wide range of actors and technology domains. Hence, automotive firms must look increasingly beyond the intramural setting and reach out to external partners and sources to master innovation processes. The sensitisation of firm...

The management of cognitive, organisational and geographical interfaces is a major competitiveness challenge for the automotive industry. Market and network imperfections, like underinvestment in innovation, or finance and labour market suboptimalities, are notorious obstacles in this regard. It is argued that the capacity of regional policies to h...

The Flagship / 5 Partners model argues that key suppliers are dedicated exclusively to flagship firms and that flagship firms work on an exclusive basis with key suppliers. As the F/5P model is partly rooted in empirical analyses of the North-American automotive industry, it is interesting to test its external validity on the European car industry....

The present paper reports on a search after better practices in policy support to enhance the competitiveness of automotive activities on a regional level. Based on a Europe-wide inventory of such initiatives, an initial long list was drawn up. This long list was reduced on the basis of a number of 'filter criteria', such as preliminary success sig...

Delokaliseringsbeslissingen van multinationals hebben een grote impact op de werkgelegenheid in de getroffen landen en regio's. Dit artikel tracht besluiten rond de sluiting c.q. afbouw van(buitenlandse) productievestigingen van multinationals te doorgronden. De auteurs stoelen hun verklarend model op een netwerkperspectief op multinationale ondern...

This new book investigates how the relationships of international business networks (one buyer-multiple suppliers) develop over time, looking at the geographical angle as well as an actor composition point of view. Bart Kamp presents a framework that reveals what business-to-business (b2b) factors explain buyer-supplier co-location patterns, making...

The article reports on the research question whether the 'relative value' of car assembly plants influences suppliers' location behaviour. This is done from a business-to-business and international business network perspective. Empirical material, on which longitudinal case study analyses are performed, comes from buyer-supplier networks around for...

In mid 2004 the Programme Monitoring Committee for the Interreg IIIB North Sea Programme decided that there should be a selective update to NorVision to have valuable strategic input for the future cooperation in North Sea Region. They agreed that the original NorVision document continues to be relevant and should not be evaluated or reworked. The...

This study investigates the tenability of the position that business networks are relatively stable, based on long-lasting inter-firm relationships with limited substitutions of incumbent actors. This is done via a longitudinal analysis on the actor composition evolution with regard to the supplier networks around two car assembly plants. Based on...

O projecto VMOS (Flemish Modal Scan) está inserido no conjunto de ferramentas de carácter geral, utilizadas pelos responsáveis pelas políticas de mobilidade, na promoção de modos de transporte alternativo (ferroviário, navegação interior, navegação marítima de curta distância) e da transferência de cargas que utilizem vias congestionadas. No projec...

The Flagship / 5 Partners model argues that key suppliers are dedicated exclusively to flagship firms and that flagship firms work on an exclusive basis with key suppliers. As the F/5P model is partly rooted in empirical analyses of the North-American automotive industry, it is interesting to test its external validity on the European car industry....

The Flagship / 5 Partners model (hereafter: F/5P model) claims that key suppliers are dedicated exclusively to flagship firms and that flagship firms work on an exclusive basis with key suppliers tied into their flagship-specific networks. As the F/5P model as a conceptual framework is partly rooted in empirical analyses of the automotive industry,...