Babak Ghanbarzadeh

• phD
• Professor (Full) at University of Tabriz

In most domestic and industrial fryers, the oil inside the fryer is convected naturally as a result of the buoyancy force, which is the main driving force in the convection of oil. The oil flow may be laminar, transitional or turbulent, depending on the buoyant force. In this study, modelling of momentum transfer in the fluid phase (oil) by both Na...

This study developed fast-dissolving oral films (FDOFs) using electrospun nanofibers of sodium caseinate (Na-Cas) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at a 70: 30 ratio to encapsulate α-tocopherol acetate (α-TOC). Different concentrations of α-TOC (3-7 % w/w) were added to assess their effects on solution behavior and fiber morphology. Higher α-TOC levels i...

The present study offers a mathematical model to optimize the frying process of potato slices by considering interactions between oil temperature (150, 170, 190 °C), oil type (canola, sunflower, and soybean), and frying load (potato/oil ratio: 1/10, 1/15, and 1/20) on the distribution of velocity, temperature, moisture loss, and oil absorption. The...

Nanoemulsions have emerged as advanced systems for encapsulating bioactive compounds, offering enhanced stability, bioavailability, and functionality in various applications. This study evaluates the potential of chickpea protein isolate (CPI) and soy protein isolate (SPI) as emulsifiers in the preparation and stabilization of lutein-loaded nanoemu...

Edible coatings are a thin layer of substances that are put on the surface of food. This work was designed to investigate strawberry coating prepared of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), gelatin (G) enriched with lemon essential oil (LEO) in various concentrations (0.5%, 1.5%, 3%), on the antimicrobial characteristics, shelf life, physicochemical, and...

For developing a type of healthy and functional drink with high fiber and antioxidant properties, three types of dietary fiber (bamboo fiber, citrus fiber, and polydextrose) and two types of carotenoids (lycopene and lutein) were used in the peach nectar-based formulations. Based on the D-optimal mixture design, the ratio of fibers in a constant am...

Active, fully biobased film-forming dispersions (FFDs) with highly promising results for sliced soft bread preservation were successfully elaborated from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan (CH) using a simple method based on pH adjustments. They consisted of the association of polysaccharides and oleic acid (OL) added with cinnamon (CEO) or...

The study was conducted in order to study breakfast skipping (BKS) frequency, factors associated with, health consequence and undergraduate students academic performance during Covid-19 pandemic as earliest studies focusing on this area. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 2225 of undergraduate students. The study was carried between the...

The formulations of functional low‐calorie dairy dessert, enriched with inulin/polydextrose (as a starch substitute), and ginger/cinnamon extract (as a flavor component and natural antioxidants), were developed and optimized by the D‐optimal mixed design method. In the first stage, using the hedonic sensory evaluation and syneresis data, the optima...

The type of oil used during deep-fat frying can play a unique role in the transfer phenomena due to their different physicochemical properties. The effects of three types of oil, including canola, sunflower, and soybean oils, on the momentum, heat, and mass transfer during frying of potato strips were evaluated. The results showed that the oil type...

The utilization of grape stems, a by‐product of the grape processing industry, as a source of valuable bioactive compounds, particularly polyphenols, has gained attention in recent years. This study aimed to investigate different eco‐friendly extraction methods for obtaining polyphenols from grape (Vitis vinifera cv. Bidaneh Sefid) stems, focusing...

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were used to improve the electrospinnability of the gelatin protein in a water/ethanol/acetic acid (3:2:3, v/v) solution. The effects of different concentrations of CNFs (0.5–4%) on the important physical properties of the gelatin solution (15%), including rheology, conductivity, and surface tension, were investigated. T...

Surface-to-volume ratio (SVR) during deep-fat frying affects the rates of momentum, heat, and mass transfer, leading to influencing the final product quality. Mathematical modeling of simultaneous transport phenomena was developed to investigate the influence of the SVR on oil velocity and temperature, as well as product temperature, moisture, and...

Phenolic extract of Vitis vinifera grape pulp was prepared using ultrasonication at frequencies of 28, 40, and 28–40 kHz with a 1:10, 1:15, and 1:20 ratio of solid (grape pulp) to water. The 1:10 ratio and 40 kHz frequency were considered optimal conditions for the preparation of red grape pulp extract (RGPE). Then, RGPE was encapsulated within mal...

Lentil protein hydrolysates (LPH) and lentil protein hydrolysates cross-linked (LPHC) were grafted with gum Arabic (GA) through a wet Maillard reaction at 100°C for 2 h and called MLPH and MLPHC. The samples were assessed for absorption, degree of grafting (DG), surface hydrophobicity, antioxidant activity, molecular weight (MW) profile, chemical a...

The formulation of a novel functional fresh apple juice enriched with dietary prebiotic fiber (inulin or polydextrose), ginger extract (GE), and cardamom essential oil (CEO) was carried out based on a combined D-optimal design. In the first stage, sensory evaluation was performed to screen and select the optimum sample for further experiments. The...

The current study aims to synthesize the gelatin-coated nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) to encapsulate sage extract and use this nanoparticle to increase the quality parameters of beef burger samples. NLCs were prepared by formulation of gelatin (as surfactant and coating biopolymer), tallow oil (as solid lipid), rosemary essential oil (as liqui...

Lutein is a prominent biologically active carotenoid pigment with a polyene skeleton that has great benefits for human health. The study examined the synergistic effects of potentially functional components, including lutein carotenoid (LC), Mentha × Piperita extract (MPE), and Citrus × aurantifolia essential oil (CAEO), all three as bioactive comp...

Sodium caseinate is a food-grade protein that has several functional properties, such as acting as an emulsifying and stabilizing agent in a colloidal delivery system. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have been proven to be highly effective carriers for encapsulating bioactive compounds. In this research, several novel food-grade NLC systems ba...

In this study, a new polysaccharide was isolated from Ocimum album L. seed (OA), and its physicochemical and rheological properties were investigated. Ocimum album polysaccharide (OAP) was an acidic heteropolysaccharide with a molecular weight of 1935 kDa, and it was composed of five types of sugars: mannose (32.95 %), glucose (27.57 %), galactose...

Abstract In this research, garlic extract (GE)‐loaded water‐in‐oil nanoemulsion was used as a novel preservative and antioxidant in mayonnaise. GE (5%, 10%, 15%, and 25%) as a dispersed phase, olive oil as a continuous phase, and polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) as a low HLB surfactant, with a constant surfactant/garlic extract ratio (1:1), were...

The mechanical and physical properties of the bionanocomposite films based on κ-carrageenan (KC)–gelatin (Ge) containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and gallic acid (GA) were optimized using the response surface method, and the optimum amounts of 11.19 wt% GA and 1.20 wt% ZnONPs were obtained. The results of XRD, SEM, and FT-IR tests showed t...

In this study, the effect of solvent modification was investigated on the electrospinning of sodium caseinate (Na-Cas). The pure Na-Cas solutions did not form fiber in the electrospinning process at any concentrations (6, 8, 10%) and any set of equipment parameters and solvents. The field emission electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed that the...

Using an emulsion electrospinning technique, hydrophobic bioactive compounds can be contained in the core structure of nanofibers. This review explains the basics and benefits of emulsion electrospinning, as well as its food applications. Recent research has discovered that emulsion-based electrospun nanofibers can improve the encapsulation efficie...

Lentil peptides have shown promising bioactive properties regarding the antioxidant activity and also inhibitory activity of angiotensin‐I‐converting enzyme (ACE). Sequential hydrolysis of proteins has shown a higher degree of hydrolysis with enhanced antioxidant and ACE‐inhibitory activities. The lentil protein concentrate (LPC) was sequentially h...

Abstract The applications of protein hydrolysates as food preservatives and nutraceutical ingredients have attracted much attention because of their beneficial effects. The interest in these ingredients has shifted toward their biological activities with benefits to human health. Bioactive peptides are known as antioxidant agents that could promote...

A novel lime-juice based low-calorie functional beverage was developed by using D-optimal combined design optimization. For the preparation of the beverage, the following functional ingredients were used: lime juice, lime peel essential oil (LEO) as a flavoring agent and bioactive component, sucralose as a low-calorie sweetener, an inulin/polydextr...

In this study, the effect of solvent modification was investigated on the electrospinning of sodium caseinate (Na-Cas). The pure Na-Cas solutions did not form fiber in the electrospinning process at any concentrations (6, 8, 10%). and any set of equipment parameters and solvents. Respectively. The field emission electron microscopy (FESEM) images s...

An "intelligent" or smart packaging is able to continuously monitor physicochemical and/or biological variations of packaged food materials, providing real-time information concerning their quality, maturity, and safety. Electrospun nanofiber (ENF) structures, nowadays, reckon as versatile biomaterial platforms in designing intelligent packaging (I...

In this research work, the effects of myrtle essential oil (MEO) and Caucasian whortleberry extract (CWE) as natural additives were investigated on mechanical, physico-mechanical and antimicrobial properties of gellan/polyvinyl alcohol (G/PVA) film. Then, optimal blend active films were used for the wrapping of turkey breast meat stored at low temp...

Althaea officinalis L. root polysaccharide (AOP) was extracted, and its physicochemical and rheological properties were investigated. Gel permeation chromatography results showed that the molecular weight was 1560 kDa. High-performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was an acidic heteropolysaccharide consisting of five types of monosacchar...

The formulation of a novel functional juice, enriched with wheat germ powder and spirulina algae and based on cantaloupe and pear juice, was optimized by D-optimal combined design. Firstly, sensory evaluation was performed by hedonic test to evaluate the organoleptic properties, and organoleptically desirable samples were screened for further exper...

The enzymatically and physically modified lentil protein (LP) was assessed for antioxidant, antihypertension, and anti-diabetic activities. First, Alcalase and Flavourzyme were sequentially used to produce lentil protein hydrolysate (LPH). Then, the LPH underwent microbial transglutaminase (MTGase)-mediated cross-linking (LPHC) and ultrasound treat...

The enzymatically and physically modified lentil protein (LP) was assessed for antioxidant, antihypertension, and antidiabetic activities. First, Alcalase and Flavourzyme were sequentially used to produce lentil protein hydrolysate (LPH). Then, the LPH underwent microbial transglutaminase (MTGase)-mediated cross-linking (LPHC) and ultrasound treatm...

This study focused on the effects of different proteases (alcalase, trypsin, pancreatin, and pepsin) on amino acid composition (AAC) and nutritional, techno-functional, antioxidant, structural, and antibacterial properties of Spirulina (SP) protein and its hydrolysates (SPHs). Evaluation of AAC, including essential (30 %), hydrophobic (44 %), and a...

Sample to oil ratio (SOR) during frying of food products should be carefully determined because it substantially influences oil absorption. A novel computer simulation to model momentum, heat, and mass transfer was developed to investigate the effect of SOR (1/10, 1/15, and 1/20) on velocity, temperature, moisture, and oil distributions during fryi...

Three red color fruit juice (pomegranate (PJ), barberry (BJ), and grape juice (GJ)) and three plant extracts (cardamom essential oil (CE), ginger extract (GE), and hibiscus solution (HS)) were used for the development of different functional beverages. Organoleptic analysis was done to detect the most acceptable fruit juice blend. The physicochemic...

Abstract An O/W nanoemulsion of garlic essential oil (GEO) at different oil‐to‐emulsion (O/E) ratios (5%, 10%, 15%, and 25%) was formulated to protect the volatile components of GEO. The effects of O/E ratios on the encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of volatile compounds and droplet size of nanoemulsions were studied. The results showed that with incr...

Heat stable vitamin D3 loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were developed by edible solid lipids with high melting points (beeswax and margarine) and alpha-tocopherol as liquid oil. These NLCs were coated by gelatin to be spray dried and easily portable. The effect of solid lipid type (beeswax or margarine), solid-to-liquid lipid ratio, and...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporating pomegranate peel extract on properties of composite gelatin/cress seed gum films. The moisture barrier properties of active films were improved by 65% as function of adding CSNPs. Water contact angle (WCA) measurement exhibited hydrophobic surfaces with...

The main shortcoming of polylactic acid (PLA) for packaging applications is its brittleness. Thus, there is a pronounced interest in the potential use of PLA/zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NP) systems as active food packaging. In this study, ZnO NPs and two types of essential oils (EOs) including Zataria multiflora L. (ZEO) and Mentha piperita L. (ME...

Innovative drying technologies are frequently introduced to minimize various disadvantages of hot air dryers such as high energy consumption and low quality dried products. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of ultrasound (40 kHz for 10, 20, and 30 min) and intermittent microwave (360, 600 and 900 W at pulse ratios of 1, 2, 3 an...

This study aimed to hydrolyze lentil protein from two hydrolysis stages: single and sequential hydrolysis using Alcalase (1, 2, and 4% w/w enzyme to substrate (E:S)) and Flavourzyme (2% w/w) through a processing time of 180 min with an interval of 30 min, and then, degree of hydrolysis (DH), antioxidant and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhib...

In this paper, structure, chemical composition and physicochemical properties of the novel polysaccharide Amuniacum gum (AMG) were assessed. The AMG had 12.21% moisture, 3.76% ash, 0.31% protein, 73.06% carbohydrate, 1.24% fat and 10% uronic acids. The elemental analysis indicated the absence of sulfur. The HPLC demonstrated the presence of galacto...

This study was aimed to encapsulate lemongrass (Cymbopogon commutatus) essential oil (LGEO) into chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) and to investigate their physicochemical, morphological, structural, thermal, antimicro-bial and in-vitro release properties. CSNPs exhibited spherical morphology with an average hydrodynamic size of 175-235 nm. Increasing...

Synergistic effect of ZnO-nanoparticles as three-dimensional nanospheres and nanoclay as one-dimensional clay platelets, on thermal and barrier properties of polystyrene-based nanocomposite packaging sheet was investigated. A central composite design under response surface methodology was employed for optimizing the thermal and moisture barrier pro...

This study aimed to produce bioactive peptides with increased ACE‐inhibitory and antioxidant activities from single and sequential hydrolysis, using Alcalase and Flavourzyme at the enzyme to substrate ratio of 2% and hydrolysis time of 180 min. Results showed that sequential hydrolysis led to a higher DH value (47.05%) comparing to single hydrolysi...

A water-soluble acidic polysaccharide (AOP-2) from Althaea officinalis L. root was isolated by water extraction and purified by ion exchange chromatography (Cellulose DEAE-52) and gel filtration (Sephadex G-200). The structure characteristics of AOP-2 was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPL...

The effects induced by heat on Depurple and Cheddar (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) during boiling, steaming, and sous-vide were investigated to elucidate the role of the basic cellular elements in softening and extractability of sterols and tocopherols. With this aim, an elastoplastic mechanical model was conceptualized at a cell scale-size a...

Synergistic effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as photocatalyst and organonanoclay (ONC) as biodegradable promoter on the degradation of polystyrene (PS) film was investigated. The films were exposed to ultraviolet irradiation under ambient air at room temperature for photo-catalytic degradation and then submitted to biodegradation test i...

The encapsulation of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) in chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) is an advantageous strategy to protect sensitive constituents of the extract. This study was aimed to develop PPE-loaded CSNPs and characterize their physical, structural morphology, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Spherical NPs were successfully synthes...

Olive leaf extract (OLE), as a natural antioxidant, was encapsulated within nanostructured lipid carrier (OLE-NLC) and the physico-chemical, microstructure, physical stability, antioxidant activity, and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) were evaluated. Then, it was loaded into the pectin-sodium caseinate hydrogel network and its antioxidant and physic...

Resveratrol (RES) loaded lipid nanocarriers (RES-NLC) were produced using an Ultra-Turrax with high shear force using cocoa butter (CB), corn oil (CO), and.Tween 80. Particle size, morphology, % encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and physical stability for 60 days were studied. A mayonnaise was fortified with RES-NLC. The results showed the particles h...

In this study, a novel polysaccharide fraction from Ocimum album seed was extracted and then purified by Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-200 anion exchange chromatography. The structural, physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the main polysaccharide fraction (OAP-1A) were evaluated. The purified polysaccharide contained 94.3% carbohydrate,...

This study deals with the mathematical modeling of crystallization kinetics occurring during batch production of the ice cream. The temperature decrease was recorded in-situ through a computerized wireless system. A robust pattern-recognition algorithm of the experimental cooling curves was developed to determine the initial freezing point. The the...

In recent decades, environmental concerns and increasing consumer demand for healthy and nutritious food products with prolonged shelf life have made the food packaging industry pay more attention to the preparation of multifunctional biodegradable packaging films based on biopolymers containing active components such as antioxidant and antimicrobi...

The active emulsified blend films based on gelatin-pectin (5% w/w) containing virgin olive oil (VOO) (0.1–0.3 g/g biopolymer) and grape seed oil (GSO) (0.1–0.3 g/g biopolymer) were prepared by casting method. GSO showed slightly more decreasing effect than VOO on ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and strain at break (SAB) of blend films however; VOO...

Quercetin-loaded nano-niosomes based on both surfactant combinations (Tween 80/Span 80, and Tween 60/Span 60) in the presence of different additives (polyethylene glycol (PEG 400, 1500, and 10000), Propylene glycol (PG), glycerol, and cholesterol) were developed using thin-layer hydration method. Results showed that the niosomal particles with the...

In the last few decades, various bioactive compound-delivery technologies have been emerged and nanoscale delivery devices have been developed. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are delivery systems that reveal some advantages over conventional carriers such as increased loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency, solubility, storage stability,...

In this research, the quercetin loaded niosomes were prepared using span 60 and tween 80 surfactants by thin layer hydration–homogenization–sonication method. Phytosterol and polyethylene glycol 400 were used as stabilizers at four different concentrations. Physicochemical properties of the quercetin loaded niosomes, such as particle size, polydisp...

The effect of Nano-emulsion (NE) and Macro-emulsion (ME) of cinnamon essential oil (CEO) on the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based films was investigated. MEs (diameters of 242–362 nm) and NEs (diameters of 59–80 nm) of CEO were produced through Ultra-Turrax and Ultrasonication, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) an...

The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of different gamma ray dosages (5, 10, and 10 kGy) on the structural, mechanical, surface and barrier properties of chitosan (Ch) based nanocomposite film. The results showed gamma irradiation caused an increase in the surface hydrophobicity, water vapor permeability and sensitivity of fil...

Drying is an essential unit operation in the food industry, with novel technologies introduced day after day. This study aimed to investigate different drying methods of apple using the continuous microwave, pulsed microwave (PM), and convective hot-air (CH) with and without ultrasound (U) pretreatment. Results showed that simultaneous U – PM – CH...

In the current study, sunflower by-product pectin (SFBP) was obtained using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique. The UAE variables were successfully optimized, and the optimal condition (irradiation time 30 min, temperature 33°C and ultrasound power 400 W) yielded 11.15%. Under this condition, SFBP was rich in low-esterified galacturonic...

Introduction: is the evaluation of the effect of gelatin/Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin coating containing nanoemulsion of nettle (Urtica dioica L. ( on chemical, microbial and sensory properties of turkey meat during storage. Materials and Methods: Chemical compositions of nettle essential oil were detected using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry...

Plantago major L. is a member of Plantaginaceae family plants and Plantago major seeds (PMS) can be a good source of gum. Response surface methodology (RSM) and Box–Behnken design was utilized to optimize the ultrasound‐assisted extraction of PMS gum. This optimization consisted of two stages: extraction stage with three variables (seed: water rati...

The formation of gelatin- soluble fraction of Persian gum (SFPG) coacervates was studied as a function of biopolymers ratios (from 2:0 to 1:1 ratio of gelatin- SFPG; total concentration of 2%) and pH (from 5 to 3) through combined experimental design. Decreasing pH from 5 to 4 resulted in an increment in turbidity, from 2 to 30, then decrement up t...

In this study, the factors affecting lipase adsorption onto SiO2 nanoparticles including SiO2 nanoparticles amounts (8, 19 and 30 mg/ml), lipase concentrations (30, 90 and 150 µg/ml), adsorption temperatures (5, 20 and 35 °C) and adsorption times (1, 12.5 and 24 hr) were optimized using central composite design. The optimal conditions were determin...

Poultry meat is a susceptible product for growth of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. The shelf life extension of raw poultry meat is a challenge in food industry. In this research, the combined effect of dipping in a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution containing black pepper seed (Piper Nigrum) extract (BPE) and turmeric (Curcuma Longa L...

Herbal compounds, so-called phyto-constituents, illustrate poor stability and absorption. Niosomes, which are made of nonionic surfactants, create better chemical and stability conditions, higher absorption rate and bioavailability besides lipid vesicles. This study covers the preparation and characterization of phyto-niosomes of grape stem extract...

In this study, the emulsifying and foaming properties of a novel exudate gum from Dorema ammoniacum (AMG) were assessed in comparison with the well‐known gum Arabic from Acacia tree (GAC). The sunflower oil‐based emulsion (10% v/v) containing various concentrations (5%–15% w /v ) of AMG and GAC was prepared. At all concentrations, AMG showed higher...

Background Phytosterols are naturally occurring steroid alcohols with excellent nutritional values and wellness effects on lowering both the blood cholesterol and the ratio of the low-density to high-density lipoprotein bound cholesterol in serum. Scope and approach Recently, fortification of foods with these valuable bioactives have gained much a...

The effect of nano­emulsified mustard (Brassica juncea) essential oil (NME) alone and combined with gelatin/ hydroxypropyl­β­cyclodextrin (FNME) investigated in comparison with a synthetic packaging polymer on weight loss, pH, total volatiles, total volatile basic nitrogen value (TN), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value (TR), microbio­ lo...

Entrapment of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) loaded with enzyme, into a polymer matrix (PVA/Alg), is a way to produce an environment surrounding the adsorbed enzyme molecules which improves the enzyme properties such as storage and operational stability. Hence, in this study, we optimised the factors affecting lipase adsorption onto halloysite nanotub...

Background Recently, public interests have increased to study novel and vernacular polysaccharides due to their various uses, especially in food formulations as well as pharmaceuticals and herbal medicines. Plant-based gums are commercially produced from a large number of plants that include complex polysaccharides. Scope and Approach The present...

This research extends the effect of packaging with bovine gelatin, gelatin nanocomposite (GN), gelatin emulsion (GE), two layers gelatin nanocomposite and gelatin emulsion (GNE), and polyethylene (PE) films on sponge cake properties during storage at 25°C and 55 ± 2% RH. In this regard, water vapor permeability (WVP) and oxygen permeability (OP) of...

This research extends the effect of packaging with bovine gelatin, gelatin nanocomposite (GN), gelatin emulsion (GE), two layers gelatin nanocomposite and gelatin emulsion (GNE), and polyethylene (PE) films on sponge cake properties during storage at 25°C and 55 ± 2% RH. In this regard, water vapor permeability (WVP) and oxygen permeability (OP) of...

Combination of low energy and high energy methods were studied as alternative process to individual spontaneous emulsification and ultrasonication for production of stable nanoemulsions in order to reduce the synthetic surfactant requirement. A three-step procedure was used: The dispersed oil phase containing hydrophilic surfactant (Tween 80) was t...