Baptiste Barbot

Université Catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain | UCLouvain · Psychological Sciences Research Institute

The idea of a "creativity crisis" is widely accepted in the creativity and education literature. Its popular interpretation as a decline in creativity across generations originates from Kim's (2011) influential analysis of the re-norming data in the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). The present work offers a critical review and reappraise...

Although developmental science has always been evolving, these times of fast-paced and profound social and scientific changes easily lead to disori- enting fragmentation rather than coherent scien- tific advances. What directions should developmen- tal science pursue to meaningfully address real- world problems that impact human development through...

Empathy emerges as a pivotal skill in creative writing, yet previous studies lack an understanding of empathy's multidimensionality and specific impact of its facets on the capacity to generate narrative stories. This cross-sectional study delved into the various cognitive and affective empathy facets—that is, perspective-taking, online simulation,...

Creative thinking is a primary driver of innovation in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), allowing students and practitioners to generate novel hypotheses, flexibly connect information from diverse sources, and solve ill-defined problems. To foster creativity in STEM education, there is a crucial need for assessment tools for measur...

Researchers and educators interested in creative writing need a reliable and efficient tool to score the creativity of narratives, such as short stories. Typically, human raters manually assess narrative creativity, but such subjective scoring is limited by labor costs and rater disagreement. Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable succe...

At preschool age, children need to develop socio‐emotional skills, including empathy, in order to adapt their response during social interactions with peers and adults in various contexts. When preschoolers face difficulties in their social interactions, it is relevant to assess their empathy in order to know whether a specific preventive intervent...

The publisher has provided 50 free eprints at the link below: https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/KTKVMEMSEBSU4VPVIT8B/full?target=10.1080/10400419.2023.2285546

The visual modality is central to both reception and expression of human creativity. Creativity assessment paradigms, such as structured drawing tasks Barbot (2018), seek to characterize this key modality of creative ideation. However, visual creativity assessment paradigms often rely on cohorts of expert or naïve raters to gauge the level of creat...

Society is largely shaped by creativity, making it critical to understand why, despite minimal mean gender differences in creative ability, substantial differences exist in the creative achievement of men and women. Although the greater male variability hypothesis (GMVH) in creativity has been proposed to explain women’s underrepresentation as emin...

Smartphones are increasingly widespread throughout the world and, although smartphones provide various benefits, excessive and maladaptive use is often reported. Given the penetration of smartphones in the individual’s daily life, it is relevant to identify the mechanisms sustaining their use, including the affective bond that the owner may develop...

Creativity research commonly involves recruiting human raters to judge the originality of responses to divergent thinking tasks, such as the alternate uses task (AUT). These manual scoring practices have benefited the field, but they also have limitations, including labor-intensiveness and subjectivity, which can adversely impact the reliability an...

Immersive virtual reality (IVR) takes advantage of exponential growth in our technological abilities to offer an array of new forms of entertainment, learning opportunities, and even psychological interventions and assessments. The field of creativity is a driving force in both large-scale innovations and everyday progress, and imbedding creativity...

Empathy is a possibility skill that is critical for social progress and human interactions. It is a nuanced, multifaceted construct that simultaneously refers to a trait and a state, a response, and a process (Cuff et al. 2016). Although defining empathy represents a research topic per se, a common operationalization refers to it as the capacity to...

The visual modality is central to both reception and expression of human creativity. Creativity assessment paradigms, such as structured drawing tasks (Barbot, 2018), seek to characterize this key modality of creative ideation. However, visual creativity assessment paradigms often rely on cohorts of expert or naïve raters to gauge the level of crea...

We developed a novel conceptualization of one component of creativity in narratives by integrating creativity theory and distributional semantics theory. We termed the new construct divergent semantic integration (DSI), defined as the extent to which a narrative connects divergent ideas. Across nine studies, 27 different narrative prompts, and over...

Achieving creativity in the real-world depends on multiple individual and environmental factors. Among them, divergent thinking (DT) has long been considered a key ingredient of creativity and an essential criterion for predicting real-life creative outcomes. However, the link between DT and creative achievement (CA) has yielded heterogeneous resul...

Based on the multivariate approach, a set of cognitive, conative and emotional characteristics can be identified as the psychological basis of creativity. These characteristics combine in interactive ways to yield varying degrees of creative potential. The large number of existing behavioral science studies permits a rich synthesis of results that...

Individual differences perspectives have dominated the scientific study of creativity since the 1950’s. These perspectives, however, mainly emphasize group-level variations or inter-individual differences, with limited interest in individual-level variations. Yet, (1) group-level findings are often used to make inferences at the person-level, which...

Narrative text permeates our lives from job applications to journalistic stories to works of fiction. Developing automated metrics that capture creativity in narrative text has potentially far reaching implications. Human ratings of creativity in narrative text are labor-intensive, subjective, and difficult to replicate. Across 27 different story p...

Narrative text permeates our lives from job applications to journalistic stories to works of fiction. Developing automated metrics that capture creativity in narrative text has potentially far reaching implications. Human ratings of creativity in narrative text are labor-intensive, subjective, and difficult to replicate. Across 27 different story p...

This handbook focuses on the development and nurturance of creativity across the lifespan, from early childhood to adolescence, adulthood, and later life. It answers the question: how can we help individuals turn their creative potential into achievement? Each chapter examines various contexts in which creativity exists, including school, workplace...

The current study combines 2 related, yet distinct, lines of research demonstrating that (a) creative cognition is supported by both associative and executive abilities (i.e., dual-process perspective), and (b) individual differences may influence creative outcomes through 2 distinct processes (i.e., dual pathway to creativity model). We fill sever...

This study presents the adaptation to the Italian context of the Relationship Profile Test (RPT; Bornstein & Languirand), a self-report measure of Destructive Overdependence (DO), Dysfunctional Detachment (DD), and Healthy Dependency (HD). The RPT was administered to a community sample of 661 nonclinical Italian adults together with the Attachment...

The Greater Male Variability Hypothesis (GMVH) suggests that males demonstrate greater variability than females and are overrepresented in the lowest and highest ranges of cognitive ability. Several studies have found evidence for the GMVH in creative performance, yet nearly all have used the same task (i.e., Test of Creative Thinking Drawing-Produ...

Objective: Young adults with cancer are at a heightened risk for experiencing identity distress, with adverse consequence on their satisfaction with life (SwL). This study examines the contributions of two resources thought to mitigate identity distress: parental warmth and narrative creativity. Methods: 164 young adults divided into three groups:...

The development of divergent thinking (DT) in school-age children and adolescents has received considerable attention in the educational psychology literature since the 1970s. A body of research has outlined the existence of slumps (i.e., temporary declines) in this development with, however, conflicting findings concerning the magnitude and timing...

The Torrance Test of Creative Thinking-Verbal (TTCT-Verbal) is a commonly used measure of creative potential. The present study examined the factor structure, measurement invariance, and latent mean differences across gender, year of study, and academic major for the Arabic version of the TTCT-Verbal. Data were collected among 621 Egyptian undergra...

Why do youth generate negative or malevolent responses when prompted to come up with original or creative ideas? Is this tendency generalized across a range of situations and manifested in specific (negative or malevolent) themes that youth use consistently? Which aspects of creative potential are best associated with this "baseline" negative ideat...

Youth involved with the juvenile justice system are not exempt from experiencing identity-related turmoil that is common during adolescence. Parents’ responses may exacerbate or mitigate this turmoil and, in turn, youth problem behaviors. Thus, this study investigated identity distress as a mediator of the relationship between parental response to...

The present study examines effort in narrative creative writing (operationalized as time‐on‐task) using a new assessment approach, the storyboard task. Participants (N = 125) completed alternate forms of the storyboard task in two sessions five weeks apart. They also completed measures of divergent thinking and self‐reported ideational behavior. Ti...

Background This retrospective chart review study investigates the relationship between the history of various forms of abuse and the presence of mood disorders and psychotic symptoms in predicting suicide attempts among psychiatrically hospitalized children and adolescents. Method A multi‐mediation analysis was conducted with an archival dataset o...

Background: There is no study to date that has examined the association between history of abuse and adaptive functioning deficits in youth with co-occurring and psychotic disorders or mood disorders. Method: This study used a retrospective chart review of 98 youth under the age of 18 (Mean age = 16.06 years) with co-occurring intellectual impairme...

Recent research has emphasized the promise of Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) to bolster empathy. The underlying mechanisms of such an intriguing outcome are, however, underexplored. The present study examines the effect of distinct but interrelated user experiences (UX) dimensions underlying the bolstering effect of IVR on empathy. Sixty-five youn...

Questionnaire EMES-40

Questionnaire EMES-16 (FR)

EMES 16 - Scoring & Descriptives

In this entry, developmental trends in creative abilities and potentials are summarized through a snapshot of the main features of this development throughout the lifespan. Specifically, this entry addresses the development of creative potential through salient characteristics marking distinct key developmental stages, including pretend play in ear...

Creative potential can be conceptualized as an ability to produce original ideas that have value in their context. This ability can be measured in three different ways, namely by examining (a) accomplishments or (b) ingredients (abilities and traits) underlying creativity or (c) through contextualized tasks that simulate real-world creative work. T...

The Messaging Motivations Questionnaire (MMQ) is a concise 8-item measure, which consists of two subscales capturing people’s typical motivations to text. The MMQ was developed through focus groups and item analysis based on a pilot study, followed by a larger validation study involving a sample of 982 young adults. Factor analyses supported a 2-fa...

Background. The originality of divergent thinking production is one of the most critical indicators of creative potential. It is commonly scored using the statistical infrequency of responses relative to all responses provided in a given sample. Aims. Response frequency estimates vary in terms of measurement precision. This issue has been widely ov...

Este manifiesto, discutido por 20 académicos y académicas que representan diversas líneas de investigación sobre la creatividad, marca un cambio conceptual dentro de los estudios de este campo. Los enfoques socioculturales han hecho contribuciones sustanciales al concepto de creatividad en las últimas décadas y hoy pueden proporcionar un conjunto d...

As people increasingly choose texting over other forms of communication, it is important to understand the motivations underlying this preference and the overall ubiquity in the use of text messaging. After item development involving focus groups with young adults identifying their motivations for texting, a preliminary version of the Young Adult M...

Divergent thinking tests are often used in creativity research as measures of creative potential. However, measurement approaches across studies vary to a great extent. One facet of divergent thinking measurement that contributes strongly to differences across studies is the scoring of participants’ responses. Most commonly, responses are scored fo...

This commentary discusses common relevant themes that have been highlighted across contributions in this special issue on "Creativity Assessment: Pitfalls, Solutions, and Standards." We first highlight the challenges of operationalizing creativity through the use of a range of measurement approaches that are simply not tapping into the same aspect...

Creativity is not a static entity. It develops as people mature, and it can be trained and nurtured. Most applications of creativity research are in fact geared toward this end. However, the study of creativity as it changes and develops, whether under "natural" or "treatment" conditions (program effectiveness), faces a number of measurement and re...

The EMES-16 is a very short multidimensional measure of domain-specific Self-Esteem designed for French-speaking adolescents. This study presents a psychometric evaluation of this measure among 2603 adolescents with a focus on its factor structure tested in CFA for alternative, theoretically grounded models. Results revealed the superiority of a do...

Despite six decades of creative cognition research, measures of creative ideation have heavily relied on divergent thinking tasks, which still suffer from conceptual, design, and psychometric shortcomings. These shortcomings have greatly impeded the accurate study of creative ideation, its dynamics, development, and integration as part of a compreh...

In this brief commentary to Kaufman’s call for a “new agenda for positive outcomes” of creativity research, I emphasize how the broad construct of “identity” qualifies as such an outcome. While doing so, I challenge the issue of directionality (predictor vs. outcome) of creativity in relation to relevant correlates by outlining the influence of epi...

This chapter presents a snapshot of the literature on the empirical study of musical creativity, with a focus on children and adolescents’ processes, and outlines a number of factors that impact the creative process in music and contribute to individual differences in musical creativity outcomes. These factors are then illustrated through the prese...

Although empirical investigations on the Creative Self have historically started with a focus on self‐esteem, the literature on its relationship with creative performance remains thin and inconsistent, with estimated relationships ranging from moderate and negative, to strongly positive. Discrepancies may be explained by the domain‐specificity of b...

L’EMES - Echelle Multidimensionnelle de l’Estime de Soi - est composée de 40 items recouvrant cinq domaines d’estime de soi sur lesquels les adolescents s’autoévaluent à l’aide d’échelles de Likert en 5 points

We explored the relationship between dimensions of the Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5; Harkness & McNulty, 1994) of the Adolescent Version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-A; Butcher et al., 1992) and borderline personality features as measured by the adolescent version of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI-A...

We investigated the bidirectional associations between mother–child discrepancies in their perceptions of maternal rejection and children’s internalizing problems over 10 years from pre/early adolescence to early adulthood. Mothers’ reports of rejection and involvement in the parent–child relationship, the children’s perception of the mother’s reje...

EMES-40: Scoring Key, Descriptives, Norms

Interest in Creativity and the Self mainly stems from sociocognitive and differential perspectives focusing on creativity as an “outcome” of Self-related constructs (e.g., creative self-beliefs, creative self-efficacy). This chapter outlines a humanistic and developmental perspective supporting the reciprocal relationship, that is, how creativity c...

Creativity is a skill that many consider essential for success in school, career, and life (Florida, The rise of the creative class. Basic Books, New York, 2002; Florida, The flight of the creative class: the new global competition for talent. HarperBusiness, New York, 2005; Guilford, Am Psychol 5:444–454, 1950). For this reason, creativity has bec...

Serious and violent offending among juveniles is a consistent concern of researchers, practitioners, and policymakers, yet the development of violent offending remains poorly understood because of limited availability of relevant data, small sample sizes, and shortage of longitudinal data sets. This study analyzed developmental patterns of violent...

Although first episode psychosis in adults has been the subject of extensive exploration, the precursors, treatment, and outcome of children and adolescents with a first episode of psychosis are less frequently investigated. Psychotic symptoms are relatively common in youth who experience marked trauma or severe mood disturbance, but questions also...

Accurate evaluation of people's attachment to phones is crucial to understanding the impact of phone use in everyday life. The Young Adult Attachment to Phone Scale (YAPS) is a concise instrument, representing the first multi-dimensional measure of phone attachment. After item development involving focus groups with young adults and content validit...

Despite established differences in cognitive functioning of adults with mood disorder-related psychosis and those with non-affective psychotic disorders, there is limited evidence of the impact of psychotic symptoms on the cognitive functioning of children and adolescents with mood disorders. This study investigates IQ, working memory, and processi...

It is increasingly acknowledged that creative potential involves partly a generalized ability, partly a set of domain-specific abilities, and partly a set of task-specific abilities. We extend and illustrate this view in a study of 482 children and adolescents, exploring the extent to which the scores variance of the Evaluation of Potential Creativ...

This article reviews developmental studies of creativity in children and adolescents with a focus on "peaks" and "slumps" that have often been described in the literature. The irregularity of the development of creativity is interpreted in light of conceptual and measurement issues and with regard to the interaction between individual-level resourc...

No abstract is available for this article.

Creativity development is a nonlinear and multifaceted process starting early in life. This new thematic issue incorporates recent insights into the intersection of creativity research and developmental science. Specifically, it addresses the development of creativity with a focus on childhood and adolescence with a multidisciplinary perspective, i...

This study attempted to establish and quantify the connections between parenting, offspring psychosocial adjustment, and the epigenome. The participants, 35 African American young adults (19 females and 16 males; age = 17–29.5 years), represented a subsample of a 3-wave longitudinal 15-year study on the developmental trajectories of low-income urba...

This book explores the development of cognitive skills related to reasoning and creativity, two strands that can intertwine to work together at times but may also be at odds. Spontaneity and freedom from constraint, characteristic of the thinking of young children, may be essential to creativity, which has prompted many to question how much we lose...

The co-existence of intellectual disability (ID) and psychiatric disorders is fairly common throughout the lifespan, but there is only limited research on children, adolescents, and young adults with ID and co-occurring, severe psychiatric disorders. Children and adolescents with ID or very low Full Scale IQs are often excluded from studies of psyc...

Intelligence assessment is often viewed as a narrow and ever-narrowing field, defined (as per IQ) by the measurement of finely distinguished cognitive processes. It is instructive, however, to remember that other, broader conceptions of intelligence exist and might usefully be considered for a comprehensive assessment of intellectual functioning. T...

Creativity may be distinguished from intelligence as it refers to the production of a novel, original, and adapted idea (Sternberg & Lubart, 1995). As Kaufmann (2004) emphasized, intelligence refers to the application of a familiar solution (e.g., routine problem solving, usage of previous experiences and/or knowledge) to either a familiar or novel...

This study investigates the Intensive In-home Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Service (IICAPS), a large-scale home-based intervention that collaboratively engages the family, school, and various other service providers (e.g. health practitioners or judicial systems) to prevent the hospitalization, institutionalization or out-of-home placement of c...

Differences in learning patterns of vocabulary acquisition in children at risk (+SRD) and not at risk (-SRD) for Specific Reading Disability (SRD) were examined using a microdevelopmental paradigm applied to the multi-trial Foreign Language Learning Task (FLLT; Baddeley et al., 1995). The FLLT was administered to 905 children from rural Chitonga-sp...

Although creativity is considered one of the key ‘twenty-first-century skills’, this ability is still often misunderstood. Persistent conceptual and methodological barriers have limited educational implications. This article reviews and discusses the three critical issues of ‘nature’, ‘measure’, and ‘nurture’ of creative potential in educational se...

This article provides an introduction to the idiographic approach ("N = 1" research) in developmental psychology and an overview of methodological and statistical techniques employed to address the study of within-individual variability in development. Through a popularization of the idiographic approach and associated statistical techniques, but a...

In Europe, the question of identity and youth civic engagement constitutes a challenge both for the European Union (EU) and for research on adolescent psychology. In this article, we discuss the European historical context and the current initiatives from the EU that aim to encourage civic engagement among young people. Then, we suggest some resear...

Unlike the construct of intelligence operationalized by the g-factor, there is limited evidence suggesting that creativity is a domain-general (i.e., as opposed to domain-specific) and a generalized (i.e., unitary) construct. However, there is a common and implicit g-factor view of creativity that potentially stems from the assumption that creativi...

Background: Research on young adults in the general population has identified a relationship between sexual minority identification and risk for suicide. Differential rates of suicidal ideation and attempts have also been found across racial and ethnic groups. Aims: This study examined risk for suicide among university students, based on membership...

There is no creativity without culture because creativity is a phenomenon that results in products and ideas that are valued differently within different cultural contexts, to be appreciated, embraced, cultivated, or rejected. For decades, studies have outlined contrasting conceptions of creativity across cultures or emphasized the role of the cult...

This study examines longitudinally the bidirectional influences between maternal parenting (behaviors and parenting stress) and mothers’ perceptions of their children’s adjustment, in a multivariate approach. Data was gathered from 361 low-income mothers (many with psychiatric diagnoses) reporting on their parenting behavior, parenting stress, and...

L’Echelle Multidimensionnelle de l’Estime de Soi (EMES) est une actualisation de l’Echelle Toulousaine d’Estime de Soi (ETES, Oubrayrie, Safont & Tap, 1991), une référence utilisée dans de nombreuses recherches francophones portant sur l’estime de soi de l’enfant et l’adolescent. Nous avons apporté certaines modifications à cet outil, pour retenir...