Bahman Zohuri

Galaxy Advanced Engineering

The rise of hypersonic weapons, capable of traveling at speeds exceeding Mach 5 with unparalleled maneuverability, represents a transformative shift in modern warfare. These weapons, including HGVs (hypersonic glide vehicles) and HCMs (hypersonic cruise missiles), challenge traditional defense systems due to their stealth-like speed, unpredictable...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative medical treatment that harnesses the power of light to selectively target and destroy diseased cells, particularly in cancer and dermatology. This article reviews the mechanisms behind PDT, highlights its pros and cons, and discusses the potential positive and negative side effects that patients may exper...

With an emphasis on renewable and non-renewable energy sources, this article examines America's energy future's complicated and changing landscape. To lower carbon emissions and fight climate change, the United States, which has historically relied on non-renewable resources like coal, oil, and natural gas, is moving increasingly toward cleaner, re...

There is much more to light than just our ability to see. It is an essential component of human life and has a significant physiological, psychological, and social impact on us. Light has influenced our lives in many ways, from the beginning of time, when our ancestors worshipped the sun, to our current dependence on artificial lighting. It helps u...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that has seen a significant rise in prevalence among children in the United States over the past few decades. With current estimates indicating that approximately 1 in 54 children are diagnosed with ASD, understanding the disorder and its implications is more critical than eve...

Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) into clinical and biomedical fields revolutionizes healthcare by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, personalizing treatment, and streamlining operational efficiencies. This review explores recent advancements driven by AI/ML technologies, highlights their implications for patient care,...

The energy revolution of the 21st century is crucial in addressing climate change and achieving a sustainable, zero-carbon future. This article explores the current landscape of energy production, emphasizing the pivotal role of renewable sources alongside the necessity of nuclear energy innovations. As global reliance on fossil fuels remains signi...

This review article explores the multifaceted role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in addressing climate change and its interconnected implications for the economy, future energy strategies, and the increasing demand for energy driven by population growth. By examining current applications and future potential, this article highlights how AI can op...

This article delves into the intriguing concepts of Cherenkov radiation and scalar waves, examining their theoretical foundations and implications in the context of modern physics. Cherenkov radiation, a well-documented phenomenon observed when charged particles travel faster than the phase velocity of light in a medium, is analyzed through both cl...

As the world faces increasing energy demands and concerns about climate change, nuclear power is experiencing a resurgence as a viable and sustainable energy source. This article explores the strategic initiatives concerning the advancement of nuclear technologies, highlighting the prompt adoption of SMRs (small modular reactors), the ongoing advan...

This article explores the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in enhancing adaptive control systems across various industries. Adaptive control systems adjust their parameters in real-time to maintain optimal performance in dynamic environments, and the integration of AI and ML significantly improves their...

This article examines the integration of advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies in nuclear reactor control systems to enhance safety, efficiency, and reliability. It helps to identify and detect equipment degradation at the early stage. It explores key applications, including self-learning algorithms, predictiv...

The Aharonov-Bohm effect is a pivotal quantum mechanical phenomenon that illustrates the fundamental role of the electromagnetic vector potential in determining the phase of a charged particle's wave function, even in regions where the magnetic field is zero. This effect demonstrates that quantum particles are influenced not only by the fields dire...

The nuclear energy sector is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by the transition from analog to digital control systems in Advanced Reactor Control and Operations (ARCO). This digital shift is particularly impactful for small modular reactors (SMRs), poised to become vital to the future energy landscape. Enhancing monitoring, predicti...

This article explores the transformative potential of nanotechnology and MMs (memory metals) in enhancing the design and operation of nuclear reactors, encompassing both fission and fusion technologies. Nanotechnology, with its ability to engineer materials at the atomic scale, offers significant improvements in reactor safety, efficiency, and long...

In the age of rapidly growing global population and escalating energy demands, the pursuit of sustainable, zero-emission energy sources has become critical. This article explores the interplay between environmental concerns, such as global warming and the greenhouse effect, and the need for innovative energy solutions. The melting polar ice caps ex...

This article overviews how Artificial Intelligence (AI) shapes biomedical research, focusing on its applications, benefits, challenges, and prospects. By delving into the transformative capabilities of AI in areas such as disease diagnosis, drug discovery, personalized medicine, and biomarker identification, it underscores the significant advanceme...

Stress is a prevalent factor in modern life that significantly impacts cardiovascular health. This paper explores the intricate relationship between stress and heart health, detailing the physiological mechanisms through which stress affects the cardiovascular system. Various noninvasive strategies for reducing stress in daily life are examined,...

The evolving energy landscape necessitates a paradigm shift towards more sustainable, efficient, and resilient systems. This article explores integrating renewable and non-renewable energy sources within Smart Grid alternatives, highlighting the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Renewable sources, like solar and wind, are essenti...

This paper explores the interconnections between quantum entanglement, string theory, and higher dimensions in modern theoretical physics. Quantum entanglement, a well-verified phenomenon in quantum mechanics, illustrates non-local correlations between particles, challenging classical notions of locality. String theory, seeking to unify general rel...

As global efforts intensify to combat climate change and achieve sustainable energy goals, nuclear power is re-emerging as a vital component of the energy mix. This article explores modern nuclear technologies' economic and environmental potential, focusing on the nuclear fuel cycle, Generation IV reactors, Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), and the...

This article explores the convergence of advanced nuclear reactor technology and Optical Time Domain Reflec-tometry (OTDR) enhanced by Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). It highlights the operational principles and applications of Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs), Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs), and Sodium cooled Fast Reactors...

The global energy landscape is at a pivotal juncture. With increasing concerns about climate change, energy security, and economic stability, the transition to sustainable energy sources has become more critical. This transformation is driven by technological advancements, policy shifts, and changing consumer preferences. To navigate this transitio...

The safety and reliability of Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) in nuclear power generation are of paramount importance. BWRs face formidable operational challenges, including harsh radiation environments and seismic vibrations, which necessitate innovative solutions for continuous monitoring and safety enhancement. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) arrays and...

Introduction Technology advancements, policy mandates, and shifting consumer preferences are reshaping the global energy landscape at a pivotal moment. As the world struggles to combat climate change, clean and sustainable energy solutions are more critical than ever. Financial incentives and environmental requirements drive many people toward rene...

The fusion-fission hybrid reactor system is a cutting-edge nuclear technology designed to integrate the processes of nuclear fusion and fission to create a more efficient and sustainable energy source. This hybrid approach leverages fusion to generate high-energy neutrons, which then induce fission in a surrounding blanket of fissile material, sign...

The field of nuclear medicine has seen a significant transformation in recent years, thanks to the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies. These advancements have not only improved the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment but have also played a crucial role in the development and application of radiophar...

This comprehensive memorandum exploration delves into the synergies and challenges within computational intelligence for signal and image processing. The article provides a holistic view of the evolving landscape by covering foundational concepts, neural networks, fuzzy systems, and the symbiotic relationships among various deep learning architectu...

This article explores the transformative landscape at the nexus of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Quantum Computing , enriched by the principles of group theory. Delving into the foundations of quantum computing, the discussion unfolds the potential of quantum bits, gates, and entanglement to revolutionize computation. Harnessing the analytical p...

This article delves into the intricate landscape of energy decision-making, exploring the dynamic interplay between renewable, non-renewable, and nuclear energy sources, along with the integration of Advanced Reactor Concepts (ARCs) and Vernova’s innovative approach. Through a comprehensive examination of tactical and strategic planning, it elucida...

This article explores the fusion of Fuzzy Logic (FL) and Group Theory within the realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI), uncovering a transformative synergy that promises to enhance the adaptability and robustness of intelligent systems. Beginning with an individual examination of Fuzzy Logic and Group Theory, the paper establishes the theoretical f...

This comprehensive memorandum exploration delves into the synergies and challenges within computational intelligence for signal and image processing. The article provides a holistic view of the evolving landscape by covering foundational concepts, neural networks, fuzzy systems, and the symbiotic relationships among various deep learning architectu...

The article explores the revolutionary effects of artificial Intelligence (AI) on cybersecurity in various industries, emphasizing how important it is to protect sensitive data and strengthen vital infrastructure. Using AI-driven cybersecurity solutions signifies a paradigm change away from reactive, defensive tactics and toward proactive, adaptive...

Global industry transformation is occurring due to the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the workplace, bringing a new era of productivity, creativity, and revolutionary change. AI technologies are evolving into essential tools that improve workflows, automate repetitive operations, and enhance human capabilities in various industries, in...

In the rapidly evolving landscape of education, the fusion of personalized learning and artificial intelligence (AI) is heralding a new era. The traditional one-size-fits-all approach to education is being replaced by a more nuanced and tailored experience, empowering students with personalized learning paths that cater to their unique strengths, w...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force, reshaping how we live, work, and interact. This article delves into the profound synergy between AI and Human Intelligence (HI). Integrating AI into various aspects of our lives has become inevitable as technology advances. Rather than replacing human capabilities, AI is enhancing...

Introduction Nuclear power has long been a crucial component in meeting the world's energy demands, providing a substantial and relatively clean source of electricity. As technology advances, the integration of digital systems and cybersecurity measures becomes paramount in ensuring the safety, efficiency, and reliability of nuclear power plants. O...

This research investigates the intricate relationship between homelessness and housing prices, unraveling the complexities prevalent in both the localized context of the San Francisco Bay Area and the broader scope of the entire state of Califor-nia. Employing a multi-faceted approach, the study combines traditional research methodologies with adva...

This article delves into the critical imperative of understanding the need for innovation across various sectors and industries. Innovation is not just a buzzword but a fundamental driver of economic growth, competitiveness, and societal progress. The abstract explores the multifaceted impact of innovation on economic development, addressing global...

This technical memorandum provides a concise overview of the comprehensive review presented in this article, focusing on the role of Generation IV (Gen IV) and Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) in reshaping Europe's energy landscape. Eu-rope is currently undergoing a significant energy transformation driven by environmental concerns, energy security, a...

This comprehensive exploration delves into the intricate dynamics of national security policies in the realm of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources. From the present landscape characterized by the diversification of energy portfolios to the long-term vision encompassing nuclear fusion, this article navigates through the nuanced interplay of t...

The financial landscape is undergoing a profound transformation, with Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerging as the catalyst for unprecedented change in banking institutions. This paper briefly examines the multifaceted impact of AI across critical domains, encompassing customer experiences, security protocols, risk management, operational efficienc...

The global energy landscape is experiencing a transformative shift driven by the imperatives of addressing climate change and meeting burgeoning energy needs. In this context, two promising technologies, Near-Term Fissionable Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) of Generation-IV and Fusion Confinement-Driven Sources of Energy, have emerged as frontrunners...

This article explores the dynamic intersection of nuclear power, innovative technologies, and the pursuit of a net-zero future. Grounded in the imperative to address climate change, the discussion traverses the concept of net zero, emphasizing the pivotal role of nuclear energy in achieving carbon neutrality. The narrative unfolds through an examin...

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) represents the frontier of artificial intelligence, aiming to replicate human-like cognitive abilities in machines. AGI systems possess the capacity to understand, learn, and adapt across diverse domains, making them highly versatile and capable of real-time interaction with humans. This article explores the co...

The realm of cosmetic surgery has witnessed a transformative evolution with the advent of Micro Plastic Surgery-a revolutionary approach that places paramount importance on precision and subtlety in aesthetic enhancements. This article explores the multifaceted landscape of Micro Plastic Surgery, delving into its techniques, applications, and the o...

Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) is a hypothetical stage of AI development where machines possess cognitive abilities far surpassing those of humans. ASI is characterized by superior intelligence, self-improvement capabilities, emotional intelligence, and autonomous decision-making. The advent of ASI would have profound implications across secto...

This article delves into the captivating synergy between Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI) and Quantum Computing, illuminating their transformative impact on the economy, society, the job market, and the looming emergence of Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI). Generative AI, a creative powerhouse, is revolutionizing content creati...

The co-occurrence of Down Syndrome (DS) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in toddlers is a complex and relatively rare condition. While the prevalence of both Down Syndrome and ASD varies by region and is more well-documented in high-income countries, it is essential to recognize that children with these conditions exist globally. Down Syndrome af...

In this article, we study the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the global economy. At first glance, the influence of AI on the global economy is apparent: revolutionizing productivity, redefining industries, and setting the stage for economic growth. Simultaneously, AI is permeating the realm of policymaking, providing unparalleled data-dr...

The global energy landscape is undergoing a profound transformation, marked by the interplay of factors that span the near and long term. This evolution is intrinsically linked to the era of globalization, a period of unprecedented connectivity and interdependence among nations and economies. In this complex energy ecosystem, energy growth and dema...

This article investigates the profound physiological impact of Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) within the context of the digital world on the lives of youth and adolescents. In an era where PDAs, predominantly smartphones and tablets, have become an integral part of daily existence, the effects on physical health are increasingly apparent. The e...

This article provides a comparative analysis of the economics of cost to design for two promising future nuclear energy technologies: Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and Fusion power. Small Modular Reactors offer advantages such as lower initial capital costs, shorter construction times, enhanced safety features, and fuel efficiency. In contrast, fus...

Fire outbreaks pose significant risks to life, property, and the environment. Swift and accurate fire detection is crucial to minimize the potential damage. In recent years, advancements in computer vision techniques, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Transfer Learning, have revolutionized the field of fire detection. This artic...

The future energy landscape of the United States is at a critical juncture, necessitating a comprehensive review of policy recommendations for renewable and nonrenewable energy sources.

As the world grapples with the dual challenge of meeting growing energy demands and addressing climate change, small modular nuclear reactors (SMRs) have emerged as a promising solution. SMRs offer the potential for safe, reliable, and scalable nuclear power generation. This article delves into the regulatory hurdles and economic considerations tha...

The future energy landscape of the United States is at a critical juncture, necessitating a comprehensive review of policy recommendations for renewable and nonrenewable energy sources. This article explores the evolving dynamics of the U.S. energy sector, emphasizing the need for sustainable and reliable energy sources. It delves into the current...

Galaxy Advanced Engineering, Albuquerque, USA Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition characterized by a spectrum of symptoms and behaviors, challenging to fully comprehend due to its variability. This article provides an overview of ASD, including its characteristics, prevalence, diagnosis, and causes. The pre...

Anorexia Nervosa, commonly known as anorexia, is a formidable and potentially life-threatening eating disorder with profound physical, psychological, and societal implications. This comprehensive article explores the various facets of anorex-ia, including its definition and diagnostic criteria, the societal pressures that contribute to its developm...

This article explores the distinctions between ChatGPT and chatbots, two prominent technologies in the field of conversational AI. ChatGPT, powered by OpenAI's GPT-3.5 architecture, represents a state-of-the-art natural language processing model that learns from vast text data, enabling it to generate contextually relevant responses. In contrast, c...

Facial hair removal has been a perennial concern for individuals seeking grooming and beauty enhancement. This article explores modern techniques for effective facial hair removal, encompassing Laser Hair Removal, Plasma Pen Therapy, Electrolysis, and Epilation. These methods, coupled with advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics,...

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) represents a significant leap in artificial intelligence, aiming to create machines capable of human-like cognition and adaptability. This abstract provides a concise overview of AGI and its real-time interaction with humans. AGI, unlike narrow AI, possesses the ability to excel across diverse domains, making i...

This article explores the groundbreaking intersection of laser technology and artificial intelligence (AI) in the realm of aesthetic surgery, heralding a transformative era in cosmetic medicine. Laser technology, with its precision and versatility , has long been a cornerstone of cosmetic procedures. However, AI's integration has ushered in a new l...

The field of medical aesthetics is on the cusp of a technological revolution, poised to leverage the potential of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), nanotechnology, and quantum computing. This article explores the transformative impact of AGI-driven personalized treatment plans, nanoscale interventions, and quantum-powered computational capabil...

The threat of nuclear terrorism looms large in our interconnected world, demanding meticulous assessment and mitigation strategies. This article explores the development and significance of a mathematical model to gauge the risk of nuclear terrorism. This model encompasses critical factors such as the probability of nuclear material acquisition,...

This article examines the contentious role of ChatGPT, an advanced language model of Generation (4) developed by OpenAI, in education and beyond. It delves into the debate surrounding whether ChatGPT is primarily a tool for cheating or an enhancement tool that empowers users. The article highlights concern about academic integrity and plagiarism...

Dementia, a group of cognitive disorders characterized by declining mental abilities, affects millions of individuals worldwide. This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the various types of dementia, commonly referred to as "De-mentia Disses." These include Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal deme...

Galaxy Advanced Engineering, Albuquerque, USA Shiva Dalili Independent Psychiatric Registered Nurse, Encino, USA This article explores the complex topic of rage and its important concomitant, anger management. Anger is a natural emotion that is experienced in many ways. Its triggers, body reactions, and mental components are all examined. Developin...

In a world where nuclear energy holds immense promise but also poses significant security risks, effective radiation detection technology with support from Artificial Intelligence (AI) system is paramount. This abstract provides an overview of the key role played by radiation detection in reducing nuclear threats with help from a new thriving and i...

Nuclear energy remains a promising solution for a sustainable energy future, yet the challenge of managing radioactive waste has hindered its full potential. This article explores how Generation-IV and Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are revolutionizing nuclear waste management and recycling. Generation-IV reactors, with their innovative designs, aim...

Depression is a pervasive mental health condition with diverse manifestations. While its common symptoms are well-known, depression-driven severe paranoia and hallucination symptoms remain lesser-understood facets of this complex disorder. This article explores the silent struggle that individuals face when battling depression-induced paranoia and...

Galaxy Advanced Engineering, Albuquerque, USA Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are mental health conditions that have traditionally been managed through behavioral therapies and medication. However, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought about a revolutionary shift in treat...

The majority of people with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) are children and teenagers. It is distinguished by a recurring pattern of negative, antagonistic, and defiant actions toward authority persons and social standards. The functioning of the social, familial, and intellectual spheres is hampered by this disruptive activity. Genetic predis...

Fire outbreaks present significant threats to human life, property, and ecosystems, necessitating prompt and precise detection to mitigate potential damage. In recent years, advancements in computer vision, particularly through Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Transfer Learning, have emerged as transformative technologies in fire detectio...

The advent of Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transform (ChatGPT) technology has ushered in a new era of human- machine interaction, transforming the way we communicate, learn, and create. This article explores the journey of ChatGPT from its current applications to its potential future impact on society. Presently, ChatGPT has found its place in custo...

When two or more systems exhibit correlations that are stronger than those that can be explained traditionally, notwithstanding their spatial separation, this phenomenon is known as quantum entanglement. It is regarded as a key component of upcoming quantum technologies and one of the distinctive qualities of quantum physics. The transverse spatial...

Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) has witnessed remarkable growth and transformation over the years, with breakthroughs driving the development of more advanced and sophisticated systems. One of the significant shifts in AI technology trends is the progression from traditional supervised learning approaches to semi-supervised methods and, f...

This article investigates the dynamic relationship between technology and AI (artificial intelligence) and the role that societal requirements play in pushing AI research and adoption. Technology has advanced dramatically throughout the years, providing the groundwork for the rise of AI. AI systems have achieved incredible feats in various discipli...

This article delves into the transformative partnership between Business Resilience Systems (BRS) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), as well as the consequent entanglement, which enables enterprises to navigate uncertainties and capitalize on opportunities in today’s changing business world. Traditional continuity plans have given way to comprehensi...

Molten Salt Reactors (MSRs) and thorium-based nuclear technologies have emerged as promising solutions to address the pressing global challenges of climate change, energy security, and nuclear waste management. MSRs, utilizing liquid fuel and passive safety features, offer enhanced safety and fuel utilization compared to conventional reactors. Coup...

Zero-point energy refers to the lowest possible energy state that a physical system can possess, even at absolute zero temperature. It is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics and is associated with the inherent uncertainty and fluctuations present in the quantum realm. According to the principles of quantum mechanics, particles such as atoms...

ZPE (zero-point energy) is a concept in physics that refers to the lowest possible energy state that a quantum mechanical physical system can have. It is the energy that remains even at absolute zero temperature, where all classical forms of energy are assumed to be absent. Within quantum physics, the idea of ZPE is well-established. According to q...

In recent years, AI (artificial intelligence) has made considerable strides, transforming a number of industries and facets of daily life. However, as AI develops more, worries about its potential dangers and unforeseen repercussions have surfaced. This article investigates the claim that AI technology has broken free from human control and is now...

The Alcubierre Warp Drive is a theoretical concept that proposes a method for achieving Faster-Than-Light (FTL) travel within the framework of general relativity. Developed by physicist Miguel Alcubierre in the 1990s, the Alcubierre drive involves creating a warp bubble or warp field around a spacecraft, manipulating space-time to contract in front...

Preface This internal memorandum covers the new advanced Generation IV (GEN-IV) that is also known as Generation IV International Forum (GIF) reactor in our case here, we are after a particular reactor known as Natrium and its technology as part of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). “Generation IV nuclear reactors are being developed through an intern...

By the time James Clerk Maxwell began his research in a related subject in the 1850s, Ampere's law, which connects a constant electric current to a rotating magnetic field, was well established. Ampere's law was recognized to only be applicable in static circumstances, which involved stable currents. The extension of the applicability of Ampere's...

Electrodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with the study of the interactions between electric charges and electric and magnetic fields. It is based on the fundamental principles of electricity and magnetism, as described by James Clerk Maxwell's equations. These fundamental concepts and principles form the basis of electrodynamics and prov...

Deriving the Lagrangian density of an electromagnetic field involves constructing a Lagrangian function that describes the dynamics of the electromagnetic field in terms of its field variables. The Lagrangian density provides a mathematical framework to describe the behavior of the field and its interactions with other fields or particles. To deri...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its augmented systems, such as Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL), have the potential to bring about both benefits and challenges to humanity. On the challenging side, for example, recently, experts, including the heads of two companies, "Open AI" and "Google DeepMind," have warned that artificial intellig...

A Scalar Wave is a wave that is not presented by any coordination system and is not related to directions and rotations. As a result, instead of propagating through the space dimension (Euclidian Space), it propagates through the “Time” dimension (i.e., Minkowski Space) or curved space, driven by Quantum Electrodynamics (QED). • Scalar Waves form...

Studying the behavior of scalar wave energy driven by Longitudinal Scalar Wave (LSW), requires an understanding of the foundations of electromagnetics and electrodynamics theory. To help readers better comprehend LSW behavior, particularly in the context of understanding of Maxwell’s – Ampere’s Equations, we introduce vector calculus or vector alg...

We need to comprehend some of the fundamental concepts of electromagnetic theory in order to investigate the topic of scalar waves and their physics as well as their behavior as a source of powering various applications of energy. The Ampere's law is a component of the Maxwell equations, which are introduced in this chapter. Our main worry is the...

In both serious and less serious electrical engineering literature, there is a great deal of misunderstanding about what "Scalar Waves" are. This volume explains that these waves are hypothetical longitudinal waves. It is demonstrated that a longitudinal wave is made up of both a scalar potential and a vector potential. Acoustic waves have a comp...

The world is going towards a net-zero emissions future, and this transition is expected to have a significant impact on the global economy. The shift towards low-carbon sources and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions will bring about changes in the way we produce, distribute, and consume energy, as well as in the way we conduct business and t...

Self-Powered Neutron Detectors (SPNDs) are specialized devices used for detecting and measuring neutron radiation. Unlike traditional detectors that require external power sources, SPNDs are unique in that they generate their own electrical power from the radiation they detect. Self-Powered Neutron Detectors (SPNDs) find important applications in t...