Barry L. Bentley

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Verified

Barry verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• PhD
• Reader (Associate Professor) in Bioengineering at Cardiff Metropolitan University

Verification of the java Orekit implementation of the Draper Semi-analytical Satellite Theory (DSST) is discussed. The Orekit library for space flight dynamics has been published under the open-source Apache license V2. The DSST is unique among analytical and semi-analytical satellite theories due to the scope of the included force models. However,...

Connectomics has focused primarily on the mapping of synaptic links in the brain; yet it is well established that extrasynaptic volume transmission, especially via monoamines and neuropeptides, is also critical to brain function and occurs primarily outside the synaptic connectome. We have mapped the putative monoamine connections, as well as a sub...

Globally, citizens exist for sustained periods in states of aging-related disease and multimorbidity. Given the urgent and unmet clinical, health care, workforce, and economic needs of aging populations, we need interventions and programs that regenerate tissues and organs and prevent and reverse aging-related damage, disease, and frailty (1). In r...

The preservative effects of low temperature on biological materials have been long recognised, and cryopreservation is now widely used in biomedicine, including in organ transplantation, regenerative medicine and drug discovery. The lack of organs for transplantation constitutes a major medical challenge, stemming largely from the inability to pres...

The adrenal glands are a pair of endocrine organs that produce and secrete mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, sex hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. They have a vital role in a range of physiological processes including regulating electrolyte balance, blood pressure and metabolism, immunomodulation, sexual development and the stress respons...

With the global increase in ageing populations, a clear understanding of the physiological and pathological changes associated with ageing is vital for advancing research and clinical practice. Following the World Health Organization’s decision to classify age-related aetiologies, the International Consortium to Classify Ageing-Related Pathologies...

The language we speak shapes our perceptions of reality. In this paper, we shed light on the fact that by inventing and normalizing phrases such as the “UK variant”, “Chinese virus”, or the “Spanish flu”, along with the widespread use of war metaphors, we are not only endorsing narratives that could undermine international collaborations and deepen...

In January 2025, the UK Parliament’s Science, Innovation and Technology Select Committee launched a call for submissions to inform the next priority areas for its work. This inquiry, entitled Under the Microscope, invited public, business, and expert groups to help shape future government policies in science and technology. In response, the Interna...

The emergence of large language models (LLMs), exemplified by ChatGPT, has ushered in a significant transformation in our interactions with artificial intelligence (AI). However, the widespread integration of AI technologies has raised significant concerns about user privacy protection. To establish a robust relationship between users and AI while...

To help healthcare systems prepare for an ageing population, and enable earlier diagnosis and treatment, in 2023 over 300 scientists and clinicians formed the International Consortium to Classify Ageing-Related Pathologies (ICCARP). Starting the ICCARP, it became evident that terms related to ageing were understood differently in different fields....

Mental health is deteriorating quickly and significantly globally post-COVID. Though there were already over 1 billion people living with mental disorders pre-pandemic, in the first year of COVID-19 alone, the prevalence of anxiety and depression soared by 25% worldwide. In light of the chronic shortages of mental health provider and resources, alo...

The EUREKA Robotics Centre organises several programs to promote the public understanding and sustainable development of STEM disciplines by showcasing cutting-edge technologies in Robotics and Artificial intelligence. In 2022–2023, the EUREKA Robotics Centre partnered with the Alan Turing Institute to run a special series of public engagement road...

COVID-19 offers many valuable lessons, many of which could be found in unique societies like Hong Kong. The metropolis is special for its drastically varying—good and bad—COVID-19 performances. Hong Kong was widely considered a pandemic control and containment success for maintaining a remarkably low number of COVID-19 infections and deaths, until...

Artificial intelligence (AI) can elevate the quality, scalability, and accessibility of healthcare while lowering its costs. In other words, AI holds transformative potential to ensure health care becomes a reachable social good for all people across social sectors as promised in the social contract, explicitly or implicitly. While AI can make heal...

The culling of animals that are infected, or suspected to be infected, with COVID-19 has fuelled outcry. One aspect that has likely influenced the ongoing debates around animal rights protections during global health crises is the lack of a unified understanding and internationally agreed-upon definition of "One Health". The term One Health is ofte...

Mental health is deteriorating far and fast globally post-COVID. Though there were already over one billion people living with mental disorders pre-pandemic, in the first year of COVID-19 alone, the prevalence of anxiety and depression soared by 25% worldwide. In light of the chronic shortages of mental health resources and talents, along with disr...

Around the world, individuals are living longer, but an increased average lifespan does not always equate to an increased health span. With advancing age, the increased prevalence of ageing-related diseases can have a significant impact on health status, functional capacity and quality of life. It is therefore vital to develop comprehensive classif...

Avoidable disasters are both saddening and baffling. In 2022, 159 people, mostly in their 20s, and 30s were crushed to death in Itaewon’s narrow alleyway amid South Korea’s first pandemic-restrictions-free Halloween celebration. What is particularly sobering about this tragedy is that although many people called police hotlines as crowds became cra...

The smart home industry has experienced a remarkable surge in growth in recent years. Smart technologies have become an integral part of our everyday lives. However, this rapid growth, characterized by high technology presenteeism, low user defensiveness, and low technology anonymity, amplifies the risk of privacy invasion across the information li...

Background Around the world, individuals are living longer, but an increased average lifespan does not always equate to an increased healthspan. With advancing age, the increased prevalence of ageing-related diseases can have a significant impact on health status, functional capacity, and quality of life. It is therefore vital to develop comprehens...

Smart ageing is the process of leveraging accessible socio-ecological opportunities to proactively build the desired lifestyle and preferred quality of life as people age. Different from other ageing models, smart ageing views the ageing process from a socio-ecological perspective, a process which is shaped by the interplay of social, cultural, eco...

In an era of increasing reliance on artificial intelligence (AI), securing not only digital systems but also human psychological well-being has become paramount. This chapter explores the emerging field of “psybersecurity”,which involves safeguarding mental health in the digital age, protecting individuals from the psychiatric con-sequences of tech...

Corruption is a social ailment that undermines trust among people and erodes social stability. Transparency International estimates that approximately one in every five people worldwide has been forced to pay a bride to someone working in the health sector. It is estimated that approximately $500 billion in global spending on health is lost to corr...

The culling of animals that are infected, or suspected to be infected, with COVID-19 has fuelled outcry. What might have contributed to the ongoing debates and discussions about animal rights protection amid global health crises is the lack of a unified understanding and internationally agreed-upon definition of “One Health”. The term One Health is...

This paper conducts a systematic bibliometric analysis in the artificial intelligence (AI) domain to explore privacy protection research as AI technologies integrate and data privacy concerns rise. Understanding evolutionary patterns and current trends in this research is crucial. Leveraging bibliometric techniques, the authors analyze 8,322 papers...

Older people often face varied and vicious abuse from care workers. Situations are often more pronounced for older people who live with additional cognitive or physical difficulties, such as dementia and disabilities, the prevalence of which has been on the rise in China and elsewhere. Recent discoveries of elderly abuse in China, which span from a...

Foresight Institute Whole Brain Emulation Workshop Report -- To the best of our understanding, there has not been a significant or comprehensive evaluation of Whole Brain Emulation (WBE) since the 2008 publication of The Future of Humanity Institute’s Whole Brain Emulation Roadmap. Given the recent acceleration in AI development, we believe it’s t...

Efforts are ongoing to map synaptic wiring diagrams, or connectomes, to understand the neural basis of brain function. However, chemical synapses represent only one type of functionally important neuronal connection; in particular, extrasynaptic, “wireless” signaling by neuropeptides is widespread and plays essential roles in all nervous systems. B...

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a congenital anomaly that can have detrimental effects on an individual's ability to produce certain sounds, including bilabial sounds such as /m/ and alveolar sounds such as /n/, as well as sounds that require closure between the nasal and oral cavities, such as sounds ending in /-ɪŋ/. While surgical intervention can...

Introduction: Space Motion Sickness (SMS) is a syndrome that affects around 70% of astronauts and includes symptoms of nausea, dizziness, fatigue, vertigo, headaches, vomiting, and cold sweating. Consequences range from discomfort to severe sensorimotor and cognitive incapacitation, which might cause potential problems for mission-critical tasks an...

In past discussions on Whole Brain Emulation (WBE), emphasis has been placed on the need to accurately map connectomes (i.e. the neurons and synapses in the brain), their neurotransmitters and receptors, and to a lesser extent, their functional, genetic, and epigenetic states. These conversations, however, have historically failed to address the co...

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is associated with adverse cardiovascular events. This study aimed to determine the relationship between ankylosing spondylitis and the risk of stroke. Methods: A systematic literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were conducted from inception to De...

As a result of frailty in old age, falls are a leading cause of serious injury and death in older populations. As with most traumatic injuries, rapid treatment has the potential to dramatically improve outcomes; however, falls often occur in isolated areas, away from family and carers, preventing timely detection and response. Building on prior wor...

China has recently finalized its first algorithmic regulations—The Internet Information Service Algorithmic Recommendation Management Provisions. The Provisions request technology companies to remove discriminatory or biased user tags or refrain from generating or fuelling fake news via algorithms. Under the guidance of the Provisions, Internet use...

Background Pandemics, such as COVID-19, are dangerous and socially disruptive. Though no one is immune to COVID-19, older persons often bear the brunt of its consequences. This is particularly true for older women, as they often face more pronounced health challenges relative to other segments in society, including complex care needs, insufficient...

Violence against women is rampant in China. Even though meaningful strides have been made in the country, it remains disturbingly common for men daring to assault women—who may or may not be their partners—in broad daylight in China. To make the situation worse, COVID-19, along with its restrictions, has both undermined women's ability to escape fr...

War could be traumatic. War trauma could often lead to severe and sustained health consequences on people's physical and psychological health. War trauma is often prevalent in people who either participated in the war or lived near conflict zones, such as military professionals, refugees, and health workers. Advances in information and communicatio...

War could be traumatic. War trauma could often lead to severe and sustained health consequences on people’s physical and psychological health. War trauma is often prevalent in people who either participated in the war or lived near conflict zones, such as military professionals, refugees, and health workers. Advances in information and communicatio...

COVID-19 both creates and complicates public health challenges. Yet the pandemic also provides a unique lens for dissecting complex issues in global health that could benefit society in the long run. In this paper, we discuss the underlying reasons that can help explain the divergent COVID-19 control outcomes between Beijing and Shanghai—two advanc...

Homelessness is seldom a choice. Oftentimes, homelessness reflects the systemic failures that can result from social issues being dismissed or disregarded. Globally, approximately 1.6 billion people lack adequate housing, with 15 million more individuals being evicted on an annual basis. This situation is often profoundly worse in low- and middle-i...

Background Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is associated with adverse cardiovascular events. This study aimed to determine the relationship between ankylosing spondylitis and the risk of stroke. Methods A systematic literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were conducted from inception to Decemb...

Although the prevalence of facial recognition-based COVID-19 surveillance tools and techniques, China does not have a facial recognition law to protect its residents’ facial data. Oftentimes, neither the public nor the government knows where people’s facial images are stored, how they have been used, who might use or misuse them, and to what extent...

Just weeks away from the Opening Ceremony of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, the United States, followed by Australia, the United Kingdom, and Canada, has declared a diplomatic boycott of the Games. A diplomatic boycott stipulates that while government officials of these countries will not attend the event, the athletes’ scheduled attendance will...

Background: The dementia epidemic is progressing fast. As the world's older population keeps skyrocketing, the traditional incompetent, time-consuming, and laborious interventions are becoming increasingly insufficient to address dementia patients' health care needs. This is particularly true amid COVID-19. Instead, efficient, cost-effective, and...

These authors contributed equally BACKGROUND Of the medical issues affecting people in microgravity, Space Motion Sickness (SMS) is among the most common and compelling stressors in the first 48-72 hours of spaceflight or any G-transition for that matter. SMS symptoms include cold sweating, nausea, vomiting, and pallor, as well as fatigue and disor...

High dietary sodium and low potassium intake is associated with high blood pressure (BP). The current study aimed to determine if the sodium-to-potassium ratio is more strongly associated with low (130–139/80–89 mm Hg) and high (-140/90 mm Hg) BP thresholds among US adults than either sodium or potassium alone. A total of 30,776 patients aged -20 y...

A metamaterial inspired planar-patterned microstrip patch antenna, feeding on a Duroid substrate inset bottom ground soft-surface, is presented for ultra-wide band (UWB) applications. The present antenna is configured on a step-edge periodic unit-cell pattern, with a tiny air gap etched on the metal patch and finite ground plane. By employing these...

Background With advances in science and technology, biotechnology is becoming more accessible to people of all demographics. These advances inevitably hold the promise to improve personal and population well-being and welfare substantially. It is paradoxical that while greater access to biotechnology on a population level has many advantages, it ma...

BACKGROUND The dementia epidemic is progressing fast. As the world’s older population keeps skyrocketing, the traditional incompetent, time-consuming, and laborious interventions are becoming increasingly insufficient to address dementia patients’ health care needs. This is particularly true amid COVID-19. Instead, efficient, cost-effective, and te...

BACKGROUND With advances in science and technology, biotechnology is becoming more accessible to people of all demographics. These advances inevitably hold the promise to improve personal and population well-being and welfare substantially. It is paradoxical that while greater access to biotechnology on a population level has many advantages, it ma...

Background: Infectious diseases are dangerous and deadly. As the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in all demographics across the world, infectious diseases carry substantial social, economic, and healthcare costs. Unlike previous global health crises, health experts now have access to more advanced tools and techniques to understand pandem...

Connectomics – the study of neural connectivity – is primarily concerned with the mapping and characterisation of wired synaptic links; however, it is well established that long-distance chemical signalling via extrasynaptic volume transmission is also critical to brain function. As these interactions are not visible in the physical structure of th...

Serotonin (5-HT) expressing cells. Cells with weak or conditional expression (not included in the network) are marked † (DOCX)

Tyramine (TA) receptor expression patterns (DOCX)

Topological properties of additional C. elegans extrasynaptic networks. (A) Multilayer expansion of monoamine subnetworks using the larger (dop-5/6-containing) dopamine network. Node positions are the same in all layers. (B-F) Comparison of network metrics for the dopamine (DA, with/without dop-5/6), serotonin (5-HT), tyramine (TA), octopamine (OA)...

Additional multilink analysis. Shown are overrepresented and underrepresented multilink motifs for 3-layer networks consisting of synaptic, gap junction and indicate extrasynaptic layers. (A) Multilink motif IDs. These correspond to all possible configurations of links between two neurons allowing for: no connection of a given type (dotted line), d...

Serotonin (5-HT) receptor expression patterns (DOCX)

Octopamine (OA) receptor expression patterns (DOCX)

Neuropeptide receptor-ligand binding. ⋆No EC50 value reported for NPR- 11/NLP-1; strong biological activity seen in the micromolar range (DOCX)

Included are edge lists for monoamine and neuropeptide networks (ZIP)

Examples of octopamine multilink motifs 9 and 11. List of neurons connected by motif 9 (i.e. unidirectional OA link and synapse in reverse direction) or motif 11 (shaded, unidirectional OA link coincident with gap junction) (DOCX)

4-layer (syn, gap, MA, NP) normalized degree product (DOCX)

Multilink motif frequencies for the neuropeptide, synaptic and gap junction layers. Motif IDs correspond to those depicted in Figs 7 & S3. (DOCX)

References for Supplemental Tables (DOCX)

Three-neuron motif analysis for monoamine networks. Directed 3-node motifs for the monoamine networks, showing all 13 possible combinations with no unconnected nodes. Z-scores show the level of over- or under- representation for each motif, and were computed relative to a sample of a 100 random networks generated using the degree-persevering random...

Dopamine (DA) expressing cells (DOCX)

Octopamine (OA) & tyramine (TA) expressing cells. ⋆RIC is excluded from the TA network due to co-expression of tbh-1 which converts TA to OA (DOCX)

Dopamine (DA) receptor expression patterns (DOCX)

Neuropeptide expression patterns (DOCX)

Neuropeptide receptor expression patterns (DOCX)

Examples of neuropeptide multilink motif 20. List of neurons connected by motif 20 (i.e. reciprocal NP link, gap junction, and reciprocal synapses) (DOCX)

Connectomics has focused primarily on the mapping of synaptic links in the brain; yet it is well established that extrasynaptic volume transmission, especially via monoamines and neuropeptides, is also critical to brain function. Here we present a draft monoamine connectome, along with a partial neuropeptide connectome, for the nematode C. elegans,...

Socio-cultural markers such as attitudes, behaviours, ideas, aspirations and interests were collected and correlated to previously identified social, psychological and quantitative predictors of lifespan. Attitudes to whether a person wanted to live for as long as possible and if so in what condition were also surveyed. The aim of the study was to...

With an increasing dependence on space systems in all areas of society, the need for accurate and robust Space Situational Awareness (SSA) is paramount. Despite this, software tools have been slow to progress; many systems remain in legacy languages, based on deprecated design principles. The Draper Semianalytic Satellite Theory (DSST) is one such...

Despite knowing the connectivity of the C. elegans nervous system, its computational properties remain poorly understood. This is especially true for gap junctions, which while forming 890 electrical synapses in C. elegans, have been largely unexplored in terms of processing. Previous research has demonstrated a role for gap junctions in coincidenc...

TMC genes encode a broadly-conserved family of multipass integral membrane proteins in animals that includes eight proteins in humans and mice, one in Drosophila and two in C. elegans. The human TMC1 and TMC2 are deafness genes required for hair cell mechanotransduction; however, the molecular functions of these and other TMC proteins have not been...

Current methods used to address the problem of autonomous navigation in planetary rovers rely on computationally expensive algorithms and elaborate 3D sensing strategies. This paper presents a low complexity alternative based on an evolved neural controller using continuous-value infrared sensors. A unified framework is presented for developing suc...

Autonomous navigation and robust obstacle avoidance are prerequisites for the successful operation of a planetary rover. Typical approaches to tackling this problem rely on complex and computationally expensive navigation strategies based upon the creation of 3D maps of the environment. In contrast, this research proposes a simple artificial neural...

The scientific and technological rationale of this project was to integrate the island model paradigm for parallelisation with the automatic controller design methodology of Evolutionary Robotics. This integration allows the investigation of the conditions and contexts in which the utilisation of the island algorithm can enhance the robustness, gen...

After the successful mission of the Mars Pathfinder, in which the first semi-autonomous vehicle explored the Martian surface, other missions to Mars have been launched or are under development. Research on Mars robots provides an ideal test platform for the study of autonomous robotics, for example the ability of robots to navigate efficiently with...