Azura Mohd Affandi

• Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Background Generalised pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a chronic, systemic, neutrophilic inflammatory disease. A previous Delphi panel established areas of consensus on GPP, although patient perspectives were not included, and aspects of treatment goals remain unclear. Objectives To identify and achieve consensus on refined, specific treatment goals f...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition, characterised by dry skin, pruritus and recurrent eczematous lesions. Challenges in the management of AD include fear associated with the use of corticosteroids, compliance issues and frequent flare-ups impacting the quality of life. Moisturisers are the cornerstone of AD management....

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, chronic, heterogeneous, and potentially life‐threatening disease characterized by primary, sterile, and macroscopically visible pustules with or without systemic symptoms. There are ethnic differences in the genetic mutations associated with GPP that might affect the clinical manifestations and treatm...

Background Psoriasis is a chronic erythematous inflammatory skin disorder. The major challenge with psoriasis is delayed diagnosis, resulting in delayed treatment initiation and reduced quality of life (QoL). Objective This patient perspective study aimed to explore the emotional and psychosocial burdens faced by patients with psoriasis in Malaysi...

Importance Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) lacks internationally accepted definitions and diagnostic criteria, impeding timely diagnosis and treatment and hindering cross-regional clinical and epidemiological study comparisons. Objective To develop an international consensus definition and diagnostic criteria for GPP using the modified Delphi...

The impact of psoriasis on quality of life may have implications for the sexual function of patients. We aimed to determine the frequency of sexual difficulties and associated factors among adult patients with psoriasis. This cross-sectional study involved 13 673 patients notified to the Malaysian Psoriasis Registry. Sexual function was defined bas...

Introduction : Atopic eczema (AE) is a common inflammatory skin dermatosis that is increasing in prevalence. However, it can present in various clinical presentations, which leads to challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of the condition, especially in a primary care setting. The Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Atopic Eczema w...

Lymphoma presenting with ulceration is not typical. We report a case of relapsed DLBCL in a 73-year-old man presenting with a chronic non-healing leg ulcer. He has underlying varicose veins with recurrent venous ulcers. This patient was diagnosed to have DLBCL six years earlier when he presented with recurrent epistaxis originating from a left nasa...

Introduction: Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by inflamed nodules, abscesses, sinus tracts, and scarring, which can occur in any skin containing folliculopilosebaceous units. We aim to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment modalities in patients with HS. Methods:...

Background Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting 2-3% of the general population. Aim To evaluate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of patients with psoriasis who seek treatment in outpatient dermatology clinics throughout hospitals in Malaysia. Materials and Methods Data were obtained from the Malaysian Psoriasis...

Acne vulgaris is a chronic skin abnormality that can afflict a person at any stage of life; however, it is more common in adolescent population. Due to the subjectivity and difficulty of the commonly used assessment methods such as photography and lesion counting, discrepancy is usually observed in the severity grading of acne vulgaris patients. In...

The segmentation of acne vulgaris lesions is a crucial step for the classification and developing a severity assessment system. In this paper, an unsupervised technique is proposed for the segmentation of acne vulgaris lesions. The effect of color feature normalization on segmentation results is examined. Two types of normalization is performed — i...

Background: Psoriasis involving the face is visible and can cause considerable emotional distress to patients. Its presence may also confer a poorer prognosis for the patient. This study sought to evaluate the characteristics of facial psoriasis in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted using data from the Malaysian Psoriasis Regis...

Background: Patients with severe psoriasis, namely those requiring phototherapy or systemic treatment, have an increased risk of death. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, aetiology and risk factors for mortality among adult patients aged 18 years and above with psoriasis in Malaysia. Methods: This was a retrospective study in...

Treatment options for advanced stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) are limited by the their efficacy and side-effects profile. Gemcitabine, a pyrimidine analogue, has been reported to be efficacious in CTCL. Most of the studies published used gemcitabine as a single agent in treating advanced CTCL. Our small case series demonstrated that a combi...

Introduction: Gorlin Syndrome is an autosomal dominant trait disease which has a wide range of developmental abnormalities, and predisposes patients to basal cell carcinoma (BCC). It is a rare disease caused by mutations in the PTCH1 gene that is mapped to the long arm of chromosome 9q22.3-q31. Objective: To report a rare dermatology case, Gorlin...

Segmentation is the basic and important step for digital image analysis and understanding. Segmentation of acne lesions in the visual spectrum of light is very challenging due to factors such as varying skin tones due to ethnicity, camera calibration and the lighting conditions. In this approach the color image is transformed into various color spa...

The occurrence of specular illumination phenomenon in digital photography depends on the nature of the surfaces, imaging geometry and lighting conditions. In the images of Acne patients, besides relative orientation of light source and objects, and lighting conditions; oily skin, pus (white oily liquid) inside Acne Vulgaris lesions and medication a...

Psoriasis is a common skin disorder with a prevalence of 0.6 - 4.8% around the world. The most common is plaques psoriasis and it appears as red scaling plaques. Psoriasis is incurable but treatable in a long term treatment. Although PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) scoring is recognised as gold standard for psoriasis assessment, this metho...

A surface roughness algorithm has been developed and validated for determining roughness of psoriasis lesions. The algorithm extracts an estimated waviness surface from 3D rough surface of psoriasis lesion by applying high order polynomial surface fitting. Vertical deviations of the lesion are determined by subtracting its 3D surface from the estim...

Scaliness of psoriasis lesions is one of the parameters to be determined during Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scoring. Dermatologists typically use their visual and tactile senses to assess PASI scaliness. However, it is known that the scores are subjective resulting in inter- and intra-rater variability. In this paper, an objective 3D i...

Thickness is one of the morphological characteristic of skin lesion that represents severity condition. Dermatologists use tactile inspection to subjectively assess the thickness by feeling the alteration of the lesion from its surrounding normal skin. In this paper, a method to objectively measure the abnormal elevation occurs in skin lesions is p...

Psoriasis is a widespread skin disease affecting up to 2% population with plaque psoriasis accounting to about 80%. It can be identified as a red lesion and for the higher severity the lesion is usually covered with rough scale. Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scoring is the gold standard method for measuring psoriasis severity. Scaliness is o...

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition which affects 2-3% of population around the world. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) is a gold standard to assess psoriasis severity as well as the treatment efficacy. Although a gold standard, PASI is rarely used because it is tedious and complex. In practice, PASI score is determined subje...

Skin surface roughness can be changed due to skin lesion progression. The evaluation of the damage of the skin is assessed on the base of clinical experience of dermatologists. Currently, the assessment of skin surface is made by running a finger across the skin. It is found that this tactile evaluation may result in inter and intra variations. The...

Irregular elevation is commonly formed in skin surface during dermatological diseases. Thickness is one of the parameters to assess the severity. In this research, the thickness is defined as the elevation of lesion surface from its constructed reference line which is generated by smoothing the lesion surface using moving average filter. This metho...

Skin colour is vital information in dermatological diagnosis as it reflects the pathological condition beneath the skin. It is commonly used to indicate the extent of diseases such as psoriasis, which is indicated by the appearance of red plaques. Although there is no cure for psoriasis, there are many treatment modalities to help control the disea...

Psoriasis is a skin disorder which is caused by a genetic fault. Although there is no cure for psoriasis, there are many treatment modalities to help control the disease. To evaluate treatment efficacy, the current gold standard method, PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index), is used to measure psoriasis severity by evaluating the area, erythema,...

Skin colour is vital information in dermatological diagnosis. It reflects pathological condition beneath the skin and commonly being used to indicate the extent of a disease. Psoriasis is a skin disease which is indicated by the appearance of red plaques. Although there is no cure for psoriasis, there are many treatment modalities to help control t...

Psoriasis is a skin disorder which is caused by genetic fault. There is no cure for psoriasis; however, there are many treatment modalities to help control the disease. To evaluate treatment efficacy, PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) which is the current gold standard method is used to measure psoriasis severity by evaluating the area, eryt...

Psoriasis is a skin disorder which is caused by genetic fault. There is no cure for psoriasis, however, there are many treatment modalities to help control the disease. To evaluate treatment efficacy, PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) which is the current gold standard method is used to measure psoriasis severity by evaluating the area, eryt...