Babu Sena Paul

University of Johannesburg | uj · Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

We are living in an age when data centers are expanding, require abundant spaces, and are an integral part in the urban communities, using massive amounts of environmental resources, and remains in the foreseeable future as the primary driver of the global energy consumption. This demand is disruptive and at times of both peril and opportunity due...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most serious neurological disorders for elderly people. AD affected patient experiences severe memory loss. One of the main reasons for memory loss in AD patients is atrophy in the hippocampus, amygdala, etc. Due to the enormous growth of AD patients and the paucity of proper diagnostic tools, detection and cl...

A set of trusted information in the form of material passports is necessary in order to understand the circular value of systems and materials in the built environment. Innovations such as digital technologies and material passports are useful circular economy transitional tools in managing the materials flows and decarbonizing the built environmen...

As we stand at the cusp of the fourth industrial revolution, digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, the Internet of Things, Big Data, Blockchain, Robotics, 3D technologies, and many more have become the means and solutions to many of the world’s problems. Most recently, these technologies have assisted in the global...

Current vehicular communication systems experience from nonflexible and costly devices, complicated control‐plane protocols, and vendor‐specific configuration interfaces. In the next generation vehicular communication, a mobile device (MD) will be installed on a car capable of accessing multiple services from different networks. So heterogeneous ne...

An antenna-in-package solution has recently been the ultimate technology offering innovation and perhaps the most highly integrated radio miniaturization surface-mounted chipset device for short-range, high-speed, high-gain, and large-scale big data hyper-performance server platforms. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) arises as a result of discont...

In this chapter, an integrated architecture of Vehicular standards and Mobile standards for Efficient Intelligent Transportation system is proposed. By combining these two technologies, many research challenges have been adopted to establish a communication between different standards. In this chapter, we considered the hybrid scenario of Uplink an...

A miniaturized microwave sensor for internet of things (IoTs) is presented. The proposed sensor though a periodic structure exhibits two intrinsic resonances, namely the spatial wavelength due to its periodic geometric structure and the radiation wavelength due to applied voltage source to the microwave sensor. The wavelength difference between the...

In today’s world of emerging success in trending technologies, one of the most open and vast area of wireless communication research is the Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET). Incorporating the trending technologies with the growing internet services, and deploying these into Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is one of the open challenges. Ther...

Spatial array of microwave sensors for IoT-based wireless connectivity is presented. The traditional challenges of poor input impedance matching associated with small antenna are analytically characterized using the many available formulae based on a novel 2 × 2 excitation network. Alternative microwave sensor solution designed at originally known...

With the rapid advancements of technologies and parallel development of intelligent machines in the field of wireless communication, customer needs also arises and ubiquitous network services are expected. In order to support customer’s demand there is huge need of hybrid heterogeneous network. In this paper, we propose the collaboration of cellula...

Impulse noise is the most common types of noise; it degrades the quality of images and must be removed before performing any high level image processing. In this work, we have proposed a hybrid impulse noise filter, it is implemented in two phases, in the first phase, fuzzy rules are used to detect the pixels affected by impulse noise and in the se...

Big data technology sustainability is contingent on the availability of interconnections of large scale, ultra-high speed, densely integrated big data heterogeneous server platforms. For highly densified servers to be attainable, semiconductors technologies upon which these servers are predicated must further be miniaturized. It is recently not unc...

Internet becomes a vital and important service being integrated in the current scenarios of competing technologies, therefore there is a need for higher speed broadband access. Emergence and evolutions of technologies from the first generation to 4G LTE then to the promising 5G and WiMAX. For achieving high data rates and services to multiple users...

Television White Space is gaining attention as a possible means to help address essential factors associated with ubiquitous availability and adoption of broadband internet. This paper presents a novel enhanced-Gain low Cost Television White Space (TVWS) Z antenna for broadband internet access. The antenna performance is demonstrated in the UHF ban...

In order to enhance and meet the demands of vehicular communication several authors have proposed the possibility of convergence between two different technologies. In context to this, authors of this paper proposed a novel combined hybrid infrastructure for efficient vehicular communication. The novelty of this approach is the vehicular standard,...

Faults in the DC collector circuits of a photovoltaic plant are a cause for major concern due to the damage they may cause to equipment. Fault protection is required for ground faults, line-to-line faults and arc faults. Typically, the magnitude of short-circuit currents of PV modules are similar to that of load currents which makes fault detection...

Photovoltaic energy generation has become a popular renewable alternative to conventional energy generation that utilise fossil fuels. However, given the diversity and complexity of these PV plants, it is imperative that such plant equipment be protected against the greatest contributor of equipment failure; surges. Through simulation, conducted us...

When proximity coupling via coaxial feed probe is employed to excite planar array antenna, efficiency of such excitation could be compromised and the consequences could be severe for large arrays. The centre-excitation by a single coaxial probe to a planar array could be an over-kill of the excitation mechanism for large array. We therefore investi...

A new diplexer for WLAN applications using a combination of multi-finger periodic structure and a novel Wilkinson power divider is proposed. The proposed design consists of a transmitting and receiving bandpass filters using the interdigital capacitor based on the theory of quasi-lumped element equivalency. The filters relied on the capacitance occ...

A six-element microstrip patch antenna based on the theory of small reflection is investigated. The radiators are excited by a novel transmission line. The maxim and minim energy on the proposed transmission line are determined based on voltage allocation on a short-circuited microstrip line. Each radiator, made of a square microstrip patch, is des...

Digit-like periodic structures have demonstrated overtly multiple resonances that almost disqualify them as good candidates for microwave circuits, since it is rather difficult to identify their resonance at the dominant mode practically. In this work, an alternative solution to mitigate these spurious resonances is investigated. The dielectric loa...

An unrelenting need for mobile broadband data has become the norm for end users. Mobile operators are now faced with a challenge to deliver higher data rates thus has prompted developments for new innovations in mobile technology to satisfy this data hungry generation. Poor indoor building penetration have been a major stumbling block in achieving...

The smart home is an integral part of future energy management and control. The reduction of domestic energy consumption and improved energy efficiency of households will require intelligent systems that constantly monitor the household electricity usage and provides real-time updates to the user. This will lead to a bill reduction for households a...

The use of Television White Spaces (TVWS) for broadband communication has raised interest of late. In respect of rural areas, wireless is the only viable alternative for providing affordable telecommunications services. One limiting factor to the growth of wireless broadband penetration is the lack of available spectrum. White Spaces refer to regio...

The combination of using Wi-Fi and ZigBee technologies in an application to monitor cattle has the potential to increase the range of the network when the animal herd is roaming out of range of the sink. This paper investigates combining a Wi-Fi and ZigBee transceiver on the same sensor node to reliably obtain data of mobile cattle in a field. The...

The indoor deployment of femtocell networks for the purpose of voice calls, data usage, mobile media, internet access and security service has varying economic implications for the Telecom providers. Furthermore, femtocell works in the same frequency band as macro cells. Thus, Telecom providers will prefer to use the femtocell rather than building...

The indoor Telecom coverage suffers poor reception, call distortion and low voice quality, by signal distortions and interference. In order to improve the quality and performance of voice service at the indoor environment, a number of base stations are required. Therefore, femtocells were introduced in the indoor environment for signal booster and...

Mine disasters claim thousands of human lives and cause millions of property loss every year. The safety of the mine worker is of paramount importance in any underground environment. Advances in the development of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for monitoring infrastructure health, and environmental conditions provide end users with the benefit of...

Stock theft is a major problem in the agricultural sector in South Africa and threatens both commercial and the emerging farming sectors in most of the country. Although there have been several techniques to identify cattle and combat stock theft, the scourge has not been eradicated in the farming sector. This paper investigates how we can model co...

The popularity of wireless networks has attracted the attention of researchers to improve the network system and this motivated the operators to find a new technology called femtocells with the aim of meeting the increased coverage and data demand in the indoor environment. The application of femtocells in both indoors and office environment has pr...

In recent years relay based communication has gained attention of researchers and the scientific community. In this paper the source-to-destination statistics of a two hop amplify-forward relay branch, with the channel fading statistics of each hop being Nakagami-m distributed has been evaluated. The expression for the statistics of the signal enve...

This paper presents the application of Near Field Communication (NFC) to the healthcare sector. Although a number of papers have been written to discuss different NFC applications in the healthcare sector, none of them address the potential challenges facing illiterate patients worldwide. According to UNESCO institute for statistics, the Sub-Sahara...

Smart Grids are emerging as a sustainable technology that can greatly improve the quality, cost and efficiency of electrical power distribution. Wireless communication technology, in particular wireless sensor networks, are being considered as a viable solution to Smart Grid communication requirements. Homes have multiple electrical appliances that...

Near Field Communication (NFC) is a short range wireless technology that enables data transfer between two NFC devices. It is derived from Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. However, NFC only operates at 13.56MHz frequency while RFID operates at both 125KHz and 13.56MHz frequencies. The success of NFC in replacing contact cards in pa...

Applications of low cost wireless sensor nodes in precision agriculture are being gradually adopted by commercial agricultural cooperatives as part of the continuing industrialisation of commercial agriculture. Current applications require extensive testing and experimentation to ensure reliable message transmission, because the transmitted wireles...

Wireless communication in an agricultural environment is weakened by surrounding vegetation. The scattering effect on the wireless signal by the foliage surrounding plants means that sensor nodes within the application area have to be placed so that the received signal strength ensures reliable communication. We propose modeling the scattering effe...

Deploying a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) poses certain challenges such as data reliability due to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), multipath fading as well as faster energy depletion of nodes located near the base station creating communication holes in the network. Several energy efficient algorithms have been developed to improve the energy c...

Mine disasters claim thousands of human lives and cause millions of property loss every year. The safety of the mine worker is of paramount importance in any underground environment. Advances in the development of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for monitoring infrastructure health, and environmental conditions provide end users with the benefit of...

Applications of low cost wireless sensor networks (WSN) in precision agriculture is gaining popularity because of the ability of sensors to provide site-specific data over a variable field. Wireless communication between nodes is impeded by the surrounding vegetation of the plants being monitored. To guarantee reliable communication between sensor...

In this paper, a generalized channel model for mobile-to-mobile communication based on the single bounce geometry-based channel modeling techniques has been proposed and analyzed. The model assumes the scatterers to be present in annular strips around the transmitting and the receiving mobile stations. Time of arrival and angle of arrival statistic...

Mobile-to-mobile communication becomes necessary in many emerging wireless communication systems. -Characteristics of mobile-to-mobile communication channel have been studied through a geometrical single bounce scattering model and analytical expressions for angle of arrival and time of arrival probability density functions have been derived for su...

To exploit the capacity and performance gains associated with the use of antenna arrays, wireless communication systems require proper understanding of the spatial characteristics of the channel. Scattering models provide both Angle of Arrival (AoA) and Time of Arrival (ToA) statistics of the channel. In this paper, we investigate geometrically bas...

Channel modeling plays an important role in understanding the behavior and designing of communication systems for different environments. In this paper, we make a brief review of the different channel modeling techniques used to model a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wireless channel.

Reliability of radio link is limited, owing to path loss, shadowing and multi-path fading. This necessitates the use of a certain type of diversity. In recent years, cooperative diversity has gained considerable attention. Here, wireless nodes cooperate in such a way that they share their antennas and other resources, to create a virtual array thro...

Relay based communication has gained considerable importance in the recent years. In this paper we find out the end- to-end statistics of a two hop non-regenerative relay branch, with each hop being Nakagami-m distributed. A closed form expression for the statistics of the signal envelope at the output of a selection combiner in the destination nod...

Relny based communication has gained considerable importance in the recent years. In this paper we find the end-to- end statistics of a two hop non-regenerative relay branch, with each hop being Nakagami-m distributed. Analytical expression for the density function of the signal envelope at the output of a maximal ratio combiner in the destination...

MIMO systems have gained immense attention in the recent times for supporting high data rates and reliability. Different MIMO channel models have been proposed in the literature. Geometrically based single bounce one ring channel model is a widely used technique for modeling the channel. Evaluation of the performance of the channel has been widely...

Relay based communication has gained considerable importance in the recent years. In this paper we find the end-to- end statistics of a two hop non-regenerative relay branch, each hop being Nakagami-m faded. Closed form expressions for the probability density functions of the signal envelope at the output of a selection combiner and a maximal ratio...