B. CHRISTIAN Schmidt

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada | AAFC · Ottawa Research and Development Centre

The New World Noctuidae of the subfamilies Pantheinae (10 genera, 34 species), Raphiinae (1 genus, 1 species), Balsinae (1 genus, 3 species), and Acronictinae (5 genera, 92 species) are revised. With the exception of the Neotropical Pantheinae genera Lichnoptera Herrich-Schäffer, Gaujonia Dognin, and Bathyra Walker, 130 species are treated, 102 of...

Noctuidae are one of the world's most diverse, ecologically successful, and economically important animal lineages with over 12,000 species in ~1,150 genera. We inferred a phylogeny using eight protein-coding genes for the global fauna, greatly expanding upon previous attempts to stabilize Noctuidae higher classification by sampling 341 genera (nea...

The genus Nublapamea gen. nov. is described (type species: Trachea altivolans Schaus), here determined to belong to the primarily temperate Holarctic tribe Apameini (Noctuidae: Noctuinae). Currently known only from mid- to upper elevation montane forests of Costa Rica, Nublapamea is a disjunct southern extension of a largely northern hemisphere tem...

Synthetic pheromones formulated for Acossus centerensis Lintner, 1877 led to the discovery of a new taxonomically cryptic species, Acossus boreocryptus Schmidt & Jaeger sp. nov. Adult males were active only during the daytime, exceptional among cossid moths, and the first documented case of diurnality in New World Cossidae. Males were attracted to...

Diagnostic comparison wing markings of Papaimpema pterisii, leucostigma, lysimachiae

Schinia scissa (Grote) is endemic to Florida and one of the most rarely-encountered North American flower moths (Heliothinae), known to science from less than 10 specimens for nearly 150 years. The life history and larval host plant, previously unknown, is documented here for the first time. Larvae feed on the flowering parts of Arcadian St. John’s...

Multi-locus genetic data for phylogeographic studies is generally limited in geographic and taxonomic scope as most studies only examine a few related species. The strong adoption of DNA barcoding has generated large datasets of mtDNA COI sequences. This work examines the butterfly fauna of Canada and United States based on 13,236 COI barcode recor...

All the described species of Noctuidae that are known to occur in Canada, Greenland, and the continental United States of America are listed. All valid scientific names from family to subspecies are presented following the most recent available classification. All available (and many unavailable) synonyms are listed, as well as misspellings, emenda...

All the described species of Geometridae that are known to occur in Canada, Greenland, and the continental United States of America are listed. All valid scientific names from family to subspecies are presented following the most recent available classification. All available (and many unavailable) synonyms are listed, as well as misspellings, emen...

We performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis on the family Euteliidae to clarify deep divergences and elucidate evolutionary relationships at the level of the subfamily, tribe, and genus. Our dataset consists of 6.3 kbp of one mitochondrial and seven nuclear DNA loci and was analysed using model-based phylogenetic methods, that is, maximum likeli...

In this study, we present the skeleton phylogenetic hypothesis, hostplant associations and divergence time estimations for one of the less studied families of Lepidoptera (Insecta), Euteliidae (Noctuoidea), based on a comprehensive taxon coverage from all zoogeographical regions of the world. The caterpillars of euteliid moths are highly speciali...

One of the main consequences of globalization is the intensification of biological introductions. Because of their negative impact on environments, the early detection and monitoring of introduced species through molecular approaches is gaining increased uptake. This study assembles 2,278 DNA barcode records to examine contemporary patterns of sequ...

An integrated assessment of geographic distribution, genetic variation and interpopulation reproductive barriers of the Great Plains and Great Lakes populations of the Hemileuca maia-nevadensis species complex is presented. The taxonomic circumscription of Hemileuca nevadensis Stretch, key to understanding the complex evolutionary history of the gr...

The geometrid moth Hemithea aestivaria (Hübner, 1789) was introduced from Europe to North America, first being detected in British Columbia in 1973. Until 2019, its North American range was limited to a restricted area of the Pacific Northwest. Here, we report on the first records of H. aestivaria for eastern North America from three widely separat...

Although the butterflies of North America have received considerable taxonomic attention, overlooked species and instances of hybridization continue to be revealed. The present study assembles a DNA barcode reference library for this fauna to identify groups whose patterns of sequence variation suggest the need for further taxonomic study. Based on...

Lafontaineana Martinez, gen. nov. is proposed as a new Neotropical genus of Pantheinae, forming a sister group to Gaujonia Dognin, 1891 based on a phylogenetic analysis. In addition, one new combination and four new species are proposed: Lafontaineana marmorifera (Walker, 1865), comb. nov. (Colombia), Lafontaineana alexandrae Martinez, sp. nov. (Ec...

The geometrid moth Hemithea aestivaria (Hübner, 1789) was introduced from Europe to North America, first detected in British Columbia in 1973. Until 2019, its North American range was limited to a restricted area of the Pacific Northwest. Here, we report on the first records of H. aestivaria for eastern North America from three widely separated urb...

• Rare, threatened species often suffer from habitat fragmentation, which leads to smaller populations vulnerable to negative impacts including inbreeding depression and collapse of metapopulation dynamics. Therefore, understanding the population structure and relationships of each population of a threatened species is critical for prioritising hab...

Comparative diagnosis of species in the Pseduohemihyalea labecula species-group based on external characters.

The known Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) of the provinces and territories of Canada are summarised, and current knowledge is compared to the state of knowledge in 1979. A total of 5405 species are known to occur in Canada in 81 families, and a further 50 species have been reported but are unconfirmed. This represents an increase of 1348 specie...

The genus Admetovis Grote is revised. Admetovisicarussp. n. is described from the mountains of western North America. A lectotype of Admetovisoxymorus Grote is designated. Illustrations of the adults, male and female genitalia, and distribution maps are presented, together with an identification key. The classification of the genus is reviewed resu...

Clemensiaalbata Packard, previously thought to be a single, widely distributed North American species, is here shown to consist of three distinct, primarily parapatric species: Clemensiaalbata Packard, C.umbrata Packard, stat. rev. , and Clemensiaochreata Schmidt & Sullivan, sp. n. Adults and genitalic structures of the three species are illustrate...

A summary of all taxonomic and nomenclatural changes to the check list of the Noctuoidea of North America north of Mexico since the last update published in 2015 is provided. A total of 64 changes are listed and discussed, consisting of 26 recently published changes and additions, and an additional 38 presented herein. One stat. n., one stat. rev.,...

Euchaetesnancyaesp. n. is described from southeastern Arizona. Although superficially similar to species of Pygarctia Grote, structural and molecular variation shows it to be most closely related to Euchaeteshelena (Cassino). Adults, genitalic structure, eggs, and first instar larvae are described and illustrated. The larval host plant remains unkn...

A new species of the Sympistisbadistriga species-group, Sympistiseleaner Adams, sp. n. is described from Sapelo Island, a back-barrier island in coastal Georgia, United States of America. Adults and genitalia of S.eleaner are illustrated, in addition to adults of similar species in the Sympistisbadistriga species-group. The composition of this spec...

Table S1. DNA barcode voucher specimen data.

A summary of all taxonomic and nomenclatural changes to the check list of the Noctuoidea of North America north of Mexico since the last update published in 2015 is provided. A total of 64 changes are listed and discussed, consisting of 26 recently published changes and additions, and an additional 38 presented herein. One stat. n., one stat. rev.,...

The recent discovery of a new Colias species from the central Arctic of Canada, a region with a relatively small, well-studied butterfly fauna, has remained relatively unknown among North American lepidopterists. The status of this species, C. rankinensis Verhulst, as a species distinct from other Arctic Colias has also been treated with skepticism...

We examined the global phylogeography of L. dispar using molecular data based on two mitochondrial genes and three nuclear genes. All known populations of L. dispar from every biogeographic region were sampled to fully document intraspecific variation and to identify potential cryptic species, as well as clarifying the relationships among major phy...

A population of Arctia plantaginis was discovered on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland, 1800 km east of its previously known range limits. Comparison of DNA barcode data to other Holarctic A. plantaginis populations reveal that the Newfoundland population is not a European introduction, and likely represents a Pleistocene glacial relict.

Through integrating molecular, morphological and natural history evidence, nominal Hemaris diffinis (Boisduval) of eastern North America is shown to include a second, cryptic species, Hemaris aethra (Strecker) stat. rev. Despite highly divergent mtDNA sequences and differing larval phenotypes, genitalic morphology, habitat and larval host plants, a...

A definitive species list is the foundation of biodiversity and conservation work. As we deal with massive climatic changes in the Anthropocene, knowing which species make up our diverse ecosystems will be critically important if we wish to protect and restore them. The Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies, are the fourth-largest insect order in term...

This study reports the assembly of a DNA barcode reference library for species in the lepidopteran superfamily Noctuoidea from Canada and the USA. Based on the analysis of 69,378 specimens, the library provides coverage for 97.3% of the noctuoid fauna (3565 of 3664 species). In addition to verifying the strong performance of DNA barcodes in the dis...

GenBank accession numbers. (XLS)

Introduced species into North America. List of introduced species of noctuoids in North America with the approximate date of their arrival. (XLS)

Two-way presence-absence data for 3252 North American noctuoid species in 12 ecoregions of North America. Each region designated by a numeric code: 1 Arctic (Arctic Cordillera + Tundra); 2 Boreal (Taiga + Hudson plain + Northern forests); 3 Northwestern forested mountains; 4 Marine west coast forests; 5 Eastern temperate forests; 6 Great plains; 7...

Barcode performance among ecoregions of North America. Data set for the analysis of barcode performance in the discrimination of noctuoid species from the 12 ecoregions of North America. (XLS)

Data set for the analysis of BIN overlap among zoogeographical regions. (XLS)

Barcode coverage. List of North American noctuoid species without barcode coverage. (XLS)

Noctuidae-3. NJ tree based on sequence variation in the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene for North American species in the family Noctuidae-3. (PDF)

Checklist for North American noctuoids. The table represents barcode coverage in terms of the number of specimens analyzed and geographic coverage. Species lacking barcode data are in red. (XLS)

Species with extraterritorial barcode records. Forty-eight species barcoded from other nations likely share the same barcode as specimens collected in the USA. For species collected in Texas and Arizona—barcodes from Mexican specimens are the best proxy, followed by Guatemala. For species collected in Florida—barcodes from Cuban specimens are best,...

Low sequence divergence. List of North American noctuoid species with low sequence divergence from another taxon. (XLS)

Noctuidae-1. NJ tree based on sequence variation in the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene for North American species in the family Noctuidae-1. (PDF)

Noctuidae-2. NJ tree based on sequence variation in the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene for North American species in the family Noctuidae-2. (PDF)

Barcode sharing. List of North American noctuoid species sharing a barcode haplotype. (XLS)

Deep split. List of North American noctuoid species with deep intraspecific sequence divergence. (XLS)

List of all noctuoid species known from North America with number of BINs, mean intra-specific divergence, and number of specimens per species. (XLS)

Euteliidae. NJ tree based on sequence variation in the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene for North American species in the family Euteliidae. (PDF)

Nolidae. NJ tree based on sequence variation in the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene for North American species in the family Nolidae. (PDF)

Erebidae (rest). NJ tree based on sequence variation in the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene for North American species in the family Erebidae (rest). (PDF)

Notodontidae and Doidae. NJ tree based on sequence variation in the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene for North American species in the families Notodontidae and Doidae. (PDF)

Erebidae (Arctiinae). NJ tree based on sequence variation in the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene for North American species in the family Erebidae (Arctiinae). (PDF)

Analysis of the DNA barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene from a specimen of the extinct Jamaican sunset moth, Urania sloanus, places this species as a sister to the Central American U. fulgens. We found that all Urania F. species were closely related (<2.8% maximum divergence at COI), with the Cuban endemic U. boisduvalii appearing as...

Material examined, localities and GenBank accessions. (XLS)

List of non-tailed primers used in Sanger sequencing to amplify six short, overlapping fragments of the COI-5P barcode region. (XLSX)

Detail on the technologies used—Sanger or NGS—to successfully amplify each fragments (F1-F6) of COI-5P barcode region. To see additional information on primer combinations, reactions attempted on each sample, and download the trace files please go to http://dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-URANIA. (XLSX)

Min, max, and average base coverage for 10 samples amplified using NGS post-QC read filtering. Although the minimum coverage was 0 for all samples (because none of the samples had 100% success), for the final consensus sequence we generally only included regions with a minimum coverage of 10, unless we were absolutely certain that the low-coverage...

The identity of Celastrina species in eastern Canada is reviewed based on larval host plants, phenology, adult phenotypes, mtDNA barcodes and re-assessment of published data. The status of the Cherry Gall Azure (C. serotina Pavulaan & Wright) as a distinct species in Canada is not supported by any dataset, and is removed from the Canadian fauna. Pr...

Data for DNA barcode voucher specimens of Celastrina

We present results of an eight-gene molecular study of the subfamily Acronictinae and related Noctuidae. Amphipyrinae are recovered as sister to Acronictinae, but with weak support - not surprisingly, the content of the two subfamilies has often been mixed in classifications. Balsinae, previously placed near Acronictinae or within Noctuinae, is rec...

The Lacinipolia vicina (Grote) species complex, previously consisting of L. vicina, L. teligera (Morrison), L. pensilis (Grote), and L. subalba Mustelin is revised to six species: L. vicina (eastern USA), L. teligera (southern Great Plains), L. pensilis (Pacific Northwest and northern Rocky Mountains), L. acutipennis (Grote), stat. rev. (= L. subal...

Table S1. Specimen data for mtDNA barcode vouchers

A total of 124 additions and corrections are listed and discussed for the check list of the Noctuoidea of North America north of Mexico published in 2010. Twenty-eight species are added to the list, 16 through new species descriptions, eight as a result of taxonomic splits, and four based on newly recorded species. Forty-eight species are deleted f...

The maple leafcutter moth (Paraclemensia acerifoliella (Fitch) (Lepidoptera: Incurvariidae) has been discovered in western Canada, feeding on saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia (Nuttall) Nuttall ex Roemer (Rosaceae)), a previously undocumented host. New records are detailed, and historical records are reviewed and assessed. Western populations are co...

Citation: Schmidt BC, Anweiler GG (2014) Taxonomy and biogeography of the Nearctic Raphia Hübner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Raphiinae). In: Schmidt BC, Lafontaine JD (Eds) Contributions to the systematics of New World macro-moths V. ZooKeys 421: 91–113. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.421.7517 Abstract The taxonomic status and biogeography of the North American...

AbstractThe taxonomic composition and systematic position of Agriopodes Hampson is examined through an integrated approach using adult and larval morphology, biology, and molecular sequence data. The type-species of Agriopodes, Moma fallax Herrich-Schäffer is shown to be derived within the Acronicta grisea Walker species-group; accordingly, Agriopo...