Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian

Defence Institute of Advanced Technology | DIAT · Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering

Bioprinting has arisen as a promising technique in tissue engineering, presenting the opportunity to fabricate tissue constructs that closely emulate physiological function. However, a significant obstacle in three-dimensional bioprinting lies in the development of suitable bioinks. Silk fibroin (SF), known for its high biocompatibility, biodegrada...

The simple production and harvesting of algae, along with its lower environmental impact and fewer geopolitical issues, make it a viable precursor for electrochemical energy storage devices. Algae represent a promising biomaterial for electrode materials in electrochemical energy storage devices, including hard carbon, sol–gel‐based anode batteries...

The rapid growth in textile industries has led to a significant discharge of dyed water into water sources, posing severe threats to human and environmental health. Methylene blue (MB), crucial for medical diagnostics and dyeing, requires effective removal due to its toxicological and environmental hazards, persisting above 1 ppm in aqueous solutio...

The present research emphasizes the synthesis of Polylactic acid (PLA) based biocomposite films incorporating curcumin additive via the solvent casting technique. The fabricated biocomposite films were subjected to different characterization methodologies like Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and were further a...

Rare earth elements (REEs) are vital across numerous sectors, from nuclear and architecture to electronics and medicine, due to their unique properties. Meeting the growing demand for REEs necessitates innovative recovery methods from waste and recycling. This review explores the adsorption of REEs using polymer composites, including biopolymers, s...

Dendrimers are viewed as hyperbranched, three-dimensional, monodisperse globular macromolecules with branches emanating from each monomeric unit. For improving the solvability of hydrophobic drugs and raising their bioactivity accompanied by a persistent release action, dendrimeric nanoparticles are customarily employed as latent drug delivery devi...

Carbon fiber (CF) is highly valued for its exceptional strength-to-weight relation, making it best for energy-efficient applications in aerospace, automotive, and construction sectors. Recent advancements in CF technology have reduced production costs, enhancing market growth. Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites offer benefits such as...

Borophene, as a 2D rising eulogizing star, is garnering increasing attention and recognition due to its venerated properties including anisotropic plasmonics, exemplary in-plane elasticity, superconductivity, massless Dirac fermions, high electron mobility, exceptional flexibility, exquisite tunability, and metallic properties across the majority o...

Electrospinning stands out as a highly precise method for producing nanofibers, offering exceptional control over their morphology by adjusting parameters, making it the preferred choice for efficiently tailoring nanofiber properties. Nanofibers, increasingly recognized for the possibilities within drug delivery systems that they possess, offer dis...

Secondary batteries, or rechargeable batteries, have revolutionized various industries by offering the ability to be reused after depletion. Membranes in secondary batteries act as separators, preventing direct contact between electrodes while facilitating ion transport, crucial for energy storage and preventing short circuits. Despite their theore...

The necessity for orthopedic prostheses, implants, and membranes to treat diseases, trauma, and other disasters has increased as the risk of survive through various factors has intensified exponentially. Considering exponential growth in demand, it has been observed that the traditional technology of grafts and membranes lags to fulfill the demand...

The rational design of artificial materials with dynamic performance abilities is necessary due to their applications in different fields. Meta-structures are being explored intensively because of their unusual qualities from natural materials, and these traits include Negative Poisson's ratio, high stiffness, high energy absorption, and negative t...

Graphene-based nanocomposites possess excellent conductivity of electrons, robustness, and longevity, making them potential instruments for enhancing neurogenesis. Graphene Nanocomposite has several biomedical uses due to its biocompatibility, size, chemical impermeability, antibacterial properties, and drug delivery. Their properties, uses in neur...

The growing demand for high-performance, light materials in several tertiary industries is a leading factor propelling the current polymer market. The international UHMWPE market was estimated at USD 1.87 billion in 2023 and is projected to increase by 11.3% CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) from 2024 to 2030 (Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethyl...

Strategies for strengthening the characteristics of naturally inspired multilayer composites are being sought, including inorganic platelet alignment, enhancing interlaminar collaboration between polymeric solution and printed platelets, and optimizing soft phase materials. The former tactic is significant because a particle reinforcement can use h...

The escalating incidence of chronic diseases and infections has driven an increase in the use of antibiotics, raising concerns regarding their disposal and presence in water sources. Antibiotic‐resistant genes (ARGs) can arise in bacteria and other microorganisms when antibiotics are present in the water. Human, plant, and animal physiological proc...

Oil spills in the ocean and the release of contaminated wastewater from industries cause significant harm to the ecosystem and water sources. To tackle this environmental problem, oil–water mixture separation has been the subject of extensive research over the past few decades. Improving oil absorbents is crucial in removing organic contaminants fr...

The introduction of biopolymers, which are sustainable and green materials, desegregated nature’s water purification proficiency with science and technology, opens a new sustainable methodology in water reclamation. In order to introduce an efficacious adsorbent system for MB dye-toxic pollutant, adsorption, providing robust mechanical properties a...

Textile industries plays a vital role in the augmentation of global economy attributed to the high-end demand for textiles and fabrics and demonstrated a vast pace growth post-pandemic period. The escalated production not only resulted in the global economy development but also led to the large-scale liberation of textile effluents (dyes and pigmen...

In the near-future, electronic warfare (EW) and radar technology completely rely on the stealthiness and shielding of the targets and our own electronic detection/communication systems. Therefore, it is necessary to design an appropriate material, more preferably painting/coating, that is flexible, lightweight, giving good stealthiness (reduces the...

In the present work, we try to understand physicochemical relationships between polymer and Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) using Amplitude Modulation Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy (AMFM) by observing changes in Young’s modulus of the polymer due to interaction with the VOC. We also compare AMFM results with polymer-modified quartz t...

Silk, a naturally occurring proteinaceous biopolymer with remarkable adsorbent properties, has been employed in wastewater remediation. The sericin coating, functioning as a protective barrier and rendering fibres impervious to external chemical attacks and preventing their involvement in chemical reactions, was removed using a greener alternative...

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread contaminants stemming from various industrial and consumer products, posing a grave threat to both human health and ecosystems. PFAS contamination arises from multiple sources, including industrial effluents, packaging, and product manufacturing, accumulating in plants and impacting the food...

Biochar, a carbon-rich substance obtained through the pyrolysis of various biomass sources like wood, agricultural residues, and municipal solid waste, exhibits exceptional adsorption properties, making it highly effective in removing a wide range of pollutants, including emerging pharmaceutical contaminants. This is due to its porous structure and...

This research introduces a green synthesis route for a MXene/PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) composite using electrospinning to realize ultra-thin mats with super-hydrophobic properties. Comparative analysis between mats designed using conventional solvent casting and electrospinning techniques was carried out to identify superior electromagnetic in...

Different types of stealth films and their electromagnetic (EM) behavioral characteristics have been studied to fulfil the stealth requirements of today’s electronic warfare (EW) for military mission success. The EM performance of stealth films has been measured using two different measurement methods: wave guide measurement (WGM) and open area tes...

Pesticides have remarkably contributed to protecting crop production and increase food production. Despite the improved food availability, the unavoidable ubiquity of pesticides in the aqueous media has significantly threatened human microbiomes and biodiversity. The use of biochar to remediate pesticides in soil water offers a sustainable waste ma...

The rising peril of oil spills, contretemps of oil carriers, and oil seepages polluting our inestimable water bodies and blemishing marine lives are perilous and grievous matters of concern. Silk is one of the utmost appreciated materials for wastewater treatment in arrears to its superhydrophobicity while finding the legitimate solution to the oil...

Demand for energy storage devices has increased the need for eco‐friendly options like silk, a common textile material which under various conditions can possess fair electrical and piezoelectric activity. Silk Fibroin (SF) shows extreme reliability as future energy storage material when employed as essential battery components by forming an enhanc...

The exceptional mechanical properties of aramid fibers make them a popular choice for high‐performance materials; despite that, their potential is limited due to their surface properties bonding energy and interfacial bonding strength with matrix materials. The enhanced resistance of poly‐aramid fibers (AFs) to severe surroundings and improved inte...

The global production of fecal wastes is envisioned to reach a very high tonnage by 2030. Perilous handling and consequential exposition of human and animal fecal matter are inextricably linked with stunted growth, enteric diseases, inadequate cognitive skills, and zoonoses. Sludge treatment from sewage and water treatment processes accounts for a...

Technological advancements are exacting futuristic materials that exhibit comprehensive properties for diversiform applications. Cyanate Esters (CE) are promising materials that can suffice the current and future demands for myriad applications. This is possible because they exhibit multitudinal properties such as nominal density 1.17gm3\documentcl...

Sewage sludge (SS), mainly the residual, semi-solid, or slurry, produced as an offshoot in sewage treatment plants comprises nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, and organic matter and can have traces of fatal toxins which cannot be eliminated by employing conventional techniques. The thermochemical conversion of SS into biochar is a po...

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are indeed escalating as a consequence of the expanding global energy demand, emphasizing the significance of CO2 capture, where carbon capture and sequestration have been deemed to be the most efficacious approach for alleviating CO2 emissions. Multiple technologies have been devised to capture CO2, and current research...

The removal of hazardous and life-threatening integrated effluents from contaminated water is a major trepidation, and the remediation process obtains reclaimed potable and sparkling water, where Geopolymer arose as the foremost effectual substance. Geopolymer-based materials are the representatives of a massive group of inorganic amorphous alumino...

Nacreous architecture has a good combination of toughness and modulus, which can be mimicked at the micron to submicron level using 3D printing to resolve the demand in numerous applications such as automobile, aerospace, and protection equipment. The present study examines the fabrication of two nacre structures, a nacre columnar (NC) and a nacre...

Coated technical fabrics are used in the military as personnel protective clothing as well in space exploration applications such as ultra-long duration balloons. In this article, authors prepared 12 varieties of coated fabrics to find out suitable barrier chemical for military inflatable devices used at ultraviolet (UV) intense high altitude (HA)...

MXenes are currently a research hotspot in the field of 2D materials, hinting to revolutionize material technology. Their layered architecture allows for molecular intercalation, defect engineering, and surface band gap functionalization, with applications as diverse as energy storage and drinking water desalination. Its structural and functional i...

Water is a crucial elemental contributor for all sectors; however, the agricultural sector alone accounts for 70% of the world's total water withdrawal. The anthropogenic activity from various industries including agriculture, textiles, plastics, leather, and defence has resulted in the release of contaminants into water systems, resulting harm to...

In the present world, the depletion of the chief resources of energy, like fossil fuels, has prompted researchers all over the world to produce energy storage devices that dispense electronic properties superior to existing technology like rechargeable batteries. The morphology of electrodes of such devices has been a critical factor in establishin...

The utilization of implantable devices beseeches highly invasive surgeries considering the adversaries in the insertion of large, impliable devices through the body channels, which necessitate the development of implantable devices using biocompatible shape memory polymers. Silk displays prodigious heterogeneity in its genetic structure and physica...

Biosorbent composites like chitin, alginate, moss, xanthene, and cotton can be derived from biotic species such as plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria which can be used for the exclusion of both organic and inorganic toxicants from sewage, industrial effluent, polluted soils, and many more. The use of composites in place of raw substrates like algin...

Modern-day technology with terahertz (THz) frequency band has diverse applications relating to health, security surveillance, aerospace, and communications to imaging and sensing in contemporary society. The higher frequency of the terahertz waves has allowed transmitting a greater information capacity, thus predominating other locks in the electro...

In recent years, there has been a surge in interest in the field of bio-based pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) driven by the increase in stringent regulations and eminent concerns for sustainability. There have been continued efforts to find suitable alternatives for conventional petroleum-based PSA systems. With the gaining momentum in the fiel...

Undesired discharge of various effluents directly into the aquatic ecosystem can adversely affect water quality, endangering aquatic and terrestrial flora and fauna. Therefore, the conceptual design and fabrication of a sustainable system for alleviating the harmful toxins that are discharged into the atmosphere and water bodies using a green susta...