Bahram Kalhor

Shahid Beheshti University | SBU · Department of Computer Engineering

We present k constant as the quantum of the mass. The total mass of each object is an integer multiple of the k constant. The k constant relates frequency and the mass of a particle (m =). The smallest mass is equal to the mass carry by a photon with frequency 1 Hz. Also, we present quantum of the angular momentum and calculate its value. In the k...

We use Generalized Minkowski spacetime and obtain a multi-dimensional energy equation in the spacetimes. We use potential energy and total energy as two components in the Makowski spacetime. We present a new multi-dimensional energy equation that relates the total energy of the multi-dimensional object to its rest mass. The multi-dimensional energy...

The paper investigates physical parameters and the path of the movement of the particles in the spacetime and shows that special relativity is incomplete. The special relativity does not explain the correct relationship between the energy and momentum in the spacetime, so then the energy-momentum equation is incorrect. We present the relationship b...

The paper uses the quantum of the mass for obtaining the multidimensional mass-energy equation and compares it with the relativistic energy-momentum equation. We show that the mass and frequency of the particles depend on the counts of the quanta masses in the first dimension while the energy of the particles is equal to the counts of all quanta ma...

The paper compares the multi-dimensional energy-momentum equation with the relativistic energy-momentum equation. We show that the relativistic energy-momentum equation is wrong and unable to explain the mass-energy equivalence in the multi-dimensional real space. Bertozzi's experiment is good evidence for showing the problem of the relativistic en...

Although SIMBAD Astronomical Database lets us write our query to extract data, there are some problems. Max record number in each query is too low. Also, repeating the name of stars in different records is a big problem. Hence, we wrote a script and executed it at different distances. Also, we wrote a program for grouping data and deleting repeated...

Einstein’s Special Relativity (SR) is an ambiguous theory and cannot describe the behavior of a particle after doing more work on it at the speed of light. The paper uses the quantum structure of the electromagnetic waves to propose a new structure and new movement path of the particle after doing more work on it at the speed of light. The key poin...

The dark energy that the universe needs to expand has not yet been discovered. In addition, the nature of dark matter is a big mystery. We need a new theory to explain what the mechanism of the Redshift is and how it works. In the Quantum Redshift (QR) theory, sharing one-dimensional quanta energies of some periods between other periods of electrom...

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Quantum Redshift disagrees with dark energy and expansion of space and describes Redshift by sharing the quanta energies of some periods between other periods of electromagnetic waves. In the Quantum Redshift, regardless of the material and type of the space objects (stars, quasars, white dwarfs, and carbon stars), the Redshift mainly depends on th...

The paper uses the distance and temperature of 47,111 hottest nearby space objects including stars, quasars, white dwarf, and carbon stars. We have used SIMBAD Astronomical Database and obtained this information from 930,000 records. The range of temperature of the hottest objects is between 6158 and 99,575 K. Also, the distance of the objects is b...

We report a list of nearby stars whose Redshift is too much higher than other nearby stars based on an analysis of 58,916 stars. We have used SIMBAD Astronomical Database and obtained this information from 1.4 million records. The data indicate that the Redshift of the almost 200 stars does not completely correlate with distance, and there are some...

The Redshift of the electromagnetic waves is a powerful tool for calculating the distance of the objects in space and studying their behavior. However, physicists' misinterpretation of why Redshift occurs has led us to a misunderstanding of the most cosmological phenomena. The paper introduces Quantum Redshift (QR) by using the quantum structure of...

The Redshift of the electromagnetic waves is a powerful tool for calculating the distance of the objects in space and studying their behavior. However, physicists' misinterpretation of why Redshift occurs has led us to a misunderstanding of the most cosmological phenomena. The paper introduces Quantum Redshift (QR) by using the quantum structure of...

The redshift of the electromagnetic waves is a powerful tool for calculating the distance of the objects in space and studying their behavior. However, physicists' misinterpretation of why Redshift occurs has led us to a misunderstanding of the most cosmological phenomena. The paper introduces Quantum Redshift (QR) by using the quantum structure of...

The paper introduces quantum Redshift. By using the quantum structure of the electromagnetic waves, we can describe the Redshift. Losing the quanta masses along the traveling in the space is the reason of the decreasing the frequency of the electromagnetic waves. Recursive quantum Redshift predict distance of the objects by calculating the z parame...

The paper presents the kinetic energy of the particles in the multi-dimensional spacetime. We have used multi-dimensional energy-momentum equation for obtaining a new kinetic energy equation. We introduce new relation between the potential energy and the kinetic energy in the multi-dimensional spacetime. Also, we present one-dimensional kinetic ene...

The paper introduces the energy equation in a multi-dimensional spacetime. Firstly, we use a new relation between kinetic energy and potential energy. Secondly, we obtain total energy based on potential energy and kinetic energy. Thirdly, we present the relationship between the momentum and the kinetic energy, and Finally, we compare the proposed e...

The stars in the spiral galaxies move in such a way that they increase their distance from the center of the black hole and make a mathematical series. We purpose a mathematical model for predicting the path of the stars in the spiral galaxies. The complex dimensional model is a novel mathematical series for illustrating the relationship between 4-...

We use the quantum of the mass and its equations to present a new formula that relates the energy of a massive object to its wavelength. We use the energy-mass equation of Einstein and the mass-frequency equation of the quantum of the mass. The new equation uses k constant, speed of the object, and wavelength of the object for calculating the energ...

We use k constant for investigating the correctness of the equation of the wave-particle duality. We show that the equation of the wavelength of a massive object is not correct unless it moves in the speed of the light. According to the equations of the quantum of the mass, we rewrite the equation of the wave-particle duality.

Although matter and antimatter have equally produced in the universe, physicists cannot find much antimatter. The paper propose that the main part of the antimatter exists in the center of the black holes. A ring of the antimatter is covered by a ring of the electrons, while both rings have trapped in a strong electric field. The high-density ring...

We propose a new structure of a black hole based on the vacuum. In our theory, there is no massive mass at the center of the black hole and the source of gamma rays in the black hole is space energy. Positrons make a wall around the source of the gamma rays and make two jets. Contact between gamma rays and free positrons of the disk makes photon ri...

Although many methods have been designed for ranking universities, there is no suitable system that focuses on the ranking of countries based on the performance of their universities. The overall ranking of the universities in a region can indicate the growth of interests in science among the people of that land. This paper introduces a novel ranki...

The paper introduces a novel mechanism for approximating traffic of the academic sites (universities and research institutes) in the World Wide Web based on Alexa rankings. Firstly we introduce and discuss new method for calculating score (weight) of each site based on its Alexa rank. Secondly we calculate percentage of academic traffic in the Worl...

The purpose of this study is to analyse the correlation between content and traffic of 21,485 academic websites (universities and research institutes). The achieved result is used as an indicator which shows the performance of the websites for attracting more visitors. This inspires a best practice for developing new websites or promoting the traff...

Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is radiation that we receive from all directions of space. Most scientists believe that it is a radiant of the early universe. Its spectrum is equal to the spectrum of the blackbody in 2.725 K. We show that Quantum Redshift can describe CMB spectrum without the big bang and inflation theories. In the Quantum Redshi...

Percentage of academic traffic in the World Wide Web has not yet been calculated and there are no rankings of countries based on academic traffic in the World Wide Web. Rankings of counties based on their academic traffic have been investigated in this study. For calculating the academic traffic percentage in the world, having the universities’ ran...

The purpose of this study is to analyse the correlation between content and traffic of 21,485 academic websites (universities and research institutes). The achieved result is used as an indicator which shows the performance of the websites for attracting more visitors. This inspires a best practice for developing new websites or promoting the traff...