Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz

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• Professor
• Professor at University of Łódź

The severe side effects of systemic chemotherapy for cervical cancer encourage the use of topical intravaginal drug delivery systems. 5-fluorouracil, 5-FU, is an anticancer drug accepted in clinical use in the cancer therapy of colorectal, gastric, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, it shows low activity against cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and...

Efficient and safe carriers of genetic material are crucial for advancing gene therapy. Three new series of cationic dendritic nanocarriers based on a carbosilane scaffold, differentiated by peripheral modifications: saccharide (CS-glyco), amine (CS-N), and phosphonium dendrimers (CS-P) were designed for binding, protecting, and releasing polyanion...

Amphiphilic dendrons or Janus dendrimers self-assembling into nanoscale vesicles offer promising avenues for drug delivery. Triazine-carbosilane dendrons have shown great potential for the intracellular delivery of rose bengal, additionally enhancing...

A series of 6 small PAMAM dendrimers (G0-dendrimers) differing in the size, polarity and flexibility has been synthesized. The toxicity has been investigated in three different human cancer cell lines (HeLa, MCF-7, THP-1) and the endothelial skin cell line HMEC-1 in order to evaluate their potential as vehicles for drug delivery.

Zn(II) and Cu(II) complexes of a generation 4 DAB-core PAMAM dendrimer with 5-methoxycarbonyl-2-pyrrolidinone (Pyrr) surface groups were prepared and investigated as carriers for siRNA in different cell lines. The Cu(II) complex (CuSO4)18@DAB-dendr-(Pyrr)64 is significantly better than lipofectamine for transfection of macrophages, while the Zn(II)...

In the face of severe side effects of systemic chemotherapy used in cervical cancer, topical selective drug carriers with long-lasting effects are being sought. Hydrogels are suitable platforms, but their use is problematic in the case of delivery of hydrophobic drugs with anticancer activity. Herein, hydrogels constructed of unimolecular micelles...

In recent years, dendrimer-based vesicles, known as dendrimersomes, have garnered significant attention as highly promising alternatives to lipid vesicles in a variety of biomedical applications. Dendrimersomes offer several advantages, including relatively straightforward synthesis, non-immunogenic properties, stability in circulation, and minimal...

Amyloid β peptide can aggregate into thin β-sheet fibrils or plaques deposited on the extracellular matrix, which is the hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. Multifunctional macromolecular structures play an important role in inhibiting the aggregate formation of amyloidogenic materials and thus are promising candidates with antiamyloidogenic character...

Cancer is a global health problem being the second worldwide cause of deaths right after cardiovascular diseases. The main methods of cancer treatment involve surgery, radiation and chemotherapy with an emphasis on the latter. Thus development of nanochemistry and nanomedicine in a search for more effective and safer cancer treatment is an importan...

Background Mesalazine is one of the main drugs used to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. However, its applicability is limited by its rapid inactivation and removal from the organism, as well as the need for its membrane transporter-dependent cellular uptake to exert therapeutic effect. The present study involved the development of an innovative n...

Due to its fluorescent properties and high yield of singlet oxygen, rose bengal (RB) is one of the most promising photosensitizers for cancer treatment. However, the negative charge of RB molecule may significantly hamper its intracellular delivery by passive diffusion through the cell membrane. Thus, specific membrane protein transporters may be n...

Clotrimazole, a hydrophobic drug routinely used in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis, also shows antitumor activity. However, its use in chemotherapy has been unsuccessful to date due to its low solubility in aqueous media. In this work, new unimolecular micelles based on polyether star-hyperbranched carriers of clotrimazole are presented that c...

Injectable, self-healing hydrogels with enhanced solubilization of hydrophobic drugs are urgently needed for antimicrobial intravaginal therapies. Here, we report the first hydrogel systems constructed of dynamic boronic esters cross-linking unimolecular micelles, which are a reservoir of antifungal hydrophobic drug molecules. The selective hydroph...

Photodynamic therapy is one of the best alternatives to chemo-, radio- or surgical therapy, as it is noninvasive and causes no severe side effects. The mechanism of photodynamic therapy involves activation of the drug (photosensitizer) with light of appropriate wavelength, which combined with molecular oxygen, leads to production of reactive oxygen...

Biomedical applications of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) may be limited by their toxicological effects. Although surface-modified AuNPs can induce apoptosis, less is known about whether they can induce other types of cell death. Pyroptosis, an inflammatory type of programmed cell death, can be induced in immune cells, especially macrophages, by bacter...

Background The search for new formulations for photodynamic therapy is intended to improve the outcome of skin cancer treatment using significantly reduced doses of photosensitizer, thereby avoiding side effects. The incorporation of photosensitizers into nanoassemblies is a versatile way to increase the efficiency and specificity of drug delivery...

Cover art associated with doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01080

Rose bengal is an anionic dye considered as a potential photosensitizer for anticancer photodynamic therapy. The clinical utility of rose bengal is hampered by its short half-life, limited transmembrane transport, aggregation, and self-quenching; consequently, efficient drug carriers that overcome these obstacles are urgently required. In this stud...

In this paper, we present novel well-defined unimolecular micelles constructed a on poly(furfuryl glycidyl ether) core and highly hydrophilic poly(glyceryl glycerol ether) shell, PFGE-b-PGGE. The copolymer was synthesized via anionic ring-opening polymerization of furfuryl glycidyl ether and (1,2-isopropylidene glyceryl) glycidyl ether, respectivel...

New therapeutic strategies for personalized medicine need to involve innovative pharmaceutical tools, for example, modular nanoparticles designed for direct immunomodulatory properties. We synthesized mannose-functionalized poly(propyleneimine) glycodendrimers with a novel architecture, where freely accessible mannose moieties are presented on poly...

In this paper, we present systematic studies concerning the synthesis protocol, functionalisation process, characterisation and cytotoxic effects of thioglucose‐modified gold nanoparticles (TG‐AuNPs). The characterisation of AuNPs and TG‐AuNPs was performed using: scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and...

In recent years, the use of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of different generations as building blocks or reactive modules to construct core-shell tecto dendrimers (CSTDs) that are superior to the performance of single-generation dendrimers has received great attention in the field of biomedical applications. The CSTDs are always based on high...

A novel strategy, recently developed by us, to use polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) as an anti-cancer drug carrier is presented. Anthracycline:POSS complexes were prepared by simple co-addition of doxorubicin (DOX) or daunorubicin (DAU) with hydrophilic POSS(OH)32. Co-delivery of POSS and anthracyclines led to higher anti-cancer activit...

The influence of free fatty acids (FFAs) on the nisin-membrane interaction was investigated through micro-DSC and fluorescence spectroscopy. A simple but informative model membrane was prepared (5.7 DMPC:3.8 DPPS:0.5 DOPC molar ratio) by considering the presence of different phospholipid headgroups in charge and size and different phospholipid tail...

Gene therapy is one of the most promising approaches for potential application in the treatment of diseases, ranging from cancer and heritable disorders to infectious diseases. Before nucleic acid molecules can reach their site of action inside target cells, they must overcome several obstacles. Thus, to fully exploit the therapeutic potential of n...

Tecto(dendrimers) are well-defined, dendrimer cluster type covalent structures. In this article, we present the synthesis of such a PAMAM [G5:G3-(TREN)]-N-(4-carbomethoxy) pyrrolidone terminated tecto(dendrimer). This tecto(dendrimer) exhibits nontraditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL; excitation 376 nm; emission 455 nm) that has been attributed...

Gene therapy is a promising approach in cancer treatment; however, current methods have a number of limitations mainly due to the difficulty in delivering therapeutic nucleic acids to their sites of action. The application of non-viral carriers based on nanomaterials aims at protecting genetic material from degradation and enabling its effective in...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a skin cancer treatment alternative to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This method exploits three elements: a phototoxic compound (photosensitizer), light source and oxygen. Upon irradiation by light of a specific wavelength, the photosensitizer generates reactive oxygen species triggering the cascade of reactions leadi...

The disruption of the cellular pathways of protein biosynthesis through the mechanism of RNA interference has been recognized as a tool of great diagnostic and therapeutic significance. However, in order to fully exploit the potential of this phenomenon, efficient and safe carriers capable of overcoming extra- and intracellular barriers and deliver...

Gemcitabine, a cytostatic drug from the pyrimidine antimetabolite group, exhibits limited storage stability and numerous side effects during therapy. One of the strategies to improve the effectiveness of therapy with such drugs is the use of supramolecular nano-containers, including dendrimers and macrocyclic compounds. The ability of gemcitabine t...

Glycodendrimers are a novel group of dendrimers (DDMs) characterized by surface modifications with various types of glycosides. It has been shown previously that such modifications significantly decrease the cytotoxicity of DDMs. Here, we present an investigation of glucose-modified carbosilane DDMs (first-third-generation, DDM1-3Glu) interactions...

In order to enhance intracellular uptake and accumulation of therapeutic nucleic acids for improved gene therapy methods, numerous delivery vectors have been elaborated. Based on their origin, gene carriers are generally classified as viral or non-viral vectors. Due to their significantly reduced immunogenicity and highly optimized methods of synth...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive technique which has proven to be successful in the treatment of several types of tumors. This relatively simple method exploits three inseparable elements: phototoxic compound (photosensitizer [PS]), light source, and oxygen. Upon irradiation by light with specified wavelength, PS generates reactiv...

Purpose Conjugation of nanocarriers with antibodies that bind to specific membrane receptors that are overexpressed in cancer cells enables targeted delivery. In the present study, we developed and synthesised two PAMAM dendrimer-trastuzumab conjugates that carried docetaxel or paclitaxel, specifically targeted to cells which overexpressed HER-2....

Taxanes are considered fundamental drugs in the treatment of breast cancer, but despite the similarities, docetaxel (doc) and paclitaxel (ptx) work differently. For this reason, it is interesting to identify mechanisms of antitumor activity of PAMAM dendrimer conjugates that carry docetaxel or paclitaxel and monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, specifi...

Drug delivery systems are molecular platforms in which an active compound is packed into or loaded on a biocompatible nanoparticle. Such a solution improves the activity of the applied drug or decreases its side effects. Dendrimers are promising molecular platforms for drug delivery due to their unique properties. These macromolecules are known for...

Purpose In order to overcome the obstacles and side effects of classical chemotherapy, numerous studies have been performed to develop the treatment based on targeted transport of active compounds directly to the site of action. Since tumor cells are featured with intensified glucose metabolism, we set out to develop innovative, glucose-modified PA...

Historically, poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers were the first macromolecular structures reported to exhibit “non-traditional intrinsic luminescence” (NTIL) properties. Initially this unique intrinsic luminescent property suggested the possibility of dendrimer based biological imaging without the need for conjugating external labels. Unfortunatel...

The therapeutic effect of indomethacin, a water-insoluble non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, requires its efficient transport through cellular membranes and accumulation inside the target cells. The application of dendritic polymers has been proposed for the improvement of the drug's solubility and intracellular delivery. In this study we evalua...

Poly(propyleneimine) glycodendrimers are proposed as nanocarriers for triphosphate forms of anticancer adenosine analogues to improve the efficiency of chemotherapy and to overcome drug resistance mechanisms. This approach has proven successful for fludarabine administration—an autonomous way of cellular entry of a nucleotide–dendrimer noncovalent...

Design of dual mode or multimode contrast agents or nanoplatforms with antifouling properties is crucial for improved cancer diagnosis since the antifouling materials are able to escape the clearance of reticuloendothelial system with improved pharmacokinetics. Herein, we present the creation of zwitterionic gadolinium (III) (Gd(III))-complexed den...

In the recent years a number of reports have emerged on the use of dendrimers as nanocarriers for many therapeutic compounds. These polyvalent, monodisperse, usually globular macromolecules, due to their well-defined, highly-branched structure, provide improved solubility of the drugs, high loading capacity and controllable biodistribution. Numerou...

Fludarabine is an anticancer antimetabolite essential for modern chemotherapy, but its efficacy is limited due to the complex pharmacokinetics. We demonstrated the potential use of maltose-modified poly(propyleneimine) dendrimer as drug delivery agent to improve the efficiency of therapy with fludarabine. In this study, we elaborated a novel synthe...

Colloidal gold has been studied for its potential application in medicine for centuries. However, synthesis and evaluation of various gold nanoparticles have only recently met with a wide interest of scientists. Current studies confirm numerous advantages of nanogold over different nanomaterials, primarily due to highly optimized protocols for prod...

This article reviews activities related to a new photoluminescence phenomenon involving inexplicable blue fluorescence emissions first observed in simple aliphatic amines and poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers over two decades ago. Although this luminogenic phenomenon follows certain traditional luminescence paradigm (TFP) principles, it exhibits...

A unique photoluminescent phenomenon producing inexplicable, blue emissions [λEx = 365 nm; λEm = 460 nm] in the absence of traditional aromatic fluorophores has been observed in a variety of surface functionalized poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers over the past two decades. This emission phenomenon, referred to as non-traditional intrinsic fluore...

COX-2 inhibitors such as Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most common treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases like arthritis and atherosclerosis. However, they are associated with severe side effects such as cardiovascular events or stomach bleeding, due to co-inhibition of other enzymes (COX1) and off target accumulation....

Modern methods of chemotherapy bring promising results in the treatment of cancer, however they are still far from perfect. Patients subjected to this type of therapy usually suffer from various side effects, caused by systemic toxicity, unfavorable biodistribution or low specificity of action of anticancer drugs. Since the development of new thera...

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Intrinsic, non-traditional fluorescence of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers that do not possess classical fluorophores has been attracting considerable interest for the last decade. Many hypotheses regarding the source of the fluorescence have appeared, but some of them are still disputable. In order to shed new light on the nature of the phenomen...

Adenosine analogue drugs (such as fludarabine or cladribine) require transporter-mediated uptake into cells and subsequent phosphorylation for anticancer activity. Therefore, application of nanocarrier systems for direct delivery of active triphosphate nucleotides has been proposed. Here, we applied isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and zeta p...

Poly(propyleneimine) (PPI) dendrimers fully surface-modified with disaccharide moieties (maltose, cellobiose and lactose) designed to mimic natural lectin receptor ligands, were tested for their bioactivity in two myeloid cell lines: THP-1 and HL-60. Depending on the sugar modification, we observed variable activation of NF-κB, AP-1 and NF-AT signa...

The strategy utilizing trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER-2), as a therapeutic agent in HER-2 positive breast cancer therapy seems to have advantage over traditional chemotherapy, especially when given in combination with anticancer drugs. However, the effectiveness of single antibody or anti...

Fludarabine, a nucleoside analogue antimetabolite, has complicated pharmacokinetics requiring facilitated transmembrane transport and intracellular conversion to triphosphate nucleotide form (Ara-FATP), causing it to be susceptible to emergence of drug resistance. We are testing a promising strategy to improve its clinical efficacy by direct delive...

Background: The biological features of dendrimers are affected by the character of highly-reactive terminal moieties. In some polyamine dendrimer types the surface charge makes them bio-incompatible and prevent their direct medical application. Moreover, foreign particles can induce the immune response which is undesirable due to the adverse side...

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The amyloid peptide fibrillogenesis induced by Cu(II) ions is a key event in the occurrence of Alzheimer disease. Dendrimers have been found active in preventing fibril formation. Therefore, they are promising drugs to care Alzheimer. In this study, the fibrillation mechanism of the amyloid peptide Aβ 1-40 was studied by adding Cu(II) in the absenc...

Traditional amine terminated PAMAM dendrimers may be readily surface engineered by a facile one-pot conversion with dialkyl itaconate esters into 4-carbomethoxypyrrolidone terminated PAMAM (G = 0-4) dendrimers. These terminated dendrimers are uniquely characterized by exhibiting blue fluorescence emissions (λexc = 370 nm, λmaxem = 440 nm). Thanks t...

Dendrimer science is a relatively new branch of nanotechnology focused on non-linear macromolecules called dendrimers. These hyperbranched polymers are characterized by monodispersity, highly defined structure and – depending on specific type of dendrimer – good biocompatibility. Due to possibility of encapsulation or surface conjugation of guest m...

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), bearing eight 3-chloroammoniumpropyl substituents, was studied as a potential nanocarrier in co-delivery systems with doxorubicin (DOX). The toxicity of doxorubicin and POSS:DOX complexes at four different molar ratios (1:1; 1:2, 1:4, 1:8) towards microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1), breast cancer c...

Poly(propylene imine) dendrimers of 4th generation partially modified with maltose (open shell structure, PPI-m OS) have been proposed as carriers for nucleotide anticancer drugs. The aim of this work was to provide basic insight into interactions between fluorescently labeled PPI-m dendrimer and two distinct leukemia cell models: CCRF-1301 lymphoi...

Thrombin is an essential part of the blood coagulation system; it is a serine protease that converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble strands of fibrin, and catalyzes many other coagulation-related reactions. Absorption at its surface of small nanoparticles can completely change the biological properties of thrombin. We have analyzed the influence...

In the last couple of decades, photodynamic therapy emerged as a useful tool in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. However, it still meets limitations due to unfavorable properties of photosensitizers, such as poor solubility or lack of selectivity. Dendrimers - polymers widely studied in biomedical field - may play a role as photosensitizer ca...

The efficiency of photodynamic therapy is limited mainly due to low selectivity, unfavorable biodistribution of photosensitizers, and long-lasting skin sensitivity to light. However, drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles may overcome the limitations mentioned above. Among others, dendrimers are particularly attractive as carriers, because of...

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Dendrimers constitute a class of hyperbranched macromolecules with several potential applications due to their unique properties such as a well-defined structure, multivalency and biocompatibility. These polymers became one of the most promising drug nanocarriers, providing improved solubility of therapeutics, high loading capacity and controllable...

Regardless of the route of administration, some or all of a therapeutic agent will appear in the blood stream, where it can act on blood cells and other components of the plasma. Recently we have shown that poly(ethylene imines) (PEIs) which interact with plasma proteins are taken up into erythrocyte membranes. These observations led us to investig...

Purpose: Fourth-generation poly(propylene imine) dendrimers fully surface-modified by maltose (dense shell, PPI-m DS) were shown to be biocompatible in cellular models, which is important for their application in drug delivery. We decided to verify also their inherent bioactivity, including immunomodulatory activity, for potential clinical applicat...

Maltose-modified poly(propylene imine) glycodendrimers (PPI-m OS) of the 4th generation provide a promising strategy for leukemia treatment. Anticancer therapy with nucleoside analog drugs such as cytarabine (Ara-C) frequently has limited efficacy due to drug resistance, inefficient uptake and accumulation of the drug inside cancer cells where it h...

For several decades, the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as, for instance, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD) represented an important challenge due to the difficulty in delivering drug molecules and imaging agents to the brain. Two strategies have been developed aimed at achie...

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Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells are characterized by failures in the apoptosis pathway and increased proliferation, resulting in the progressive accumulation of B-lymphocytes in blood. Despite the wide range of antileukaemic drugs, CLL remains an incurable disease. However, a breakthrough is expected which will allow more eff...

The application of dendrimers for biological and medical purposes is highly dependent and provided by the type of surface group in relation to cytotoxicity. Since amine terminated PAMAM dendrimers have shown to have toxic properties and thereby limited applications in the medical field, the discovery of new non-toxic surface coating is of great int...

Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer in women. It has been confirmed that approximately 30% of patients have overexpression of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) on the surface of tumor cells. Trastuzumab - a recombinant, humanized monoclonal antibody - is directed against this receptor. Its use in traditional chemotherapy (wit...

The systemic or local administration of a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy is highly limited by poor selectivity, rapid deactivation and long-lasting skin toxicity due to unfavorable biodistribution. Drug delivery systems based on nanocarriers may help specific and effective delivery of photosensitizers. In the present paper, the interactio...

Dendrimers due to their unique architecture may play an important role in drug delivery systems including chemotherapy, gene therapy and recently, photodynamic therapy as well. We investigated two dendrimer-photosensitizer systems in context of potential use of these systems in photodynamic therapy. The mixtures of an anionic phosphorus dendrimer o...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by aggregation of extracellular β-amyloid and the intracellular microtubule-associated protein (MAP) Tau. Neurodegeneration is associated inter alia with activation of microglial cells, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and diminished transduction of impulses in...

In this review we highlight the potential for biomedical applications of dendritic glycopolymers based on polyamine scaffolds. The complex interplay of the molecular characteristics of the dendritic architectures and their specific interactions with various (bio)molecules are elucidated with various examples. A special role of the individual sugar...

The main objective of nanomedicine research is the development of nanoparticles as drug delivery systems or drugs per se to tackle diseases as cancer, which are a leading cause of death with developed nations. Targeted treatments against solid tumors generally lead to dramatic regressions, but, unfortunately, the responses are often short-lived due...

Cytotoxicity of cationic amino-terminated PAMAM dendrimer and modified PAMAM-pyrrolidone dendrimer was compared. LDH assay and cell visualization technique were employed. Mouse embryonic hippocampal cells (mHippoE-18) were used. The experiments were performed in FBS-deprived medium. Pyrrolidone-modification significantly diminished toxicity of PAMA...

In this work, the interactions between a viologen phosphorus dendrimer of generation 0 (VPD) and ATP or 2`-/3`-O-(N`-methylanthraniloyl)-ATP (Mant-ATP) were investigated by NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy methods. ATP and Mant-ATP were used as model molecules of purine and pyrimidine nucleoside analogs (NAs) which are antimetabolites commonly use...

Nanoparticles are attractive for many biomedical applications such as imaging, therapeutics and diagnostics. This new book looks at different soft nanoparticles and their current and potential uses in medicine and health including magnetoliposomes, micro/nanogels, polymeric micelles, DNA particles, dendrimers and bicelles. Each chapter provides a d...

Fluoroquinolones, including ciprofloxacin, are often used to treat bacterial diseases. Due to the spread of drug resistance among microorganisms, alternative treatments are being sought. We report here on the antimicrobial activity of generation 4 (G4) PPI dendrimers in the presence of ciprofloxacin against the reference strains of Gram-positive ba...

: Journal of Controlled Release 181 (2014) 40–52. This paper reviews the biodistribution, toxicity and pharmacokinetics of pure dendrimers and their complexes with nucleic acids (dendriplexes) in animals, including mice, rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs. Methods and results will both be discussed. The paradigm about dendrimers' toxicity based on in v...

The initial version of our article which was published in Journal of Controlled Release: Dzmitry Shcharbin, Anna Janaszewska, Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz, Barbara Ziemba, Volha Dzmitruk, Inessa Halets, Svetlana Loznikova, Natallia Shcharbina, Katarzyna Milowska, Maksim Ionov, Antos Shakhbazau, Maria Bryszewska, How to study Dendrimers and Dendriple...

Colloids and surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2014, Vol. 116, P. 757-760. ABSTRACT: Dendrimers' action on proteins and peptides has a dual and controversial character. On one hand, they dissolve prion protein and amyloid fibrils aggregates, which are otherwise only soluble in solvents containing both detergents and high denaturant concentrations. On the...

We have investigated the interactions between cationic NN16 and BDBR0011 carbosilane dendrimers with red blood cells or their cell membranes. The carbosilane dendrimers used possess 16 cationic functional groups. Both the dendrimers are made of water-stable carbon-silicon bonds, but NN16 possesses some oxygen-silicon bonds that are unstable in wate...

Despite the studies of dendrimers for biomedical application, the antibacterial activity of dendrimers has not been extensively explored. In the presented study we evaluate the antimicrobial activity of poly(propylene imine) dendrimers (PPI-G4) and their derivatives modified with maltose (PPI-25%mG4) in combination with nadifloxacin against Gram-ne...