Bamgboye Morakinyo Afolabi

• BSc, MBBS, MSC, MPhil, MPH, Dr.PH, CRM
• Executive at Health Environment and Development Foundation. Formerly at World Health Organization WHO

Introduction This study aimed to determine whether triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) ratio, which has been shown to be an innovative proxy marker of atherogenic indicator in the human plasma, and an indicator of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR), can predict systolic hypertension (SHT), diastolic h...

Objective: This study aims to evaluate independent and combined association of body mass index (BMI)-for-age percentile (pctl) and waist circumference (WC) with components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Nigerian adolescents. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional data of biochemical and anthropometric indices were collected. Each subject was as...

_Introduction:_ Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of risk factors which together increase the chance of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. In MetS, especially among overweight and obese people, blood pressure and blood glucose are elevated, excess body fat accumulates abdominally, and there is dyslipidemia – notably low level of high-de...

_Introduction:_ Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of risk factors which together increase the chance of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. In MetS, especially among overweight and obese people, blood pressure and blood glucose are elevated, excess body fat accumulates abdominally, and there is dyslipidemia (notably low level of high-den...

Objective: To describe pattern of dietary energy intake among adolescents from 2021-2022.

Human reproduction, a pas de deux, is dependent on the functional competence of both male and female reproductive systems. Male factor infertility accounts for about half of the causes of infertility and strictly affects about 7% of all men. While most cases are idiopathic, a smaller proportion can be adduced to a wide variety of causes generally c...

Background: Rampant chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine poisoning in Nigerian hospitals following suggestions of its possible efficacy in the treatment and prevention of the newly emerged COVID-19 disease informed this survey. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and perception of the Nigerian populace on the use of...

Objective: To evaluate perception, ownership, use and defects in LLINs among non-parental caregivers in Iyaafin community on the Atlantic Ocean coastline of Lagos State, Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional, community-based study was conducted between February-April 2014. Residences of 129 non-parental caregivers to children under the age of five...

Cognizance of the implication of Covid-19 pandemic on health and well-being resulted in an upsurge in use of several dietary and herbal supplements (DHS) for the prevention and/or prophylaxis against the new disease. Objectives: To evaluate the pattern of DHS consumption among Nigerians with Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) for the prevention and tr...

Unlabelled: The awareness of the health implication of Covid-19 pandemic marked an increase consumption of various dietary and herbal supplements (DHS) for the deterrence and/or prophylaxis against the novel emerging and infectious disease. However, there is little indication of the usefulness or otherwise of their use in alleviating symptoms of C...

Cognizance of the implication of Covid-19 pandemic on health and well-being resulted in an upsurge is use of several dietary and herbal supplements (DHS) for the prevention and/or prophylaxis against the new disease. Objectives: To evaluate the pattern of DHS consumption among Nigerians with Non-communicable Diseases (NCD) for the prevention and t...

Paja paja", a prominent ethnomedical illness in Southwestern Nigeria, has not been scientifically documented as a health issue. This expository questionnaire-based study was conducted in Lagos State, Nigeria between June, and August 2022 to determine if its symptoms are similar to paresthesia. Data analysis was conducted using NCSS 21 statistical s...

Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a group of risk factors that occur together, increases the possibility of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. In MetS, blood pressure and blood sugar are elevated, excess body fat accumulate around the waist and there is dyslipidemia (abnormally high blood cholesterol levels). Most of the disorders re...

Introduction: Female infertility may not occur alone but could be associated with other health conditions. Overlooking these health conditions during clinical assessment of women who present with primary or secondary infertility may not bring desired results of achieved pregnancy. Objective: To determine the frequency and relative risks of certain...

Introduction: Malaria is still both a health and an economic burden to various communities in sub-Saharan Africa. Few studies have been conducted on perception of and behavioral pattern of young care-givers to malaria, especially in the populated communities along the Atlantic Ocean coastline in Nigeria.

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive method of treating uterine fibroid that is based on the principle of using extracorporeal ultrasound to cause coagulative necrosis of uterine fibroid. While the technology has been used in other parts of the world, it is new in West Africa. The reported case was the first HIFU treatment of...

The clinical symptoms of endometriosis, an illness characterized by ectopic endometrium (glands and stroma) outside the uterus, are mainly dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, cyclic urinary symptoms and infertility. Although imaging modalities such as pelvic ultrasound can identify and localize endometriotic deposits in the ovary (endometrioma) and in bladd...

a Introduction: Infertility may be caused by many factors among which is intrauterine adhesion (IUA) which, among Black African women, may be consequent upon one or more series of induced abortion (IA). Objective: To evaluate the role of induced abortion as a risk factor for the development of IUA in women presenting for fertility management in N...

A non-invasive method of treating uterine fibroid based on the principle of using extracorporeal ultrasound to cause coagulation necrosis of uterine fibroid.

Introduction: Picralima nitida is a seed bearing tree whose dried seeds are used in traditional medicine throughout West Africa, particularly in Ghana, Ivory Coast and Nigeria. The seeds are crushed and taken orally for the treatment of malaria, diarrhoea, pain, hypertension, jaundice, dysmenorrheal, and gastrointestinal disorders. There is paucity...

The clinical symptoms of endometriosis, an illness characterized by ectopic endometrium (glands and stroma) outside the uterus, are mainly dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, cyclic urinary symptoms and infertility. Although imaging modalities such as pelvic ultrasound can identify and localize endometriotic deposits in the ovary (endometrioma) and in bladd...

Background: The aim of this investigation was twofold: first, to determine an association between types of infertility and ABO blood group and, second, to show potential risk ratios of different gynecological diseases in ABO blood groups.

Introduction: Medications produce a therapeutic effect that modulates a disorder and unwarranted effects that may be intrinsically harmful. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are undesirable effects that results from drug administration at usual doses and are the primary focus of regulatory agencies and post-marketing surveillance.

Introduction: Painful vaso-occlusive crises are frequent complications of sickle cell disease (SCD), which affects about 3% of the Nigerian population with a high mortality in children. Relevance of hematological and biochemical parameters to clinical symptoms of SCD are not often documented. Aims and Objective: This study aimed at determining the...

The aim of this study was to assess the reasons for failed Sonohysterogram (SHG) among women who presented with infertility and who wished to correct this condition and ascertain their pregnancy at Nordica Fertility Center (NFC) in Nigeria.

Background: One gynecological disorder which is often a mystery to premenopausal women who are affected is endometriosis, a benign condition characterized by ectopic endometrium growing outside the uterus but behaving as if it is still within the uterus. Materials and methods: Hospital records of 226 women who consulted for fertility management...

Keywords: Medical conditions; Hysteroscopy; Infertility; Assisted Reproductive Treatment Objective: To determine possible association between medical conditions and hysteroscopic findings prior to IVF treatment. Methodology: This was a retrospective study of 1631 infertile indigenous Nigerian women who consulted for IVF treatment. Stata 13 software...

Background Asymptomatic bacteriuria can be a cause of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes if undetected and untreated. Pregnant women are usually routinely screened with urine cultures at antenatal booking. However, the exact burden of asymptomatic bacteriuria in Nigeria is unknown. Our protocol is aimed at determining the pooled prevalence of...

Introduction: Endometriosis is an enigmatic and multifaceted ailment that distresses a large number of women worldwide which may trigger pain, infertility and other discomforts such as dysmenorrhea. Materials and Methods: Data from the medical records of 113 women with and 113 age-matched women without endometriosis were analyzed retrospectively to...

Introduction: Endometriosis is an enigmatic and multifaceted ailment that distresses a large number of women worldwide which may trigger pain, infertility and other discomforts such as dysmenorrhea.

Background: Community pharmacies and Patent Proprietary Medicine Vendors (PPMVs) play key roles in case management of malaria at the community level. However, their compliance with the WHO Test, Treat and Track (T3) Initiative for effective management of malaria cases are poorly documented. This study assessed the degree to which community pharmaci...

Introduction: Hysteroscopy assists in detecting any intra-uterine anomaly among sub-fertile women who present for Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). Previous uterine surgical procedures may have influence over these hysteroscopic findings.

Background Incidence of malaria and anaemia are of public health importance especially in pregnant women in endemic regions, due to the negative health consequences to the mother and fetus. This study aimed to assess the pattern of falciparum malaria infection and anaemia, based on malaria prevention methods practiced by participants. Methods A se...

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has taken the world by storm and consequently, various reproductive medicine societies had since issued guidelines based on best judgement for the safety of IVF patients and attending health staffs Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the opinions of IVF staff in sub-Sahara Africa on the awareness of...

Due to current developments in cancer therapy, there has been an increase in the number of cancer survivors. Nevertheless, cancer patients or those with other intractable diseases may be confronted with fertility challenges. Though the option of fertility preservation (FP) techniques are on the increase, yet it is not certain if this is a myth or a...

Due to current developments in cancer therapy, there has been an increase in the number of cancer survivors. Nevertheless, cancer patients or those with other intractable diseases may be confronted with fertility challenges. Though the option of fertility preservation (FP) techniques are on the increase, yet it is not certain if this is a myth or a...

Background: Malaria as a health burden in sub-Saharan Africa is well-known. Information about access to programs by pregnant women during early antenatal care (ANC) visits and the impact on the burden of malaria is limited. Objective: To evaluate the utilization of malaria control services among pregnant women with fever between 2014 and 2018 in On...

Background Malnutrition is appreciated as a global leading paediatric burden that indirectly or directly contributes to child mortality. In children, malnutrition has profound effects on health and development; and has been associated with poor outcomes in paediatric diseases. However, it is not clear if malnourished children are at an increased ri...

Background: Malaria is a major public health burden that is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria infection during pregnancy can be deleterious not only to the mother but also the fetus. The objective of this study was to evaluate malaria programme and the utilization of malaria commodities between 2014 and 2018 in Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria. M...

Introduction: Not withstanding verbal attention, there is little programmatic guidance as to how best to ensure that Nigerian women in reproductive age who have cancer have access to Fertility Preservation (FP) to support their reproductive goals after chemo-or radio-therapy that may be deleterious to their reproductive system.

Background: Infertility is a global problem among men and women. Laparoscopic and hysteroscopic examinations of the pelvic and uterine environment assist in better management of the infertile women. A complete infertility checkup in both the male and the

Objective: To explore social media users’ knowledge about certain issues peculiar to infertility in Nigeria Survey design: Internet interview of non-representative Nigerians who use websites to source for information on infertility Setting: Not applicable. Respondents: Nigerians aged 20-65 years who wish to have biological or non-biological childre...

Infertility, in some cases, is attributable to fibroid of the uterus which is benign tumours that arise from the overgrowth of smooth muscle and connective tissues in the uterus. The association between fibroids and infertility is still unclear and it is assuming increasing relevance considering the increase in the incidence of infertility and the...

Background To evaluate whether ≥ 3 adjunct acupuncture sessions accompanying embryo transfer, increasesthe chance of pregnancy amongst post-myomectomy women aged ≥ 35 years. Methods This was a prospective study carried out at Nordica Fertility Center. Following written informed consent, 75 patients undergoing assisted reproduction therapy and who h...

Background: Endometriosis is a common progressive gynecological disorder which often poses a mystery to women affected and to health care provider alike. It is a condition in which tissue that normally grows inside the uterus (endometrium) grows outside it. It is estimated that about 6-10% of women in the reproductive age group worldwide have endo...

Background Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are a major clinical and public health problem world-wide. The prompt reporting of suspected ADRs to regulatory authorities to activate drug safety surveillance and regulation appears to be the most pragmatic measure for addressing the problem. This paper evaluated a pharmacovigilance (PV) training model tha...

Participants’ characteristics, N = 55. (DOCX)

Figure A: Adverse Drug Reactions Form; Figure B: Letter of appreciation in respect of collaborative work to increase adverse drug reactions reporting in Nigeria. (DOCX)

Association between post test scores and participants’ characteristics. (DOCX)

Protocol of the Structured Pharmacovigilance and Training Initiative. (DOCX)

The outcomes of the SPHAR-TI model. (DOCX)

Since the inception of Roll Back Malaria (RBM), especially in Africa, Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) have been developed to the two major antimalarial medications, Artemether Lumefantrin and Artesunate Amodiaquine. This book examines the degree and extent to which ADRs develop to these two commonly used malaria medications in Nigeria regarding, age,...

Background: Maternal febrile illness is often linked with undesirable adverse consequences of pregnancy and of fetal development. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of malaria parasitemia and anemia among pregnant women who gave a self-report of febrile illness within 48 hours of presentation at antenatal clinics in...

Introduction Acupuncture originated in China over 2000 years ago, as a technique for curing diseases, alleviating pain and promoting healing by inserting fine needles into some specific points of the body surface. Acupuncture is a combination of the Latin word, acus meaning "needle", and the English word puncture. It is said that the word acupunctu...

Malaria infection in pregnancy is a major public health problem which poses serious life threats to pregnant mothers and fetuses. Accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment of pregnancy associated malaria (PAM) are important in preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study compared the diagnostic performance of two rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), p...

Introduction Fathering a child at an advanced age of over 50 years is not rare among Black African population and it is assumed that each man can father a child from adulthood onwards. Anecdotal reports however indicate that certain percentage of the population in Africa suffer from infertility. Advanced Paternal Age (APA) is attributed to delay in...

Background: In-vitro fertilization is a component of Assisted Reproductive Technique. Objective: To evaluate awareness, knowledge and perception of final year medical students in In-vitro fertilization. Method: A semi-structured questionnaire was served to 126 participants in September 2015. Result: Mean [±SD] age of the 69males (27.1 ,4.2) in the...

been studied extensively and had not been the major focus of policy fabricators and decision makers in Nigeria. It is imperative to explore the factors influencing health and the well-being of women in child-bearing age (WCBA). Methods: This study was cross-sectional and descriptive in nature. It used semi-structured questionnaires in 9 domains of...

We report here the unusual presentation of a 35-year-old nulliparous Nigerian teacher who presented with a 5year history of primary infertility, painful menses and cyclical umbilical bleeding. Evaluation revealed a clinically stable woman with a midline, infra-umbilical surgical abdominal scar near the site of bleeding, a large right hemothorax on...

The main aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of advanced paternal age on semen volume, liquefaction, sperm concentration, motility and sperm morphology among an indigenous urban black African population.

Background: The main aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of advanced paternal age on semen volume, liquefaction, sperm concentration, motility and sperm morphology among an indigenous urban black African population.

The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and to characterize the types of chromosomal aberrations of aneuploidy in cleavage-stage Day 3 human embryos and in Day 5/6 human blastocysts in indigenous Black African women aged ≤ 35 and >35 years. Of the 312 oocytes fertilized for Day 3 embryos and 269 for Day 5/6 blastocysts, 230 blas...

Mrs K.A was a 32 year old banker who had never conceived after 4 years of trying. She presented also with a history of severely painful menstrual periods, painful intercourse with deep penetration. She however had regular periods with moderate flow. Several ultrasound scans done previously showed recurrent cysts and HSG revealed bilateral tubal blo...

The high rate of infertility and childlessness has been identified as one of the most important health problems in sub-Saharan Africa. Descendants are indispensable to Nigerian couples. Their future depends on their offspring. Family plays an important role in the experiences of the infertile couple. Children are not only sources of economic suppor...

Background: Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) occurs when trauma to the endometrial lining triggers the normal wound-healing process, which causes the damaged areas to fuse together. Termination of pregnancies, miscarriages and other gynecological operations are likely risk factors for IUA.

Background: Fibroids are the commonest benign gynaecological tumors affecting only females and laparoscopic myomectomy is the modern management because of its various advantages, especially among women who still desire retention of their fertility.

Background Semen parameters, especially sperm count and motility have been said to be diminishing over time with implications for fertility and infertility treatment. Objective The objective of this study was to study semen parameters 10 years apart and describe any observed change. Design A retrospective study carried out at Nordica Fertility Ce...

Objective: To report an interesting incidental occurrence that may improve the understanding of the mysterious embryology of conjoined twins. Methodology: The embryos were generated in-vitro through intracytoplasmic sperm injection ICSI. On day 3 of embryo development, the Zona of each 8-cell embryo was breached with LASER and the embryos were cult...

Background: In-vitro fertilization is a component of Assisted Reproductive Technique. Objective: To evaluate awareness, knowledge and perception of final year medical students in In-vitro fertilization. Method: A semi-structured questionnaire was served to 126 participants in September 2015. Result: Mean [±SD] age of the 69 males (27.1 [4.2]) in th...

We report here the unusual presentation of a 35-year-old nulliparous Nigerian teacher who presented with a 5- year history of primary infertility, painful menses and cyclical umbilical bleeding. Evaluation revealed a clinically stable woman with a midline, infra-umbilical surgical abdominal scar near the site of bleeding, a large right hemothorax o...

Background: Endometriosis is a chronic debilitating condition which affects 6-10% of women mostly in at the peak of their reproductive age group. One of the manifestations of this incurable condition is infertility. Up to half of the women with endometriosis will be infertile. One of the means of treating endometriosis related infertility is by usi...

Background: Intrauterine adhesions are associated with certain uterine procedures such as dilatation and curettage, open myomectomy and Cesarean section as well as some infections. Objectives: To determine the most important risk factors for intrauterine adhesions among Black Africans Study design, setting and subjects: This was a retrospective stu...

The Problem: Human Immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) is still rampant in Nigeria.Outlines of experimental work: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, questionnaire-based survey to evaluate perception of HIV, condom use and sexual behaviour of women on Atlantic coast of southwest Nigeria. Results: In all, 5.1% (29/829) of women screened for HIV were...

Background Endometriosis is a debilitating disease in women of child-bearing age. Objective To describe the pattern of presentation, stage of endometriosis and biophysical profile of patients with endometriosis. Method A retrospective study of 61 consecutive infertile patients between June 2003 and November 2014. Results The means (±SD) of age (...

No Abstract (An Editorial)

Background: The disease Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious illness which is rampant in Nigeria.

This paper hypothesizes the health effect of current economic recession in sub-Saharan African countries, especially Nigeria, and how this is projected to impact especially the child health. Malnutrition is expected to be the bed-rock of other diseases, though this may not be a new phenomenon but one that has not been adequately addressed. Most (71...

Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) is one of the recommended interventions to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. Materials and methods: A total of 829 women in child-bearing age (WCBA) were enrolled in a descriptive study conducted at two rural coastal communities of Lagos, Nigeria between October 2012 and March 2013. Respondents were intervie...