Barrett S Caldwell

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Verified

Barrett verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• PhD, Social Psychology
• Professor (Full) at Purdue University West Lafayette

This paper examines opportunities and challenges of integrating augmented reality (AR) into education and investigates requirements to enable instructors to author AR educational experiences. Although AR technology is recognised for its potential in educational enhancement, it poses challenges for instructors creating AR-based experiences due to th...

Circadian misalignment (CM) is a sleep disruption where an individual’s circadian rhythm and actual sleep-wake cycle are unsynchronized. CM is frequently misdiagnosed and difficult to treat but can adversely impact short-term and long-term health outcomes. CM often interacts bidirectionally with chronic conditions affecting cognitive and physical f...

General aviation (GA) pilots use different types of weather information when assessing weather conditions during pre-flight weather briefing tasks. Of concern is low altitude weather dynamics and variability between surface weather reporting stations where conditions are known. The study presented here investigated pilot decision making regarding i...

Incident reporting and learning systems provide an opportunity to identify systemic vulnerabilities that contribute to incidents and potentially degrade quality. The narrative of an incident is intended to provide a clear, easy to understand description of an incident. Unclear, incomplete or poorly organized narratives compromise the ability to lea...

Use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in radiation therapy has increased substantially in recent years as more radiotherapy centers are having MR simulators installed, requesting more time on clinical diagnostic MR systems, or even treating with combination MR linear accelerator (MR‐linac) systems. With this increased use, to ensure the most accur...

Introduction Circadian misalignment can interact bidirectionally with existing chronic conditions, especially those affecting the physical-cognitive boundary, in a manner causing progressive degradation of the chronic condition and circadian health. Current techniques for detecting circadian misalignment involve salivary, serum, or urinary melatoni...

The concept of the “lumberjack effect” addresses important concerns regarding the role of automation (and impact of automation failure) in complex engineering systems such as aviation, power plant control rooms, and others. Conflicts between “narrow” and “broad” definitions of automation failures uncover logical inconsistencies regarding human-auto...

Function allocation and distributed task coordination are complex challenges facing many multi-team systems. These challenges are intensified in the case of human expeditions to and exploration of Mars, due to the impact of one-way light-time communication delays that can exceed 20 minutes. Research to identify, enhance, and support new requirement...

This chapter describes areas of conceptual affiliation and shared interest between PRISM research and that of the Group Performance Environments Research (GROUPER) laboratory regarding the integration of humans, technological systems, and coordinated task performance. The history of GROUPER research builds on a sociotechnical systems tradition orig...

The history of automated systems operating in space environments extends approximately 75 years; practical automated tools to support astronomical observation have existed for nearly 200. Physical servomechanisms using timers and simple predeveloped rules have evolved to hardware (and, increasingly, software) capabilities with years of functioning...

Objective: This paper surveys the existing literature surrounding problem-solving and team dynamics in complex and unpredictable scenarios, and evaluates the applicability of studying Earth-based construction teams to identify training needs for Lunar construction crews. Background: Lunar and other space exploration construction crews will work...

Societal shifts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have exposed challenges associated with online engineering education. These challenges encompass both those inherent to the digital learning environment and those associated with the scalable presentation of content to learners with a range of different backgrounds, learning goals, and user attr...

Transdisciplinary project-based learning is an opportunity for undergraduate engineering students to acquire valuable skills in translating individual knowledge to other disciplines and interacting with non-academic stakeholders. In the authors’ project-based education experience, these skills have been developed in both course-based and co-curricu...

Evaluating the initial impact of a large-scale disaster can be difficult and misdiagnosing the breadth and severity of an event may lead to a misallocation of response resources. During natural disaster response preparation, multiple classes of distributional and deep uncertainty affect decision making, increasing the range of effects influencing s...

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3779.vid Aviation meteorological surface observations are a used to explore enhancement of advisory information for pilots as part of continued efforts by an FAA Center of Excellence on reducing gaps and risks associated with general aviation and/or low-altitude operations. The Endsley model o...

Objective By understanding the physiological demands of different types of tasks that will be performed during extravehicular activity (EVA) on Mars, human performance safety risks can be mitigated. In addition, such understanding can assist in planning EVAs with an appropriate balance of human health and safety with scientific mission return. Bac...

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2955.vid This paper describes multiple research activities supported through an FAA Center of Excellence, focused on reducing gaps and risks associated with general aviation pilot decision making and use of aviation weather information. Multiple sources of information uncertainty and variabili...

The goal of the Mid-career Professional Group of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society is to support the development and mentoring of mid-career professionals. One opportunity for which early mid-career professionals lack knowledge is the sabbatical. Following a designated number of years of consecutive service, a sabbatical can provide a time f...

Purpose The purpose of this study was to provide guidance on quality management for electronic brachytherapy. Materials and Methods The task group used the risk‐assessment approach of Task Group 100 of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine. Because the quality management program for a device is intimately tied to the procedure in whic...

Cyber security increasingly focuses on the challenges faced by network defenders. Cultural and security-driven sentiments about external observation, as well as publication concerns, limit the ability of researchers to understand the context surrounding incident response. Context awareness is crucial to inform design and engineering. Furthermore, t...

Systems engineering tools have proven helpful for healthcare organizations to map sociotechnical systems, particularly prior to health IT implementation. However, these systems engineering tools are limited in that they cannot easily capture the complexities of chronic care activities. The purpose of this work is to introduce Diabetes care Roles, I...

There are difficulties associated with analyzing physiological data sets, especially those that are collected at high frequency and those obtained from uncontrolled, non-laboratory task settings. Difficulties include the fact that the data are not independent and not always normally distributed. The authors used a bootstrap ANOVA method to analyze...

Cyber security increasingly focuses on the challenges faced by network defenders. Cultural and security-driven sentiments about external observation, as well as publication concerns, limit the ability of researchers to understand the context surrounding incident response. Context awareness is crucial to inform design and engineering. Furthermore, t...

Effective integration of humans and automation in control systems engineering has been an ongoing effort since the original publication of McRuer’s descriptions of human operators in servomechanism systems in 1959. Over the past 60 years, increasing capabilities of automation and computer systems have resulted in changing considerations of function...

Advancements in capabilities for machine learning and artificial intelligence (MLAI) has led to growing questions and challenges for effective sociotechnical MLAI applications. It is important to consider applications outside of consumer product development, particularly in the realms of local, regional, national, and international policy developme...

Computer security incident response is a complex socio-technical environment that provides first line of defense against network intrusions, but struggles to obtain and keep qualified analysts at different levels of response. Practical approaches have focused on the larger skillsets and myriad supply channels for getting more qualified candidates....

Past research in procedure following has primarily concentrated on the effect of procedure-related factors on procedure compliance and non-compliance. Non-compliance is generally considered to be uniformly negative, rather than the outcome that results from other factors. However, there is a general consensus that procedures are not designed for al...

Distributed expertise task environments represent a critical, but challenging, area of team performance. As teams work together to perform complex tasks, they share much information and expertise to efficiently and effectively coordinate activities. Information coordination and alignment is affected by many factors, including communication styles a...

The authors participated in a Mars planetary science research analog that included simulated extravehicular activity (EVA) and intravehicular (IV) crewmembers with delayed communications with Earth. Within the analog context, the authors considered which information streams and sources were monitored by IV crewmembers throughout the simulated EVAs....

Current discussions of challenges and weaknesses of higher education are a source of tension in the early decades of the 21st Century. These discussions reflect the public role and impact of higher education in the early 20th Century with the growth of the land grand university model. Changing social dynamics regarding college-going populations, as...

With the increasing rate of diabetes diagnoses, more patients and healthcare providers are exchanging information. There is a need to understand these diabetes team coordination processes to help facilitate optimal patient care. However, prior to evaluating team coordination processes, it is essential to first define the members of the team. The pu...

Traditional human factors approaches to team research are inherently limited by the time and resources required to conduct laboratory and field studies. Teams can be described as systems, which can be broken down into components, behaviors, and relationships. Simulation modeling techniques have been successful in studying dynamic and emergent aspec...

The ability to monitor physiological parameters of individuals remotely while they work or live in an extreme environment is useful for promoting health and safety. There is limited demonstration of real-time, remote ambulatory physiological monitoring during field science tasks with readily available, Commercial-Off-The-Shelf, or COTS, products. I...

Over 48 million Americans are currently living with a chronic disease. To effectively manage chronic diseases, there is a need for interventions at multiple points in the care process, with integrated health information technology (HIT) systems to assist with information coordination for patients, caregivers, and providers. Systems engineering mode...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects approximately 1.7 million Americans annually, and over 5.3 million people in the US are living with a TBI-related disability. Recently the TBI rehabilitation community has championed for TBI to be viewed as a chronic condition, rather than a discrete event. Effective TBI care across the care continuum requires s...

Weather-related incidents account for the majority of general aviation accidents. Fortunately, a body of on-going, human factors research exists aimed at understanding and addressing this problem. The purpose of this session is to highlight that research. Topics will include the adequacy of pilots’ aviation weather knowledge and skills, weather inf...

Patient safety has been an area of intense attention and research across disciplines for nearly two decades, with medication safety being a key concern. Many community pharmacies have installed software programs with algorithms to detect and alert pharmacists of potentially harmful drug interactions. Despite the improvements that have been made in...

Experts in traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation recently proposed the framing of TBI as a chronic disease rather than a discrete event. Within the framework of the Chronic Care Model (CCM), a systematic comparison of three diseases – cancer survivorship, diabetes management, and TBI chronic care – was conducted regarding chronic needs and th...

As the expansion and utilization of community pharmacy systems increases, so does the risk for an adverse drug event to occur. In attempts to mitigate this risk, many community pharmacies implement health information technology (IT); however, there are challenges in integrating the wider systems components necessary for a successful implementation...

The number, size and complexity of systems currently envisioned for human space exploration missions beyond LEO, present an unprecedented architecture design challenge. Explicit costs and risk constraints make the challenge even more daunting. Space agencies and private companies continue to propose new visions for realizing space exploration aspir...

Increasingly, individuals are using more blended, hybrid, and online deliver formats in education and training. Although research exists about how the physical and social environment impact learning and training in traditional face-to-face settings, we have limited knowledge about how the environment affects learners when they are interacting with...

In order to implement an ambulatory physiological monitor in a free-range environment, a number of human performance sensing, human-computer interaction, data visualization, and wireless transmission technologies must be effectively and unobtrusively integrated. The Zephyr BioHarnessTM is being integrated into NASA’s Biologic Analog Science Associa...

Description While long a popular place of wonder, there is now additional emphasis about spending time on Mars, if you’re a robot (Opportunity, Curiosity), a one-way ticket holder (Mars One), or an accidental resident (Mark Watney). (Statistically, it’s a good bet that Mark or one of his crew mates would have spent time in Indiana.) Whether you wer...

This paper discusses several elements of communication, coordination, and event response dynamics from a combination of cognitive ergonomics and systems engineering analysis perspectives. Event response coordinators and managers of critical infrastructure networks are faced with cognitive challenges due to bounded sociotechnical rationality and cog...

Mental workload measurement has been a traditional and well-used method in human factors for over 50 years and continues to be highly relevant today. It has been applied to a variety of fields, including healthcare, though subjects have been clinicians rather than patients. Subjective mental workload measures are based on the assumptions that subje...

This paper is based on a presentation and conference proceedings paper given at the 65th International Astronautical Congress. The paper addresses concerns in education and public outreach (EPO) in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). The author serves as a Director of a US statewide NASA-funded Space Grant Consortium, with resp...

Team environments are becoming a standard for teaching project management and integration in higher education institutions as well as engineering workplaces. Engineering and technology curricula especially have an emphasis on group work and collaboration, and now extend beyond a physical classroom into distance learning environments. This paper emp...

This article addresses factors that will influence future human spaceflight missions. A fictional Mars expedition vignette highlights how a future Mars expedition may be tied to societal challenges and research priorities on Earth. Historical aspects of the Apollo era are used to emphasize sociotechnical factors that can influence goals, priorities...

In early 2014, a number of large-scale adverse weather events in the United States (and elsewhere) have renewed discussions of event response and resilience. Unlike events caused by human error or malicious intent, adverse natural events can be seen as uncontrolled and unpreventable; the measure of response success is the mitigation of adverse and...

To cope with the increasingly competitive and demanding markets, CNC machine tool company needs a new form of development that focuses on two core competency factors: ‘process’ and ‘knowledge’. This study presents a knowledge-centric process management framework for the CNC machine tool design and development (D&D) with the integration of process a...

Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second most common cause of death among both genders. Since early detection can significantly improve patients’ survival rate, one of the physician’s primary obligations is to develop adequate screening plans to achieve early detection. Instead of using operational research models to make s...

In the last decade, there have been significant developments into integration of robots and automation tools with brachytherapy delivery systems. These systems aim to improve the current paradigm by executing higher precision and accuracy in seed placement, improving calculation of optimal seed locations, minimizing surgical trauma, and reducing ra...

Across a number of complex control room settings, there are concerns regarding operator information overload and alarm flooding. The evolution of control room technological capabilities has accelerated in recent years, due to drastic improvements in computer processing power, speed, and sensor integration. However, aging infrastructure and retiring...

Over 1.7 million traumatic brain injuries (TBI) occur annually in the US, as well as over 20% of deployed military service members. Although normative TBI data are available, each TBI experience is unique. Rehabilitation efforts aim to return the patient back to his or her previous cognitive baseline, but pre-trauma cognitive data rarely exists. Co...

The current emphasis on Resilience Week and the International Symposium on Resilient Cognitive Systems highlights a growing awareness of the importance of designing and operating engineering systems under a variety of environmental conditions and in response to dynamic events. Although there has been considerable confusion and drift in the use of t...

Traditional analog alarms are nearly always exclusively binary, resulting in a single audio signal display sounding in order to inform users of a particular system parameter which has varied from within its predefined limits. During emergency situations, users can be faced with multiple simultaneous alarms, each relaying information concerning diff...

What was unthinkable as little as five years ago now seems to be on the brink of becoming a reality in the foreseeable future – a world in which commercial space travel is as commonplace as commercial aviation travel is today. The scientific research community will play a vital role in achieving this reality while supporting the safety of both pass...

Electronic health records (EHRs) are becoming an important aspect of how members of a healthcare organization organize and share patient information effectively and efficiently in patient care. EHRs can provide substantial potential benefits to healthcare providers, if roles and tasks are well coordinated between providers and patients. Poor or inc...

Since its founding over 15 years ago, JHPEE has always had a focal emphasis on human performance in space. Thus, it is no surprise that we would want to highlight a new book from astronaut Jerry L Ross, who has set records for launches and spacewalks with NASA. However, there is always more to an astronaut biography, as we have learned since the da...

Alarm flooding occurs because of systemic overreliance on alarms and recurrent manpower shortage in control environments due to the relative unpredictability and scarcity of emergency states. As alarm technology has become cheaper, digitized, and more effective, its pervasiveness has increased. Organizations trying to reduce costs, human error, and...

This paper describes a recently completed project to develop a human factors informed simulation of team-based expert coordination and knowledge sharing tasks in a complex and resilient control system. The project explores processes of anomaly response in NASA spaceflight mission control teams, using as a baseline example the mission profile and an...

Purpose: To date, 13 robotic brachytherapy systems have been developed incorporating a variety of imaging, control, and delivery techniques. The joint AAPM/ESTRO TG-192 report presents a new protocol for the validation of brachytherapy robotic systems and a review of the various brachytherapy systems. This study examines spatial positioning accurac...

The primary objective of this research was to compare procedure-based task performance using three common mobile screen sizes: ultra mobile personal computer (7 in./17.8 cm), personal data assistant (3.5 in./8.9 cm), and SmartPhone (2.8 in./7.1 cm). Subjects used these three screen sizes to view and execute a computer maintenance procedure. Results...

Incentives have been encouraging more healthcare providers to implement electronic prescribing systems in their facilities. The change in media used to communicate the outpatient prescription impacts the use of media for additional pharmacy-patient and pharmacy-provider communications. Media (for the purpose of this report) are divided by mediated/...

This paper presents a functional model (one that describes processes, interactions, and evolution of time) that describes the process of solving problems that takes place in a team of expert engineers and scientists. The context is real-time, safety-critical NASA spaceflight mission operations, specifically the team of flight controllers in the Mis...

The Indiana Space Grant Consortium (INSGC) is one of 52 consortia funded by the NASA Office of Education to create a network of cooperative and interdisciplinary programs to promote science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education. Although the National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program ("Space Grant") is primarily a highe...

This paper addresses the authors' ongoing work to provide a simulation-based human factors approach to studying autonomy in spaceflight mission operations. Despite increasing challenges for coordination and effective integration among mission control centers, spaceflight crews, and robotic assistants, understanding of dynamic autonomy requirements...

This research focused on developing a general health report that conveys an individual’s health readings in a clear, concise and explanatory manner and demonstrating the report’s usefulness. The research examined the need for such a report and focused the design on the determined need and communication through visual display. The designed “Individu...

Purpose: To report progress made by AAPM Task Group 192 which was charged to review the state‐of‐the‐art systems for robotic interstitial brachytherapy and to recommend commissioning and quality assurance procedures for the safe and consistent clinical use of these systems. Methods: In the last decade, there have been significant developments in me...

The utility of most information or acquired knowledge can be considered a function of context. Meaningful information provides insight to the situation at hand. While all meaningful information is useful, not all useful information can be used in a specific situation. Metadata, often defined as data about data, can help differentiate the contextual...

Successful diagnosis and treatment of patients is affected by what information is shared between the physician and the patient, as well as among the physician and other healthcare professionals involved in the patient's care plan. In some cases, important information gets lost during communication due to differences in expertise and perspective. Th...

The rise of multiple online social network sites represents a new set of opportunities for persons to develop and sustain a variety of personal and professional personas with increasing ranges of access. In some cases, these sites allow individuals to enable or re-establish connections with members of a social network that are separated over time a...

An architectural analysis model is presented and demonstrated that is built from a System-of-Systems Engineering process model. The analysis subject is the design of Command, Control, Communications, and Information (C3I) services for a campaign of crewed and robotic lunar surface missions. Agent models represent constituent systems and generate in...

This review paper addresses issues in how healthcare providers search, obtain, and share resources in provider teams. Based in part on a System of Systems (SoS) analysis of provider coordination and resource flows, this paper expands the concepts of resource foraging theory and event dynamics to develop systematic methods for studying healthcare pr...

This paper demonstrates how a survey of carefully selected analogs can be employed to map the multi-dimensional trade space for the design of information exchange oriented services in a system-of-systems context. Pursuant to this idea, a survey was conducted across historical and contemporary analogs for crewed and robotic lunar surface operation m...

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission set to launch in 2011 is a highly advanced and fission-powered version of the successful and long lasting Mars Exploration Rover, or MER-class of rovers. It will have the ability to conduct surface operations for longer periods of time compared to its predecessors with enhanced functionality among its scien...

The objective of this research was to develop an empirically supported language for describing strategies and processes that healthcare providers utilise to obtain, share and use resources during healthcare delivery. A combination of observational data from clinical providers and reviews of prior literature in the resource foraging domain have resu...

Co-op rotations and practicum-style internships are common educational and professional development activities at the undergraduate level in engineering colleges. However, this practice is much less frequent in graduate engineering programs, presumably because of the focus on graduate research activity. Should similar limitations extend to graduate...

Healthcare delivery is complex and difficult to navigate for patients, providers, and pharmacists. A system-of-systems perspective to integrate all key players (patients, providers, pharmacists) is used to evaluate information flow paths and knowledge coordination used in the outpatient medication process. E-prescribing occurs when the provider ele...

This article describes a series of studies conducted to examine factors affecting user perceptions, responses, and tolerance for network-based computer delays affecting distributed human-computer-network interaction (HCNI) tasks. HCNI tasks, even with increasing computing and network bandwidth capabilities, are still affected by human perceptions o...

This research focused on developing a general health report that conveys an individual's health readings in a clear, concise and explanatory manner and demonstrating the report's usefulness. The research examined the need for such a report and focused the design on the determined need and communication through visual display. The designed “Individu...

Teamwork and task coordination is essential in spaceflight mission operations for organizations such as NASA. However, future operational requirements in the Constellation Program suggest a need to reduce fulltime mission operations staffing. Technology to achieve these goals must focus on supporting operator teamwork and team coordination, helping...

Distributed product development teams require integration of expertise from multiple technical disciplines and, in some companies, geographical and organizational diversity as well. Systems engineering methodologies can be applied to measure and support the effectiveness of knowledge sharing in complex, time sensitive development environments. In a...

The goal of this study was to conduct preliminary research to inform system design for an advanced NASA assembly task. The primary objective of this research was to compare procedure-based task performance with three common mobile screen sizes: Ultra Mobile Personal Computer (7in/17.8cm), Personal Data Assistant (3.5in/8.9cm), and SmartPhone (2.8in...

This paper introduces an integration-level analysis tool to provide feedback for high-level trade spaces. The Purdue University Lunar C3I Model integrates approximations of several domain-specific models to simulate for many years the effect of network and asset parameters. This paper discusses the communication, anomaly response, and autonomy simu...

A survey across a wide range of historical, status quo, and related analogues can be performed to form a multi-dimensional trade space for the design of the NASA Constellation Program's Lunar Command, Control, Communication, and Information (C3I) architecture. In turn, a comprehensive mapping of the architectural trade space informs which design va...