Bar Oryan

Lamont - Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University · Marine Geology and Geophysics

The strength of faults was vigorously debated for years, but lately a growing number of studies suggest that faults are weaker than originally suggested. Nonetheless, only a handful of natural faults have been studied in detail, and only one, the San Andreas, is a strike-slip fault. Here, we reanalyze 268 surface heat flow measurements taken in the...

Deltas, the low-lying land at river mouths, are sensitive to the delicate balance between sea level rise, land subsidence and sedimentation. Bangladesh and the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta (GBD) have been highlighted as a region at risk from sea-level rise, but reliable estimates of land subsidence have been limited. While early studies suggested high...

This poster represents a summary of our e orts to understand the variations in subsidence of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta (GBD), both spatially and with depth. The GBD, the world's largest, like all deltas, is sinking due to compaction, isostasy, tectonics and human interventions. Its future is dependent on understanding the balance between sea lev...

A subset of megathrust earthquakes produce anomalously large tsunamis for their magnitude. All of these recorded ‘tsunami earthquakes’ in the past 50 years had extensional aftershocks in the upper plate. These include the two largest and most destructive earthquakes of that period, the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman and the 2011 Tohoku events. Evidence from...

On the eastern flank of the India-Eurasia collision, the Indian plate is obliquely colliding beneath southeast Asia. While typical oceanic subduction occurs beneath the Sumatra-Andaman subduction zone, the continuation of this plate boundary to the north encounters the thick sediments of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta (GBMD). Here, the IndoBur...

Numerical simulations emulating the formation of the Dead Sea Basin (DSB) infer that it could not have been formed as a pull-apart basin with a surface heat flow lower than 50 mW/m2. However, previous measurements determined values of 32-40 mW/m2 . This contradiction is known as the “Dead Sea heat flow paradox”. Here we set to re-examine the “parad...

Methane hydrates in fine-grained continental slope sediments often occupy isolated depth intervals surrounded by hydrate-free sediments. As they are not connected to deep gas sources, these hydrate deposits have been interpreted as sourced by in situ microbial methane. We investigate here the hypothesis that these isolated hydrate accumulations for...

The Indo-Burman ranges (IBR), spanning Bangladesh, India and Myanmar, are the planet's largest example of subduction accretion. The IBR absorbs oblique (~70˚) convergence of the ~13-19 km thick Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta (GBD) on the Indian plate with the Burma microplate. The eastward component of convergence, perpendicular to the northerly structur...