Balakrishnan Saravanakumar

• PhD
• Professor (Assistant) at Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology

Bi2O3 rods/RGO composite has been synthesized by a simple precipitation and calcination method. The crystallnity, structural, and morphological features were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) techniques. The supercapacitor behavior...

Supercapacitors (SCs) are ideal for high-power applications due to their rapid power delivery. The performance of SCs hinges on innovative electrode materials. This study presents the fabrication of a CuZrO3 and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) composite via a microwave-assisted, eco-friendly method. Structural and morphological analyses were conducted...

This study investigates the electrocatalytic hydrogen production and supercapacitor effectiveness of hexagonal KCu7S4, a material abundant in nature, which serves as a promising dual-functional material for sustainable applications. Concerning the electrochemical reactions, the KCu7S4 possesses a unique layered hexagonal structure that minimizes in...

In this study, the synthesis of magnesium-doped copper ferrite, namely CuxMg1−xFe2O4 (x = 1, 0.9, 0.7, and 0.5), is achieved using a facile microwave route, and the cubic crystalline structure, functional group, and nanostructured materials are discussed. The electrochemical studies of the magnesium-doped copper ferrite (MCF) are carried out by ass...

Rapidly increasing demand for electrical energy due to unprecedented growth of electronic gadgets urges the research on developing innovative electrode materials for new age batteries and supercapacitors (SCs). Among various electrode materials for SCs, copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) is a cost-effective compound to make electrode materials for SC applica...

In this study, we report the synthesis of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanoparticles with three different surfactants: Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB), Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG), and Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) and their different properties. In order to study the performance of Bi2O3 based materials as negative electrodes in supercapacitor app...

Bismuth-based semiconductors have attracted significant attention in rechargeable batteries and supercapacitor devices. In this study, layered structured bismuth germanate (Bi12GeO20) was synthesized using hexamine as a surfactant, at 850 °C, and utilized as electro-active material for supercapacitor and sodium ion (NaB) storage applications. The p...

Supercapacitors (SCs) have emerged as attractive energy storage devices due to their rapid charge/discharge rates, long cycle life, and high-power density. However, the development of innovative electrode materials to achieve high-performance remains crucial to meet future requirements in supercapacitor technology. In this work, we have explored th...

At present scenario, the design of newer energy storage devices primarily focuses on superior capacity, rate performance, cost-effectiveness and stability. Among the other available Bi-Transition Metal oxides (BTMO’s), NiFe2O4 is a favorable material for electrochemical supercapacitor (SC) applications due to the presence of two metal moieties. The...

The carbon nanotubes attached mesoporous Ag3O4-coated NiO nanosheets were prepared successfully through hydrothermal method. The structural, morphological and electrochemical properties of the prepared nanocomposite have been studied. The X-ray diffraction and Raman analysis confirms the presence of NiO, Ag3O4 and carbon nanotubes in the prepared s...

Modern research focuses exclusively on the search for relatively inexpensive, highly efficient electrocatalytic materials for the electrocatalytic hydrogen production water splitting reactions. Antimony is a chemical element having four allotropes with three oxidation states. Antimony is a semi-metal with elemental antimony. Recently, elemental ant...

Activated carbon is one of the multi functional materials which promotes the electrochemical catalysis for hydrogen production in greener way. In the present work, the fruit shells of Tamarindus indica have been used to synthesize the carbon structure at different temperatures by chemical vapour deposition method. The structural confirmation has be...

Carbon based electrocatalysts are promising candidates to achieve the production of hydrogen energy in a sustainable wayby simple water splitting technique. Thermally treated reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and N–S doped RGO employing urea and thiourea as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The performance of electrochemical HER ha...

Transition metal oxide-based magnetic nanocomposites attract great attention due to their unique properties and applications in the field of energy storage. Herein, we present a facile microwave procedure for the synthesis of CuFe2O4 (CF) and CuFe2O4 incorporated with reduced graphene oxide CuFe2O4/rGO (CG) as potential electrode materials for hybr...

A simple and cost-efficient microwave route has been adopted to synthesize CuO/MoS2/rGO (CuMG) nanostructure as a potential electrode for supercapacitor. The morphological investigation indicates that the nanoflakes of bare CuO are decorated with the layered MoS2/rGO nanostructures. CuMG composite exhibits a higher specific capacitance of 1445 F g⁻...

This paper reported the successful preparation and characterization of bio-activated carbon nanosheets (ACNSs) synthesized from tamarind (tamarind indicia) fruits shells (TFSs) by employing Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) tubular furnace. The preparation of pure ACNSs and also potassium hydroxide (KOH) activated carbon nanosheets (K-ACNSs) were mad...

To attain elevated class MXene (Ti3C2Tx) through a homemade kitchen blender method, high shear mechanical exfoliation is highly required for the efficient delimitations of MXene nanosheets from bulk MAX (Ti3AlC2). We examine large-scale industrial productions of the MXene nanosheets, where combing the predicted 2D materials using a blender is a fir...

Herein, we report the design of N-doped graphene anchored Zn₃V₂O₈ (MTMO) composite material prepared via hydrothermal method to facilitate more active channels for ion intercalation and to improve the specific capacitance for supercapacitor electrode applications. The sheet like morphology of the Zn₃V₂O₈@graphene (GVZ) composite offered additional...

Ternary metal selenides of MnCoSe2 were synthesized for various weight percentage of Mn (0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 wt %). MnCoSe2 emerged as the novel-energy storing material for the supercapacitor application and guaranteed the improved electrochemical performance in asymmetric configuration. As prepared ternary metal selenide (TMSe) was explored for st...

An electrochemically active composite material consisting of zinc vanadate (Zn3V2O8) and nitrogen doped multi wall carbon nanotubes (N-MWNCT) was prepared using simple hydrothermal procedure. This attractive composite material was exploited as an electrode for the supercapacitor application. The multiple oxidation states of vanadium and stable zinc...

Metal oxide nanoparticles are considered to be an important material due to their good mechanical stability, unique structure and catalytic properties. The hydrothermal method was followed along with rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) fruit peel extract mixed with metal ions to prepare titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods. Though there are numerous simi...

NiWO4, Ni(OH)2 and novel combination of NiWO4@Ni(OH)2 have been hydrothermally synthesized for clean energy production via electrochemical water splitting. The physical and electrochemical behavior of NiWO4, Ni(OH)2 and NiWO4@Ni(OH)2 were reported. The nanocomposite formation was confirmed by predominant diffraction peaks of both NiWO4 and Ni(OH)2...

Hydrothermal synthesis technique was employed to synthesize bare and Ag doped WO3 electrocatalysts for electrochemical water splitting process for sustainable energy production. The structural confirmation of the bare and Ag (5% and 10%) doped WO3 samples were done by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Monoclinic crystal structure was confirmed. The...

NiS, CuS and dual phase [email protected] composite nanostructures were successfully synthesized via hydrothermal method. The synthesized material was subjected to structural and morphological studies using XRD and SEM. The rhombohedral and hexagonal phase of NiS and CuS was confirmed from XRD. The combination of rhombohedral NiS and hexagonal CuS...

Pure and cerium doped nickel oxide nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal method. Structural, optical, and morphological properties were studied by employing XRD, Raman, PL, and SEM analyses. The information about the functional group and chemical structure of the prepared sample was analyzed through FTIR. Electrochemical studies exhibited goo...

Nano size transition metal oxides are attracted the attention of researchers due to its interesting electrochemical properties. Here, vanadium oxide (V5O9) nanostructures were synthesized by one pot hydrothermal route where three different kinds of acids were used such as H2SO4, HCl and HNO3 to synthesize V5O9 and its physico-chemical studies were...

Cu2S nanopowders were prepared by sol gel combustion method. X-ray diffraction study confirmed tetragonal structure of crystalline (110) plane. Cu2S nanostructure revealed nanorod like morphology. The strong and sharp Raman peaks observed at 474 cm⁻¹ revealed covellite structure. PL emission at 360 nm confirmed material near band edge emission. The...

Zinc vanadate (Zn3V2O8) rods have been prepared using easy and economical hydrothermal technique and are explored for supercapacitor electrode application. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were analysed for the structure and morphology of the sample. The electrochemical performance of the Zn3V2O8 elect...

The rapid growth of electrical energy consumption over the globe urges to carryout intense research on innovative electrode materials for supercapacitor electrode application. Till date, varieties of carbon‐based nanocomposites have been tested to achieve high performance in supercapacitors. Among these, graphene is considered as a candidate utiliz...

Copper based derivatives such as CuO, CuS and CuSe2 nanostructures were synthesized employing hydrothermal growth for clean energy production. Three different unique morphologies of CuO, CuS and CuSe2 was observed respectively as hexagonal nanoplates, sharp edge rock like nanostructures and nanoflowers consists of well defined nanorods. Half cell e...

In today's sophisticated world, the need for electric energy is increasing every day. Therefore, it is essential to manufacture electrode materials to store electric energy. Nickel, bismuth, and cobalt vanadium oxides are considered a member of a group of the best anodes in energy storage applications. In this study, three kinds of anode materials...

The use of organic–inorganic metal oxide products in biomedical applications has emerged as the most expanding field. To have long-lasting stability and improved reliability, a biomaterial must be specially chosen and have bioactivity and mechanical properties from the application's point of view. Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) fruit is consider...

Due to over depletion of fossil fuels, researchers started to find hydrogen energy to compete with the energy demands. Bi2WO6 and Ni (5% and 10%) doped Bi2WO6 were prepared via hydrothermal route. Structural confirmation of undoped and doped Bi2WO6 nanostructures was estimated by using standard characterization studies. The nanoflake and nanoneedle...

Material storage property enrichment with good electrochemical performance is a foremost challenge. Cobalt hydroxide and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite synthesized via chemical precipitation method showed improved specific capacitance and cycle stability. The unique rGO layered structure in composite enhanced overall electrochemical perform...

So far, numerous metal oxides and metal hydroxides have been reported as an electrode material, a critical component in supercapacitors that determines the operation window of the capacitor. Among them, nickel and cobalt-based materials are studied extensively due to their high capacitance nature. However, the pure phase of hydroxides does not show...

In this study, a general and effective phosphorization strategy is demonstrated to enhance the super capacitor performance of Ni, Cu, and Mn transition metals. The composites such as Ni 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and Mn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 were achieved by employing hydrothermal method mixing with ethylene glycol. These composite nanostructures were char...

Co-precipitation assisted hydrothermal synthesis was employed to prepare Mn3O4 electrocatalysts for efficient electrochemical water oxidation. Tetragonal structure of high crystalline and pure phase Mn3O4 nanostructures was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra. Physical characteristics such as vibration, optical and morphology of the electr...

New attractive advances in electrode preparation for supercapacitor applications with rGO based composite materials are eye-catching attention of researchers. Cobalt oxide is considered as an effective electrode for full cell fabrication due to its high specific capacitance. Cost effective solvothermal method was used to prepare pristine Co3O4 nano...

CuCo2O4 nanorods and their nanocomposites were prepared via facile hydrothermal synthesis with the help of urea. X-ray diffraction results revealed the face-centered cubic (Fd3m) structure and the obtained product average crystallite size was about 17.45 nm. The vibrational state of 1Eg and 1A1g Raman active modes of CuCo2O4 materials was observed...

Mn3O4/MnSnO3 nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized via solvothermal method by using the mixed solution consisting of manganese chloride and tin chloride salt dissolved in the mixture of ethanol and deionized water in 50:50 ratio at the processing temperature of 180 °C by adapting different capping agents such as PVP, PVA and ethylene gl...

In this study, solvothermal method was used for the synthesis of MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles at different processing period of 7, 14, and 21 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern study confirms that MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles correspond to the face-centered cubic spinel structure and belong to the Fd3m [227] space group. From Raman spectra analysis, two major pe...

A novel nanocomposite was synthesized by combining copper oxide with mesoporous carbon (CuO/MPC) and tested for potential applications as a supercapacitor electrode. Due to the presence of highly conductive carbon, this CuO/MPC nanocomposite is expected to provide additional pathways and more electro-active sites for ion diffusion than a metal oxid...

The main scope of this study was to evaluate continuous fast pyrolysis method and the quality of bio-oil produced from Prosospis juliflora on a self-designed Blade Type Reactor (BTR). The bio-oil was produced at 450 °C and characterised for ultimate and proximate analysis. For each batch of biomass feed stock, the BTR had conversion efficiency into...

In this work, the role of different solvent in the synthesis of Mo9O26 nanoparticles was examined through hydrothermal method at optimized experimental conditions. The precursor solutions consists of sodium molybdate salts was dissolved respectively in deionized water, ethanol and mixture of ethanol and deionized water in a separate beaker and labe...

The monodispersed CuFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized and optimized by employing solvothermal method and were studied by employing X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The obtained products have tetragonal crystalline cubic-spinel type structure belonging to I41/amd space group. The Raman and infrared studies analyzed the different vibration and star...

The SnO₂ nanoparticles formation by hydrothermal method at different experimental conditions such as temperature, pH, reaction time, and capping agent (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide), was studied. X-ray diffraction results confirmed regular rutile crystal structure of SnO₂. The characteristic Raman peak observed at 635 cm-1 corresponded to A1g mod...

The synthesis of bismuth based materials with porous structures for supercapacitor application has drawn much attention due to their high specific surface area and easy access of electrolytes with the electrode surface through their hierarchical pores. In this present report, we synthesized a three dimensional (3D) BiOCOOH micro flowers by a solvot...

Synthesis of polyoxometalates (Cu3Mo2O9 nanopowders) was obtained by using solvothermal method and confirmed by X-ray diffraction pattern, with orthorhombic crystalline structure belonging to the space group Pna21(33). Further, the synthesized Cu3Mo2O9 nanopowders were analyzed by using Raman, infrared, and photoluminescence studies. X-ray photoele...

In quest for cost-affordable but high performing supercapacitor (SC), we explored fabrication of electrode material of copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures using simple solution-based synthesis procedure and different surfactants. Here, we report the influence of the surfactants on the morphological and structural evolutions as well as energy-storage...

Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) based electrodes for energy storage devices have captured sizeable attention in the past decade owing to their attractive physiochemical features. In the present work, flaky structured V2O5 was prepared using a single step hydrothermal route. The results from analytical investigations hold up well with the formation scheme...

MnMoO4 nanoparticles were synthesized by employing solvothermal method at optimized experimental condition to explore their electrochemical properties. The fundamental characterization studies such as X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the formation of pure phase of monoclinic crystal structure w...

The present work addresses the important need of new materials to improve energy storage materials. The synthesis of MnCo2O4 nanospheres by employing solvothermal method at different incubation times was carried out. The effects of reaction time on structural, morphological, and electrochemical studies were briefly investigated. The X-ray diffracti...

Detection of uric acid (UA) is a foremost area of research as abnormal increases in its level can be used to diagnose diseases such as gout, renal disorders, and arthritis. Development of efficient test diagnostics to detect UA in human urine is therefore required. In this study, magnesium oxide was prepared via a hydrothermal route. X-ray diffract...

Zinc cobalt oxide (ZnCo2O4) microspheres are prepared at three different hydrothermal process temperatures (100 °C, 130 °C, and 160 °C) assisted with urea. XRD studies reveal the spinel face-centered cubic (Fd3m) structure of ZnCo2O4 microspheres. The optical and vibrational properties of the product are characterized by photoluminescence and FTIR...

Metal-doped tin oxide is gathering interest in the field of energy storage and power supply devices, particularly in supercapacitors applications. In the present study, we adopt a hydrothermal method to synthesis SnO2, Zn-SnO2, Ag-SnO2 nanoparticles at suitable conditions of temperature, pH, reaction time, and capping agents (CTAB). SnO2, Zn-SnO2,...

NiO/NiSnO3 nanocomposite synthesis was accomplished by a hydrothermal method. The role of polyvinylpyrrolidone and experimental parameters in the configuration of NiO/NiSnO3 nanocomposite was studied by employing standard characterization techniques. Electrochemical properties were demonstrated by adopting cyclic voltammetry, electro-impedance spec...

In this work, synthesis of β-V2O5 nanorods by solvothermal method was adopted at optimum experimental conditions by varying the concentration of NaOH as 0.5M, 1M, 1.5M and 2M. The obtained products were characterization by following techniques, XRD, RAMAN, FTIR, and FESEM. The XRD results reveal the formation of β-V2O5 nanorods and its crystalline...

Zinc doped tin oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by employing sol–gel method assisted with different surfactants namely cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), hexamine and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400). The synthesis of uniform distribution of spherical Zn-SnO2 nanoparticles in presence of PEG-400 was optimized. The synthesized Zn-SnO2 nan...

In this work the effect of concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in the synthesis of Nickel doped Manganese oxide (Ni-MnO2) nanoparticles have been carried out by adopting the sol-gel process. The synthesized products were characterized by XRD, Infra- Red (FTIR) and SEM analysis. The XRD confirms the formation of Ni-MnO2 nanopartic...

An attempt was made to synthesis the copper doped tin oxide (Cu-SnO2) nanoparticles by adopting different chelating agents (NaOH, KOH and C2H2O4) by Sol-gel process. The synthesized products were characterized by XRD, Photoluminescence (PL), Infra- Red (FTIR) and SEM analysis. The XRD confirms the formation of Cu-SnO2 shows the maximum peak at 33.8...

The manuscript presents structural, optical and magnetic properties of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles obtained employing a simple co-precipitation method in aqueous solution. Influence of ferric chloride concentration on the structural, optical and magnetic properties of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles was investigated. XRD results clearly revealed the spinel tetrago...

The nanosheets interconnected highly porous CoxNi1-xO (0.025≤ x≤ 0.1) was successfully synthesized via hydrothermal route. The effect of Co on the structural, morphological and electrochemical properties of NiO has been examined for supercapacitor (SC) application. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images display the formation of porous networks....

Developing vanadium based supercapacitor electrode materials with excellent rate capacity and cycling performance is still remaining as challenge towards their usefulness in advanced supercapacitor devices. In the present work, we have developed vanadium pentoxide (V2O5)/nitrogen containing mesoporous carbon spheres (n-MPC) nanocomposite without th...

To accomplish superior performance in supercapacitors, a fresh class of electrode materials with advantageous structures is essential. Owing to its rich electrochemical activity, vanadium oxides are considered to be an attractive electrode material for energy storing devices. In this work, vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanostructures were prepared usin...

The three-dimensional (3D) floral-shaped V2O5 was directly grown on Ni foam backbones by a straightforward and additive free hydrothermal approach. The as-synthesised material can be directly investigated as electrodes for supercapacitors without inclusion of other additives, such as polymer binder and carbon black. These elegant structural feature...

BiPO4 nanomaterial was synthesized using EDTA (Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid) as surfactant via simple microwave method. The structure and morphology of BiPO4 was systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) studies respectively. The obtaine...

Elimination of organic pollutants from wastewaters under visible-light irradiation is a venerable challenge in the fields of environmental and material science. In this work, we present a facile eco-friendly method to fabricate novel Cu2SnS3 flowers/RGO (Cu2SnS3/RGO) nanocomposites via a solvothermal method using L-cysteine as a sulphur source and...

Nano colloidal PPy:PSS particles were synthesised by chemical oxidative polymerization using 15 wt% of Poly(styrene sulfonate) PSS. Highly processable polymer composite (PPy:PSS) was spin-coated at 4000 rpm on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass and subsequently employed as counter electrode (CE) for dye sensitized solar cell (DSC). PPy:PSS multil...

Conductive material coating on redox efficient transition-metal oxides is one of the approaches to enhance the conductivity of the metal oxides. This approach could greatly boost the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. In this article an attractive low cost method to coat conductive carbon on V2O5 nanostructures is reported. When utiliz...

For metal oxide based supercapacitor electrodes, the structure and conductivity of the active material play a dominant role in determining the performance of the supercapacitors. In this work V2O5/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid nanostructures are fabricated. This hybrid electrode utilizes the advantage of high conductivity nature of rGO and el...

This article details an approach for fabrication of MnO2 grafted V2O5 nanostructures to function as supercapacitor electrode. The MnO2 and V2O5 combined and formed profitable hierarchical network morphology. Most importantly, both MnO2 and V2O5 contributed to the energy storage. This kind of synergetic architecture exhibits the elevated specific ca...

The vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) has been attached to functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube (f-MWCNT) networks by simplified solution based approach. The product V2O5/f-MWCNT hybrid nanocomposite has been exploited for supercapacitor electrode application. The addition of f-MWCNT with V2O5 significantly improves the surface area and conductivity, w...

To address the issues such as low ionic conductivity, poor electrode kinetics and cyclic stability, the strategy of combining carbon-based materials with transition metal oxide (TMO) is adopted. In this article, the preparation of CuO/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposite electrodes by a simple, low cost hydrothermal method is described. This...

Vanadium pentoxide (V(2)O(5)) has attracted attention for supercapcitor applications because of its extensive multifunctional properties. In the present study, V(2)O(5) nanoporous network was synthesized via simple capping-agent-assisted precipitation technique and it is further annealed at different temperatures. The effect of annealing temperatur...