Aznarul Islam

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Verified

Aznarul verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• M.Sc, M.Phil, PhD (Geography)
• Professor (Assistant) at Aliah University

The present research based on 39 cross sections, historical maps, satellite images, and intensive field investigations intends to portray the changes in the cross-sectional morphology and channel efficiency of the lower Bhagirathi River (Katwa to Nabadwip) after the Farakka barrage was constructed over the Ganga River in 1975. The study reveals tha...

Frequent erosion along the banks of the River Bhagirathi-Hooghly constitutes one of the most important hazards in West Bengal, India. This frequent nature of erosion is induced by hydraulic control by the construction of Farakka Barrage in 1975 and Indo- Bangladesh water sharing treaty of 1977 and 1996. Water sharing treaties result in fluctuating...

This research deals with the surface dynamics and key factors – hydrological regime, sediment load, and erodibility of floodplain facies – of frequent channel shifting, intensive meandering, and lateral instability of the Bhagirathi River in the western part of the Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta (GBD). At present, the floodplain of the Bhagirathi is categ...

Social psychology of people affected by hazards is different from normal psychology For example, severe bank erosion in the lower reach of the Bhagirathi River in West Bengal has resulted in significant land loss (~60% of all households lost land over last 20 years) and affected the livelihoods of the people in the study villages along the river. P...

The issue of bank erosion is very severe in the lower stretch of Bhagirathi River in West Bengal, India. During 1984-2012 average annual rate of bank line shifting at the selected cross sections was computed to be revolving around 10 m year-1. Micro level socio-economic survey portrayed that greater than 45 percent farmers lost about 90 percent...

In recent times, groundwater (GW) contamination has been rising at an alarming rate in the freshwater-scarce dry and coastal areas of the world in terms of arsenic (As) and fluoride (F−). This study focused on the vulnerability assessment of ‘As and F−’ contamination of GW in the Gangetic delta region by evaluating GW quality and potential health i...

The study of geomorphology and soil erosion has garnered increasing attention globally due to mounting environmental concerns and the recognition of soil erosion as a critical issue with profound implications for ecosystem health and human well-being. This review paper examines recent trends and future directions in geomorphology and soil erosion r...

The present study focuses on the nature and extent of groundwater nitrate contamination, especially in the agroecosystems. This comprehensive review also examines the detection methods, pollution mechanisms, and policy implications. Therefore, the study reveals novel findings based on the Scopus database of 168 articles from 1991 to 2023. The bibli...

This study aims to explore the impact of fly ash (FA) on two types of free-floating aquatic plants, Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes, growing in two different locations. The stress caused by FA has led to a significant biochemical alteration in several leaf properties, including ascorbic acid, relative water, and chlorophyll, as well as a...

Landslides are recognized as major natural geological hazards in the mountainous region, and they are accountable for enormous human causalities, damage to properties, and environmental issues in the Teesta River basin, Sikkim, India. GIS approaches are widely used in landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) that can help relevant authorities to miti...

Recently, one of the environmental topics that has been studied and discussed the most among the researchers is global warming and climate change. Globally, there has been a lot of focus on the variability of the climate, especially about the rainfall and temperature fluctuations. Therefore, it is crucial to analyse climate-induced changes and reco...

Coastal freshwater is essential for drinking water needs, but its scarcity is increasing due to saltwater intrusion and human inputs in many tropical anthropogenically modified coasts around the worldwide. However, in some areas, including Bangladesh, groundwater quality has not been extensively studied concerning fluoride contamination, its hydrog...

Traditional paddy cultivars (TPC) have a high nutritional and medicinal value and can survive severe stress conditions. TPCs are soil and region-specific, produced with organic manure, and free of pesticides or insecticides; as a result, they are more resistant to pests and naturally strong. TPCs are the best solution to the issues of unpredictable...

The evolution of the Mayurakshi River Basin (MRB) is a complex process driven by the tectonic forces, climate change and the human interventions. In the era of Anthropocene, anthropogenic factors have emerged as the most intriguing factor of the recent evolutionary record of the MRB. The present chapter intends to relate the hydro-geomorphic change...

Traditional agriculture has a notable shift towards inland aquaculture driven by geo-environmental hazards and socio-economic choices. This shift is crucial for ensuring economic resiliency and food security. Therefore, the present study examines the transformation of agricultural land to inland aquaculture among the three community development (C....

Deltas continue to be an important habitat for human growth and well-being. In addition, deltas are the site of the greatest human migration in history and important drivers of the world economy. Researchers can address the dynamics of delta construction in the Anthropocene in our humid tropical deltas, which provide unique insights into environmen...

Human interventions in the form of riverbed sand mining are escalating worldwide, especially in the humid tropics with excess population pressure exerting an elevated demand for sand as construction materials. Naturally, channel morphological alterations are observed for the tropical fluvial systems to a large extent. The present work examines the...

Study region: Purulia district of Chotonagpur region, Eastern India. Study focus: Mapping regional water-stress due to climate change and human interventions received less attention in the previous works. Therefore, the eastern Chotonagpur region, one of the drought-prone areas of the world with mounting temperature and heat waves in the summer, is...

This study explores the nature and severity of drought in the Bengal Delta based on monthly precipitation data (1980–2020) and its future projections. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) with gamma probability function was employed to characterize drought, while a Random Forest (RF) model was adopted for drought forecasting for 2030 and 2050...

Evaluating fish habitat suitability (FHS) is of utmost importance in the present times, as rising pollution and ecological stress have led to the deterioration of their habitat and population. The present study has evaluated ecological water quality using the comprehensive pollution index (CPI), eutrophication index (EI), and organic pollution inde...

Escalated human interventions in the form of dams, barrages and recurrent tidal cycles are instrumental to understanding the planform metamorphosis of the major rivers of the world. However, the study of channel planform of the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) Delta rivers under varying tidal effects and damming is rare in the previous studies. The p...

Human interventions leading to effluent generation, which are critical threats to the environment. The Kolaghat Thermal Power Plant emits daily 7,500–8,000 metric tonnes of fly ash. Our investigation revealed fly ash deposition in the surrounding soil, containing high levels of copper (5.75 mg/kg) and iron (53.05 mg/kg). To evaluate the tolerance e...

Human interventions leading to effluent generation, which are critical threats to the environment. The Kolaghat Thermal Power Plant emits daily 7,500–8,000 metric tonnes of fly ash. Our investigation revealed fly ash deposition in the surrounding soil, containing high levels of copper (5.75 mg/kg) and iron (53.05 mg/kg). To evaluate the tolerance e...

The groundwater (GW) resource plays a central role in securing water supply in the coastal region of Bangladesh, and therefore, the future sustainability of this valuable resource is crucial for the area. However, there is limited research on the driving factors and prediction of phosphate concentration in groundwater. In this work, geostatistical...

River-road crossings are one of the basic infrastructures for rolling the wheels of development of the modern world facilitating connectivity and overcoming geographical obstacles. Their impacts on the hydro-geomorphology of the riverine landscape and the lotic habitat is a long concerning issue amongst scientists, planners and stakeholders. The co...

Water pollution is a major concern for a decaying river. Polluted water reduces ecosystem services and human use of rivers. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the irrigation suitability of the Jalangi River water. A total of 34 pre-selected water samples were gathered from the source to the sink of the Jalangi River with an interval of 10...

Tropical riverine floods have escalated their frequency and magnitude causing individual and community-level livelihood vulnerability, especially in the rural areas. Livelihood vulnerability induces social vulnerability in a community in the face of recurrent floods. Thus, while measuring livelihood vulnerability, the non-technocratic factors were...

The present study intends to divulge the complex drainage evolution in connection to neotectonic controls focusing the Jaldhaka and Raidak River interfluve on the eastern Himalayan Foreland Basin (HFB). It involves analysing the surface and sub-surface changes in the fluvial system's evolution with field and geospatial evidence bearing geomorphic m...

The decay of rivers and river water pollution are common problems worldwide. However, many works have been performed on decaying rivers in India, and the status of the water quality is still unknown in Jalangi River. To this end, the present study intends to examine the water quality of the Jalangi River to assess ecological status in both the spat...

The rapid population growth across the world escalates the demand for water for domestic and commercial uses, which converts freshwater resources into deficit conditions both quantitatively and qualitatively. Damodar Fan Delta, a semi-critical community development block dominated region, experiences immense population growth and is famous for irri...

In recent years groundwater contamination through nitrate contamination has increased rapidly in the managementof water research. In our study, fourteen nitrate conditioning factors were used, and multi-collinearity analysis is done. Among all variables, pH is crucial and ranked one, with a value of 0.77, which controls the nitrate concentration in...

The problem of desertification (DSF) is one of the most severe environmental disasters which influence the overall condition of the environment. In Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit on Environment and Development (1922), DSF is defined as arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid induced LD and that is adopted at the UNEP’s Nairobi ad hoc meeting in 1977. It ha...

Assessing river water quality is crucial for human and ecological needs because of the deterioration of the river and escalated water pollution under the threats of anthropogenic activities. In order to assess river water quality, the Damodar River water was evaluated from the perspectives of spatio-temporal dynamics of ecological (organic pollutio...

The increasing soil erosion (SE) and the associated problems for society, economy, and environment sparked a lot of interest in estimating and mapping SE at different basin scales. The estimation of SE exhibits that SE ranges from 10 to 50 t ha−1 yr⁻¹, with a mean SE of 20 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. The very steep slopes account for 54.21% of total soil loss. Th...

This chapter intends to deal with the economic vulnerabilities and livelihood crises. The economy of the Bengal Delta is still predominantly agro-based. It is inarguably true that the land-based agro-economy is affected by climate and natural hazards. Therefore, agricultural practice concentrated along the river banks due to fertile soil and availa...

This chapter focuses on the impact of bank erosion on channel planforms and channel morphology. The planform changes include meandering and braiding. In a river stretch with a high rate of bank erosion, meandering and braiding of channels are the most common features. Hence, this chapter unfolds how bank erosion is associated with the channel patte...

This chapter is concerned with the quantum of anthropogenic interventions on the pace of bank erosion. The Farakka Barrage Project (FBP) is the massive hydraulic control over the lower Ganga system in the Bengal Delta. The chapter intends to deal with the altered hydrologic regime due to the construction of the FBP and its impact on bank erosion in...

In reality, riverbank erosion is neither possible nor desirable to stop. Therefore, we have to go for a better understanding of the processes and their response mechanism. This calls for the future direction of research. Thus, this chapter focuses on the future challenges that include climate change, sea level rise, and sociocultural changes consid...

This chapter discusses the various coping strategies to absorb the shocks of bank erosion. The victims have adopted some indigenous measures at the community and individual levels. Besides, hard engineering measures like dyking, embankment, and levees along the river bank based on the principle of civil engineering mainly taken by the government ar...

This chapter depicts the nature of riverbank erosion research across the world with special emphasis on the Bengal Delta (Indo-Bangladesh region). On the global scale, the severity of riverbank erosion is maximum for the Bengal Delta because of its huge reservoir of population with intensive land use. Moreover, this chapter also aims to show the sp...

The third chapter deals with bank erosion as a natural geoecological process essential in maintaining the balance of nature. The typology of bank erosion and their associated mechanisms are discussed in general and Bengal Delta in particular. The factors (erodibility and erosivity) and mechanism of bank erosion are analyzed in detail. Furthermore,...

This chapter focuses on the societal aspects of bank erosion victims. Social pathology in relation to bank erosion can be investigated through deep roots and under current in destabilizing social bonds and family relations. Here, the social processes (group, intergroup, personal, and interpersonal) are examined to trace the changes in the social in...

The first chapter being the initial focus of this book inherently incorporates the concepts, ideas, and approaches to the river bank erosion. The perspective of bank erosion hazard studies is explored through different popular approaches like the natural approach, anthropogenic approach, hazard approach, and rational approach. The works at the glob...

Dear Colleagues, Special Issue "Flood Risk Assessment and Resilience for Sustainability" We cordially invite you to submit your valuable research paper to Sustainability Journal, MDPI (IF=3.889). Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2024 Studies may address, but are not limited to, the following: Application of Geospatial techniques...

Groundwater is an essential resource in the Sundarban regions of India and Bangladesh, but its quality is deteriorating due to anthropogenic impacts. However, the integrated factors affecting groundwater chemistry, source distribution, and health risk are poorly understood along the Indo-Bangla coastal border. The goal of this study is to assess gr...

Determining the degree of high groundwater arsenic (As) and fluoride (F⁻) risk is crucial for successful groundwater management and protection of public health, as elevated contamination in groundwater poses a risk to the environment and human health. It is a fact that several non-point sources of pollutants contaminate the groundwater of the multi...

The present study has been carried out on the water quality assessment of the three selected rivers with 10 sampling sites: Bhagirathi-Hooghly, Jalangi, and Mathabhanga-Churni located in the tropical region of India. The quality has been assessed based on the concentration of 14 parameters, two general water quality indices and two other ecological...

One of the most important aspects of the ‘sub-tropical’ monsoon-influenced environment is the issue of ‘soil erosion’ and its related ‘land degradation’. On the other hand, the climate in this area has become quite extreme. According to this viewpoint, it is important to research a future ‘soil erosion’ scenario in front of the probable effects of...

Developing countries usually lack environmental baseline information for territorial decision-making. Geomorphological maps constitute valuable tools for natural resource management due to the landforms permanence and dynamics creating interactions between biotic, abiotic, and anthropic unique characteristics worldwide. In this paper, we present an...

River water pollution and water-related health problems are common issues across the world. The present study aims to examine the Jalangi River’s water quality to assess its suitability for drinking purposes and associated human health risks. The 34 water samples were collected from the source to the mouth of Jalangi River in 2022 to depict the spa...

Escalation in flash floods and the enhanced devastations, especially in the arid and semiarid regions of the world has required precise mapping of the flash flood susceptible zones. In this study, we applied six novel credal decision tree (CDT)-based ensemble models—1. CDT, 2. CDT Alternative Decision Tree (ADTree), 3. CDT- Reduced Error Pruning Tr...

This work intends to understand the spatial variation of channel morphological adjustment over 30 years (1987-2017). This region lacks an understanding of local variation in structural setup (allogenic) and its relative impact on channel morphological development as well as in direct control of channel hydrology (autogenic) in shaping the channel m...

Social instabilities in the context of river erosion-accretion sequence are commonly observed across the world, especially in the areas with higher population density and lower per capita land. The Hotnagar char is situated along the Bhagirathi River in the Murshidabad district, West Bengal portrays social turbulence related to the occupancy of Cha...

During the Anthropocene, human modifications to fluvial landscapes have become a common aspect of their progress and development. The primary objective of this research is to delve into the human-induced alterations on fluvial landscapes at both the channel and basin scales. For channel scale investigation, we classify the channel cross-sections in...

The elevated concentrations of heavy metals in soil considerably threaten ecological and human health. To this end, the present study assesses metals pollution and its threat to ecology from the mid-channel bar’s (char) agricultural soil in the Damodar River basin, India. For this, the contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulat...

The process of riverbank erosion is often accelerated by natural events and anthropogenic activities leading to the transformation of this natural process to natural hazard. The present study aims to calculate past, present, and future riverbank erosion and accretion (EA) rates using an automated digital shoreline analysis system (DSAS) model of th...

The rivers flowing over the Quaternary foreland plains of the Himalayas embody a history of hyper-avulsiveness. The present study is an attempt to identify a major flow trajectory of the Torsa River and the dynamics of the major flow path during the Holocene. This study is focused on identifying the major distributive system of the Torsa River, act...

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are two major atmospheric pollutants that significantly threaten human health, the environment, and ecosystems worldwide. Despite this, only some studies have investigated the spatiotemporal hotspots of NO2 and SO2, their trends, production, and sources in Asia. Our study presents a literature review...

The present study evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the water quality of a tropical lake (East Kolkata Wetland or EKW, India) along with seasonal change using Landsat 8 and 9 images of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform. The research focuses on detecting, monitoring, and predicting water quality in the EKW region...

Study region: The Damodar Fan Delta, West Bengal, India. Study focus: The depletion of groundwater resources worldwide is escalating due to its profuse demand for drinking, irrigation, domestic, and industrial uses. Overexploitation of groundwater in a subtropical fan delta region with rapid population growth like the Damodar Fan Delta in India is...

Dominant discharge is one of the most important concerns of geomorphologists, hydraulic engineers and other earth scientists but its definition is not very clear. Data on discharge, gauge height, and sediment load of the Tilga gauge station of the Sankh River (India)collected from a secondary source was processed to estimate dominant discharge in t...

A few years back, when travelling flooded Bengal, a graduate student from Ahmed Draia University said, ‘You have too many water resources to manage, but we die from dehydration’. He uttered the serious truth of the Earth’s extreme contrast of climate. Rather, extreme contrast of all – the soil, the water, the air, the life and the living. In India,...

Floods are frequently occurring hazards in the Himalayan foothills that primarily affect the physical environment and socio-economic profile of the local people. To this end, we used some data-driven models and techniques such as multi-criteria decision analysis, bivariate statistical method, machine learning, and sub-watershed prioritization by mo...

A basic fluvio-dynamics process in the sediment-energy fluxes is channel meandering and braiding. The construction of dams and barrages has primarily altered the meandering and braiding patterns of the world's large rivers. To this end, the present study aims to analyze post-dam planform characteristics of the Damodar River, a subtropical river in...

The present work intends to portray the impact of the flood on the agrarian decline and socio-infrastructural vulnerability in a tropical river basin like the Mayurakshi River Basin (MRB), India. The study has been carried out based on the questionnaire survey over 2366 households spreading over 43 villages and 2 municipality wards across the 5 com...

Flood vulnerability mapping is a significant footstep for policymakers for disaster management as well as water resource management and restoration. In this research, we analyzed the morphometric parameters sub-watersheds prioritization (MPSWP) of the river Kaljani basin for flood susceptibility zone identification. Characteristics of this Himalaya...

Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) Delta is the world’s one of the most populated regions and has the highest concentration of population affected by floods. Millions of people become displaced and tens to hundreds die each year of the flood incident. Floods of the GBM delta are primarily because by heavy rains and the cyclonic storm is in second. Alth...

Complex channel planform especially the dynamics of the multi-thread river is empirically examined using the three major dimensions – bar growth, channel length and channel count. To this end, many indices have been proposed to deal with the complex channel response in the context of sediment-energy synergistic scenarios. The existing methods are p...

The study of human behaviour and perceptions regarding flood management strategies can help enhance the adaptive capacity of flood victims. An in-depth questionnaire survey was executed over a statistically significant sample size of 2382 households to assess the perception of flood victims regarding 27 parameters of existing flood management strat...

The COVID-19 era has profoundly affected everyday human life, the environment, and freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Despite the numerous influences, a strict COVID-19 lockdown might improve the surface water quality and thus provide an unprecedented opportunity to restore the degraded freshwater resource. Therefore, we intend to investigate the spa...

Groundwater is vital for human beings for different purposes including drinking and irrigation uses. The present study aims to evaluate the groundwater quality for irrigation purposes and determines the physical-chemical parameters of groundwater in the Hooghly district. In this regard, physical-chemical properties including major cations and anion...

This study aims to analyze physio-chemical water quality parameters of the surface and bottom water of Damodar River and its major tributaries for assessing the water quality for drinking purposes and human health risk analysis. The water samples are mostly characterized by bi-carbonate type as portrayed through Piper trilinear plot and river water...

A basic fluvio-dynamics process in the sediment-energy fluxes is channel meandering and braiding. The construction of dams and barrages has primarily altered the meandering and braiding patterns of the world's large rivers. To this end, the present study aims to analyze post-dam planform characteristics of the Damodar River, a subtropical river in...

The present work investigates the hydrochemical properties of the surface and groundwater of the Mayurakshi River Basin (India) for assessing their irrigation suitability with respect to irrigation hazards. The study involves 72 water samples classified as 48 surface water samples (pre-monsoon: 24; post-monsoon: 24) and 24 groundwater samples (pre-...

This book addresses the various factors affecting fluvial systems, the processes governing them, system responses arising from human-nature interventions, and geospatial and geo-ecological modeling to understand system behaviour better and restore degraded ecosystems around the globe. Thanks to their hydrological and agro-ecological advantages, hum...

In the Anthropocene, humans exert a geomorphic force that now rivals that of the natural Earth. Human disturbance of different types at different scales in river systems is a consequence of the perceived needs of human populations; however, these needs have to be in consonance with the needs of the river itself. For instance, the river requires its...

Groundwater from the coastal alluvial plain is the primary water source in coastal areas. Its contaminants, such as nitrate and fluoride, are significant concerns for freshwater supply and human health issues. Although spatiotemporal variability of nitrate and fluoride levels has been analyzed individually in the Indo-Bangladesh coastal region, the...