Babu R. Dawadi

Tribhuvan University · Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering

The recent breakthrough in Information and Communication Technologies(ICT) make the internet and e-mail as a basic service for the people of every country. The rapid growth in internet users and ICT market by the development of smart devices increase the challenges in hardware and networking management as well as effciency on software and services....

With the advancement of computing technologies, the modern cloud computing and virtualization system is highly distributed by the invention of better and light weight distributed applications packaging toolkit over the cloud environment, called the container technology. Cloud containers feature the management of applications with easy plug and play...

The internet has been using its protocol, IPv4, for more than a quarter of a century. The internet saw its deployment found the tipping point in early 1990s with the popularity of World Wide Web. This fast pace development, however, creates problems for IPv4 like address space exhaustion, NAT proliferation, security etc. A new version of the Intern...

With the increase of Internet of Things (IoT) smart devices and the trend of world moving to converged network environment into the mode of packet based communication network, internet protocol address becomes the major logical infrastructure for all kinds of voice and data communications, led to the exhaustion of 32 bits IPv4 address space. Severa...

IOE News Bulletin 2079 Poush Issue

The rapid rise of the digital economy is aided by the new generation of information networks. Optical Fiber networks are foundation stone of cost-effective sustainable mode of communication of our society by leveraging high bandwidth, low latency, reliability, security, stability, enabling long-term economic growth through cutting-edge services and...

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is the novel networking paradigm where decoupling of the control plane from the data plane has its inherent advantages. Controller Placement Problem (CPP) involves placing the optimal number of controllers at the appropriate locations while meeting prerequisites such as latency, load balancing, energy and computati...

IOE News Bulletin Ashwin-Kartik Issue Vol 27 Issue 6, 2022

IOE News Bulletin 2079 Bhadra (Aug/Sept. 2022) Issue.

IOE News Bulletin Vol. 27 Issue 4 - Shrawan, 2079 (Jul/Aug. 2022)

One of the important and challenging tasks in cloud computing is to obtain the usefulness of cloud by implementing several specifications for our needs, to meet the present growing demands, and to minimize energy consumption as much as possible and ensure proper utilization of computing resources. An excellent mapping scheme has been derived which...

Training/Workshop program towards preparation of necessary framework for advancing Industry 4.0 - Nepal Government

त्रि. वि. मा साप्ताहीक २ दिन बिदाका सम्भाव्य अवसर र चुनौती । नेपाल सरकारले २०७९ जेष्ठ १ गते देखि परीक्षणका रुपमा देशै भरिका सवै निकायहरुमा हप्ताको २ दिन बिदा दिने व्यवस्था लागु गरेको छ। हप्ताको ६ दिन र सुक्रबार आधादिन कार्यालय सञ्चालन भैरहेको हालको प्रचलनलाई परिवर्तन गरि सनिबार र आइतबार दुई दिन नियमित विदा दिने निर्णय प्राय सबै निकायहरुमा लागु गर्...

Internet and telecom service providers worldwide are facing financial sustainability issues in migrating their existing legacy IPv4 networking system due to backward compatibility issues with the latest generation networking paradigms viz. Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) and the software-defined networking (SDN). This paper presents the features...

त्रि. वि. तालावन्दीको असर र स्थाई समाधानका उपायहरु त्रि. वि. र यस अन्तर्गतका निकायहरुमा प्राय भैरहने तालाबन्धले समग्र शैक्षिक गितिविधिमा प्रत्यक्ष असर परेकोछ।शिक्षक, कर्मचारी तथा बिद्यार्थीहरुका विभिन्न संघ-संघठनहरुले मागहरु प्रस्तुत गर्दै सो पुरा नहुँदासम्म यस्ता तालाबन्दि गर्ने गरेको पाईन्छ। अन्तराष्ट्रिय प्रचलनलाई हेर्नेहो भने विश्वविद्यालयमा त...

CoViD-19 विश्वमहामारीका कारण २०७६ चैत्र देखि देशै भरी लामो समयसम्म लकडाउन भएको हँदा इ. अ. सं. को सवै सेमेस्टर कक्षाहरु लगभग एक सेमेस्टर पछि सर्न पुग्यो। इ अ सं. ले २०७७ भाद्र देखि अनलाईन मार्फत कक्षाहरु सुचारु गरी हालसम्म BE/M.Sc. का अधिकांस सेमेस्टर परीक्षाहरु भौतिक रुपमै सफलतापूर्वक सम्पन्न गरिसकेकोछ भने MSc का सवै कार्यक्रमका कक्षाहरु भौतिक रुपम...

त्रि. वि. इ. अ. सं. मा प्रसासन चुस्त बनाउने आधारहरु त्रि. वि. इ. अ. सं. मा आर्थिक स्रोतको साथ साथै अन्य थुप्रै स्रोतसाधनहरुको अभाव देखिन्छ। शिक्षकहरुको पढ्ने-पढाउने तथा अनुसन्धान गर्न आवश्यक स्रोतसाधन जस्तै Office Space, Computer, Internet सुविधा लगायत बिद्यार्थीहरुको आधुनिक स्तरको कक्षाकोठा, लाइब्रेरी, Research Paper हरुमा सहज पहुँच आदिको अभावका...

Global warming and climate change impacts are not avoidable for the countries like Nepal having diverse climate condition. Nepal is a country having diversified geographical distribution from Terai Zone, to Hilli Zone to High Himalayas (Mountains), where we can find various distribution of climate condition from the best to the worst scenarios thro...

This paper presents the features and benefits of legacy IPv4 network migration towards major two latest networking paradigms viz. Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) and the software-defined networking (SDN). These latest networking paradigms are the enabler of future generation networking so that the standards and requirements of fifth generation (...

Besides several challenges in technology migration, internet and telecom service providers world-wide have to come up with cost effective plan to migrate their existing legacy networks into next generation operable networks e.g. 5G network, Software-Defined Network, IPv6 network and many more. Smart future life can be imagined only with the develop...

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is already a well-established networking paradigm. It has a successful story of implementation in the data center network, while its implementation in telecommunications (Telco) and Internet service provider (ISP) networks Worldwide is an ongoing research and implementation. The bigger paradigm shifts in network op...

Introduction Computer/IT Science/Engineering/Applications Your Job Fields Network and Server Troubleshooting Specification Preparation Technical Specification Documents Guideline and BoQ Preparation Summary

This is the orientation slides to avoid the confusion of Nepalese +2 students about which engineering subject in the ICT fields (Computer Engg., Electronics engg., Electronics & Communication Engg., Electronics, Communication & Information Engg., IT Engg, Software Engg. etc..) will be their best choice of study.

प्राज्ञिक उथ्थानका लागि उच्च प्राविधिक शिक्षामा नेपाल सरकारको भूमिका नेपालको उच्च प्राविधिक शिक्षालाई पछिल्लो समयमा मुख्यरुपमा तीन खण्डमा विभाजन गरी विश्लेशण गर्न सकिन्छ। पहिलो खण्ड–(२०१७ – २०४६), दोस्रो खण्ड – (२०४६ – २०६३) र तेस्रो खण्ड – (२०६३ पछी हाल सम्म)। २०७२ को संविधानवाट नेपाल एक संघिय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्रात्मक शासन प्रणाली शुरु गर्ने दे...

Internet and telecom service providers worldwide are facing financial sustainability issues in migrating their existing legacy IPv4 networking system due to backward compatibility issues with the latest generation networking paradigms viz. Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) and software-defined networking (SDN). Bench marking of existing networking...

प्राविधिक अनुसन्धानमा नेपालका विश्वविद्यालयहरु र सरकारको दायित्व। विश्वविध्यालयका अनुसन्धान केन्द्र, ल्याबोरेटरी तथा विध्यावारिधी कार्यक्रमहरु मार्फत गरिने नविनतम अनुसन्धानमा लाग्ने आर्थिक रकम भार निकै ठूलो हुने गर्दछ। जस्तै सोध प्रस्तुतिकरण, पेटेन्ट रजिष्ट्रेशन, सोध प्रकाशनका साथै प्रयोगशालामा आवश्यक अन्य उपकरणहरु खरिदमा ठूलो आर्थिक रकमको आवश्यक...

This paper presents the features and benefits of legacy IPv4 network migration towards major two latest networking paradigms viz. Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) and the software-defined networking (SDN). These latest networking paradigms are the enabler of future generation networking so that the standards and requirements of fifth generation (...

इ. अ. सं. को सैक्षिक उन्नयनमा प्राध्यापकहरुको भूमिका र दरवन्दी सम्वन्धमा। पाँचवटा आँङ्गिक क्याम्पस र दशवटा समवन्धनप्राप्त कलेजहरु भएको त्रि. वि. इ. अ. सं. को शैक्षक संरचना नेपालकै सवै भन्दा ठूलो प्राविधिक संरचना हो। इ. अ. सं. को विभिन्न आंगिक क्याम्पसहरुमा १२ वटा कार्य्रमहरु स्नातक तहमा र ३२ वटा कार्यक्रमहरु स्नातकोत्तर तहमा सञ्चालन हुन्छन साथै पु...

कोभिड-१९ का कारण इ. अ. सं. ले Online मार्फत परीक्षा सञ्चालन गर्ने तयारी। Corono Virus Disease (CoViD-19) दोस्रो महामारीको Precaution का लागि नेपाल सरकारले २०७८ बैसाख १६ गतेवाट शुरु गरेको बन्दा-बन्दीलाई केही खुकुलो गरिएता पनि विश्वविद्यालयहरु अझै खुल्न सकेका छैनन। जस अनुसार अध्ययन-अध्यापन कार्य सामान्य अवस्था मै Online मार्फत नै कक्षाहरु सञ्चालन भई...

RQ1: What are the challenges, risks, and strategies for the migration of legacy IPv4 networks into SoDIP6 networks? RQ2: What is/are the intelligent approach(s) for joint network migration planning and cost optimization? RQ3: What are the roles of SoDIP6 networks for future sustainability of service providers and the society? OB1: Analyze the joint...

SDN and IPv6 networks are the latest networking paradigms emerged to avoid all the control, management, and operation complexities with issues of routing and security in legacy IPv4 networking system. But the lack of backward compatibility with IPv6 and SDN creates many challenges for service providers to migrate their legacy networking infrastruct...

Corono Virus Disease (CoViD-19) दोस्रो महामारीको Precaution का लागि नेपाल सरकारले २०७८ बैसाख १६ गतेवाट शुरु गरेको बन्दा-बन्दीका कारण इ. अ. सं. को प्रसाशनीक कार्यहरु सामान्य अवस्थामा चल्न सकेन। अध्ययन-अध्यापन कार्यमा भने सामान्य अवस्थामै Online मार्फत कक्षाहरु सञ्चालन भैराखेको हुनाले खासै असर परेको देखिंदैन।तथापी २०७८ आषाढ महिनामा सञ्चालन गरिने भनिए...

Legacy IPv4 networks are strenuous to manage and operate. Network operators are in need of minimizing the capital and operational expenditure of running network infrastructure. The implementation of software-defined networking (SDN) addresses those issues by minimizing the expenditures in the long run. Legacy networks need to integrate with the SDN...

Legacy IPv4 networks are strenuous to manage and operate. Network operators are in need to minimize the capital and operational expenditure of running network infrastructure. The implementation of Software-defined networking (SDN) addresses these issues by minimizing the expenditure in the long run. Legacy networks need to integrate with the SDN ne...

Legacy IPv4 networks are strenuous to manage and operate. Network operators are in need to minimize the capital and operational expenditure of running network infrastructure. The implementation of Software-defined networking (SDN) addresses those issues by minimizing the expenditures in the long run. Legacy networks need to integrate with the SDN n...

Legacy IPv4 networks are strenuous to manage and operate. Network operators are in need to minimize the capital and operational expenditure of running network infrastructure. The implementation of Software-defined networking (SDN) addresses those issues by minimizing the expenditure in the long run. Legacy networks need to integrate with the SDN ne...

Legacy IPv4 networks are strenuous to manage and operate. Network operators are in need to minimize the capital and operational expenditure of running network infrastructure. The implementation of Software-defined networking (SDN) addresses these issues by minimizing the expenditure in the long run. Legacy networks need to integrate with the SDN ne...

Information and communication technology (ICT) is the only tool considered as the basic one to measure the development indicators of every aspesct of people’s lives. Networking and communications, information disseminations, work automation and making the machine intelligent so that it can performs the task even better that moden world’s huma being...

The increasing demand of high speed data results into extensive enhancement on different telecommunication technologies through wireline and wireless technologies. Optical Fiber technology is being popular for fixed broadband technologies and for backhaul network data for network convergence and media device interaction. Fiber to the home (FTTH) is...

This research project is initiated with the aim to pursue study of intra- and inter-band frequency interferences due to allocation of frequencies for technologies like 5G. Specifically, this research will concentrate in identifying possible interference issues with already existing communication networks (in particular SRDs networks) while implemen...

नेपाल सरकारले निजामती सेवामा कर्मचारी नियुक्त गरेपछी ति नयाँ कर्माचरीहारुलाई साधरणतया २/३ महिनाको प्रशासनिक तालिम गराएर मात्र काममा खाटाउने देखिएकोछ। नयाँ नियुक्त भएका मानव स्रोतसाधनहरु साधरणतया शैक्षिक र सैद्धान्तिक विषयमा मात्र जानकार हुने हुनाले कार्यालय सञ्चालनको ज्ञान प्राप्त गरेपछि मात्र उनिहरुको कार्यक्षमतामा निखार आउने हुँदा त्रि. वि. ले पन...

Software-defined networking (SDN) is a novel networking paradigm that, through an abstraction of network plans, bifurcate the control plane and data plane, and thus providing a flexible, programmable, and dynamic architecture over traditional network. The separation of the control plane and data plane has brought significant network dynamism but st...

Legacy IPv4 networks are strenuous to manage and operate. Network operators are in need to minimize the capital expenditure(CapEX) and operational expenditure(OpEX) of running network infrastructure. The implementation of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) addresses these issues by minimizing the expenditure in the long run. Legacy networks need to...

The increasing demand of high speed data results into extensive enhancement on different telecommunication technologies through wire line and wireless technologies. Optical fiber technology is being popular for fixed broadband technologies and for backhaul network data for network convergence and media device interaction. As a result, fiber to the...

विश्व भरिनै CoViD-19 बिरुद्दको Vaccine लगाउने कार्य शुरु भए संगै यो महामारी अन्त्य हुने आसा गरिएकोछ। तर पनि यसको असर पूर्ण रुपमा समाप्त हुन अझै केही महिना वा बर्ष लाग्ने देखिन्छ। नेपालमा पनि Vaccine लगाउने कार्य चरणबद्द रुपमा शुरु मात्र भएको हुनाले महामारी यथावतनै रहेको अवस्था छ। यस महामारीका कारण इ. अ. सं. को सेमेस्टर कक्षा र परीक्षा प्रणालीमा देख...

इ. अ. सं. को B.E./B.Arch. प्रवेश परीक्षा तालिका सहित सञ्चालन प्रकृया शुरु। सामान्यतया प्रत्येक बर्षको श्रावण महिनामा सञ्चालन भइ मंसिर महिनादेखि कक्षा सञ्चालन हुने गरेको इ अ स को नयाँ भर्ना गत वर्ष जस्तै यो वर्ष पनि CoViD-19 का कारण पछाडी सरेको हुँदा २०७८ फाल्गुन ८ गते देखि सञ्चालन हुने तालिका सहित २०७८ माघ महिनाको २७ गते सम्म इ. अ. सं. प्रवेश परीक...

CoViD-19 को तेस्रो लहर र शैक्षिक क्षेत्रमा देखापरेका प्राभाव तथा चुनौती। CoViD-19 को पहिलो र दोस्रो लहरले सम्पुर्ण शैक्षिक संस्थाहरुको शैक्षिक अवस्था निकै चुनौतीपूर्ण बनेकोछ र उक्त चुनौतीहरुसंग इ. अ. सं. ले पनि सामाना गरिरहेको अवस्थामा Omicron र Delta Variant सहितको तेस्रो लहरले शैक्षिक संस्थाहरु संगै समग्र रुपमा देशका सवै क्षेत्रमा थप असर पार्ने...

A quantum computer is any device for computation that makes direct use of distinctively quantum mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform operations on data. In a traditional computing environment, information is stored as bits; instead in a quantum computer, it is stored as qubits (quantum bits). A typical laptop cou...

Financially sustainable solution is the need to migrate legacy IPv4 network infrastructure into latest networking paradigms viz. Software-defined networking (SDN) and the Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) addressing. For Internet service provider (ISP) networks, IP routers are either to be upgraded or replaced with new device to transform the netw...

सन २०२० मा गाईड टु रिसर्च (https://www.guide2research.com/scientists/) ले संसारका विभिन्न विश्वविद्यालयका टप १००० कम्प्युटर बैज्ञानिकहरुको विवरण प्रकाशन गरेको छ। Google Scholar मा ४० वा सो भन्दा माथि H-Index भएको र कम्प्युटर विज्ञान बिब्लियोग्राफी (DBLP: https://dblp.uni-trier.de/) मा indexed article को आधारमा उक्त बैज्ञानिकहरु लिस्टमा परेका हुन। उ...

इ. अ. सं. ले आफ्नो स्थापनाकाल देखीनै शिक्षाको गुणस्तर कायम राख्दै थप सुधारका थुप्रै कार्यहरु गर्दै आएको छ। अध्ययन-अध्यापन संगै परीक्षा सञ्चालनमा पनि प्रविधिको उच्चतम प्रयोग गर्नुपर्ने मुख्य आधार तयार पार्दै BE/BArch तथा M.Sc. को प्रवेश परीक्षालाई पूर्णतया पारदर्शी र कम्प्युटरमा आधारित परीक्षामा परिवर्तन गरेको छ भने सेमेस्टर प्रणालीमा आधारित परीक्षा...

This paper studies a problem for seamless migration of legacy networks of Internet service providers to a software-defined networking (SDN)-based architecture along with the transition to the full adoption of the Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) connectivity. Migration of currently running legacy IPv4 networks into such new approaches requires ei...

Corono Virus Disease (CoViD-19) महामारीको Precaution का लागि नेपाल सरकारले २०७६ चैत्र ११ बाट शुरु गरेको बन्दा-बन्दीका कारण २०७६ चैत्रमा सञ्चालन हुने स्नातक सवै वर्ष प्रथम खण्ड र स्नातकोत्तर/Ph.D. सवै वर्ष दोस्रो खण्डका नियमित परीक्षाहरु रोकिन पुगे। साथै २०७७ बैशाखमा लिइने भनिएको पूनःपरीक्षाहरु पनि रोकिन पुगे। महामारी मथ्थर हुने आशा गर्दै विद्यार्थ...

The logical separation of the data plane and the control plane of the network device conceptually defined by software-defined networking (SDN) creates many opportunities to create smart networking with better efficiency for network management and operation. SDN implementation over telecommunications (Telcos) and Internet service provider (ISP) netw...

Network equipment management has a significant challenge in terms of operating costs and human resource management for Internet service providers (ISPs). Effective maintenance leads to a significant reduction in operating costs. It is necessary to identify the status of the networking device for effective maintenance. In this paper, we implement ad...

Management of network equipment has a considerable challenge in terms of operating costs and managing human resources for internet and telecom service providers. Effective maintenance leads to a significant reduction in operating costs. It is necessary to identify the status of the networking device for effective maintenance. An adaptive neuro-fuzz...

With the increasing number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, current networking world is suffering in terms of management and operations with lack of IPv4 addresses leading to issues like network address translation (NAT) proliferation , security and quality of services. Software-defined networking (SDN) and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) ar...

The cover figure has won the award and selected as the front cover page of Vol 33 Issue 11 of IJCS journal based on the Research Article Evolutionary Gaming Approach for Decision Making of Tier‐3 ISP Networks Migration to SoDIP6 Networks by Babu R. Dawadi et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4399

With recent advances in technology, a lot of network equipment is always brought and replaced as per needs. So the management of the networking equipment is a significant challenge in terms of operational cost and manpower. Many software is available to monitor the network health, but for the replacement of equipment, there is no mechanism develope...

The project is initiated in accordance with the Contract Agreement between “The Water Resource Research and Development Centre (WRRDC)”, herein after referred to as the “WRRDC”, and “Laboratory for Information and Communication Technology, Information and Communication Technology Center, Institute of Engineering (IOE), Tribhuvan University (TU), he...

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) addressing, Software Defined Network (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) are regarded as next generation networking technologies that help to avoid all the existing issues related to address depletion, security, quality of service, scalability and management complexity in the legacy IPv4 networking sys...

The software defined networking (SDN) paradigm with enhanced features of IPv6 offers flexible network management and better network visibility for enhancing overall network performance, network manageability, and security. Thus, along with the IPv6 network deployment worldwide, SDN migration has emerged worldwide, but network service providers suff...

The use of information and communication technology (ICT) has resulted in significant impacts on social welfare, economic growth, transparency, and good governance in developing countries like Nepal. Due to the diverse geographic and economic situations , ICT network and service expansions throughout Nepal have been becoming quite challenging. Priv...

Recent advancement in the field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has encouraged all stakeholders to move towards the new networking paradigm. Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) addressing, Software Defined Network (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) are regarded as technologies for enhancing network efficiency and effec...

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) addressing, Software Defined Network (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) are regarded as next generation networking technologies that help to avoid all the existing issues related to address depletion, security, quality of service, scalability and management complexity in the legacy IPv4 networking sys...

With the greater features of IPv6 addressing paradigm, Software Defined Net-work (SDN) has also been emerged with its stunning opportunities in network management to consider both these technologies as the future of next generation networking. In course of IPv6 network migration world-wide, SDN migration has also been emerged as the most challengin...

The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has major impacts on social welfare, economic growth, transparency and good governance in the society. Due to the difficult geographic and demographic situation, ICT enhancement in rural Nepal is however quite challenging since private operators mostly confined their businesses to urban area...

Service providers worldwide are facing challenges of network operations, management, security, quality of service and address deficiency problem while the current world network still run with the existing legacy system. The issues of address shortage including the problems of legacy IPv4 address have been resolved with the advancement on IPv6 addre...

p class="Default"> There exists different parameters that act as influencing factors to measure the quality of technical education. Nature of examination with its process and activities has direct and indirect relationship towards quality product and result status in any academic institution. Institute of Engineering (IOE) is continuously enhancing...

Covering the role of Telecommunications and ISP regulator towards SDN and IPv6 based next generation network deployment in the telecom domain for operation, management, control and monitoring.

This research performs the technical and economic analysis of the legacy network migration to Software Defined IPv6 Network with broadband deployment challenges for Nepal that the service providers should consider. It will focus to identify networking equipment status for their upgradability towards future networking, optimum estimate to migrate th...

p>Accepting the benefits of automation and to avoid the existing issues in semi-automated entrance examination system, Institute of Engineering (IOE) had decided to move into fully automated computer based entrance examination system in 2013. IOE had implemented automatic answer sheet scanning and processing system since 2004 and started online bas...

For the advancement on traffic monitoring and control over the possible fraud due to the misuse of telecommunication/internet service and with the requirement on empowering regulator towards efficient regulation, revenue evaluation and cross-verify quality of telecom services, we proposed a framework for Telecommunications Traffic Monitoring and Fr...

बिज्ञान तथा प्रबिधी अन्तरगतको इन्जिनियरिङ् शिक्षाको महत्व हाम्रो देशमा मात्र नभई विश्वमानै उच्च छ र क्षेमतावान प्राविधीकहरुको माग संसार भरीनै बढेको तथ्याङ्कहरुबाट देख्न सकिन्छ। यसै सन्दर्भमा हाम्रो जस्तो बिकास-उन्मुख देशको लागि त गुणस्तरिय प्राबिधिकहरुको निकैनै खांचो देखिन्छ। भुक्मपले धोस्त भएका पुराना संरचनाको पुनरनिर्माण र नयां संरचनाको बिकास, जल...

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Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a technology to transfer voice signal over the internet (Network). The transmission of audio data over digital packet switched networks faces lots of issues and challenges basically due to the presence of network impairments such as packet loss, delay, echo, network security and throughput. The biggest issue i...

p class="Default"> Institute of Engineering (IOE), Tribhuvan University (TU) is the government owned oldest institution in Nepal providing quality education in the engineering domain since 1972. However in the recent decade, other several universities are established in the country, IOE hasn’t lost its popularity with its major features to have ded...

There exists different parameters that act as influencing factors to measure the quality of technical education. Nature of examination with its process and activities has direct and indirect relationship towards quality product and result status in any academic institution. Institute of Engineering (IOE) is continuously enhancing the examination pr...