
Azli Abd RazakMARA University of Technology | UiTM · School of Mechanical Engineering
Azli Abd Razak
Doctor of Engineering (Kyushu University)
About
90
Publications
36,279
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Introduction
Ir Ts Dr AZLI ABD RAZAK has a PhD degree in (Computational Wind Engineering) from Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Kyushu University Japan. His research interest was in Building Physic, Environment and Energy. HE currently active doing a research in IAQ, Outdoor ventilation and Thermal comfort.
Additional affiliations
Education
April 2010 - March 2013
December 2002 - May 2004
September 1998 - April 2001
Publications
Publications (90)
The purpose of this study is to review and improve prediction models for wind speed ratios at pedestrian level with simplified urban canopies. We adopted an extensive database of velocity fields under various conditions for arrays consisting of cubes, slender or flattened rectangles, and rectangles with varying roughness heights. Conclusions are su...
Malaysia buildings have high intensity of solar radiation and high daily air temperature. Due to excessive heat and high air temperature can cause discomfort, and the occupants need to use the airconditioning system. The use of airconditioning has influence to increasing the energy consumption in buildings. To tackle this issue, the Overall Thermal...
This bibliometric study employs a rigorous approach to scrutinize and visually represent the existing body of literature on indoor air quality (IAQ). Utilizing the Scopus collection database, we conducted an exhaustive exploration of published research literature in the IAQ field. The study involves a thorough visual analysis using Harzing's Publis...
The use of RANS (Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) simulations to study airflow over cross-ventilated buildings has been widely performed under both isolated and sheltered conditions. For a sheltered environment, great efforts still need to be made as few studies have been conducted on cross-ventilated buildings, located far downstream of the urban...
Energy consumption in higher education buildings is huge due to their large number of buildings and population. Within the educational buildings, university campuses have complex functions by providing space for various activities and disciplines. University campuses with library building have different features and changing energy needs compared t...
Apart from indoor environmental and personal factors, contextual factors have significantly influenced several thermal comfort studies. In air-conditioned spaces, thermal comfort is conveniently attainable by adjusting the temperature settings, but indoor design elements might alter thermal perceptions and provide adaptive opportunities. This study...
IAQ is a crucial factor affecting the health, comfort, and productivity of workers, particularly those working in enclosed spaces like bank offices. This study aimed to evaluate the IAQ of a bank office’s operational area and vault by analyzing concentrations of CO2, TVOC, PM10, and PM2.5, as well as temperature, relative humidity, and air movement...
This paper analyses skilled workers’ heat stress and noise exposure levels at a pressure vessel manufacturing plant. Measurements were conducted at three partially enclosed workspaces of the plant where hot work and metal fabrications were conducted using a multi-function thermal environment data logger and a sound level recorder. A survey was deve...
This study aims to characterize the indoor air environment in small and medium food
enterprises (SMEs), as studies in this area are scarce. Methods: A series of field measurements were conducted to investigate the IAQ at 14 SMEs selected in Pulau Pinang for three different cooking methods (frying, boiling, and baking). Data on environmental percept...
A semi-open street canyon is able to protect pedestrians from unpleasant situations such as direct sunlight and rain. However, the protruding elements of the two opposite building facades that form the semi-open configuration can affect the air quality of the urban canopy layer (UCL). Therefore, this paper investigated the influence of the eave str...
This study was conducted on the thermal comfort of sedentary work at six air-conditioned bank offices in the hot and humid environment of Malaysia. This study aims to investigate the perceptions of thermal comfort and to determine the comfort temperature of the air for bank office employees. Air temperature, relative humidity and air velocity were...
These days, the problems of the energy crisis and environmental pollution are rapidly getting worse. As a result, using renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and ocean energy serves as an alternative to the current conventional energy. The fastest-growing renewable energy source to produce electricity is ocean wave energy, which is also pollut...
Overcooling indoor spaces in hot-and-humid regions indicate excessive usage of air conditioner (AC). Understanding the occupants' thermal perception in AC settings helps navigate the cooling energy required. This study investigated thermal comfort in biased and non-biased environments and examined the occupants’ preferences. Four set-point temperat...
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is an important element for a healthy working environment. Working in poor IAQ can lead to sick building syndrome (SBS) with symptoms and troublesome to concentrate in delivering the task. In this study, a preliminary IAQ investigation was carried out at a teaching foundry facility of a higher learning institution in Malays...
A simulation study using Fire Dynamic Simulation (FDS) has been conducted on a simplified car park model. As this work aims to analyse the effectiveness of natural ventilation in the dissipation of smoke, all models' dimensions and opening size corresponded to the Uniform Building by Law (UBBL) 1984 requirements, which allowed the models to be with...
In this rapidly evolved environment, there is a high risk of construction projects exposed to uncertainty due to accumulation of many interrelated parameters, especially the Mechanical and Electrical (M&E) construction projects. This research aims to apply specific analytic tools to assess risks involved in the M&E construction projects. The resear...
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) may come from various field of studies and normally it is related to the air quality level inside a building. Other than building, vehicle cabin can also be considered as one of the indoor spaces and it is known as Vehicle Indoor Air Quality (VIAQ). Recently, vehicle has become one of the most important requirements for a l...
Increases in the number of elderly populations have raised some concerns on their safety during emergency situations. The elderlies’ limited physical capability increases the chances of injuries or even casualties during evacuations. As buildings are normally designed as vertical structures, descending staircases becomes a major issue with the elde...
A Mobile Offshore Production Unit (MOPU) is any type of portable structure that can be reused when procuring oil and gas from the seabed. There are few reasons why MOPU is chosen over the conventional fixed offshore platforms, mainly due to its ability to be installed and relocated in a short period, low installation, and abandonment cost, and prov...
Difficulties in controlling the effects of outdoor thermal environment on the human body are attracting considerable research attention. This study investigated the outdoor thermal comfort of urban pedestrians by assessing their perceptions of the tropical, micrometeorological, and physical conditions via a questionnaire survey. Evaluation of the o...
The study on evacuation safety often an emphasis on the total evacuation time where only few research consider the distance and path needed for evacuee to evacuate the building. Thus, this study focuses on the maximum and average travelling distance need for the elderly and other evacuees in the multi-storey residential building. Pathfinder softwar...
Public multi-storey residential buildings in Malaysia are dependent on the passive design approach to ensure maximum safety during an emergency. Elements of escape route design include corridors, exits and staircases. This paper evaluates the escape route distance and duration for the elderly to evacuate the building to safety using Pathfinder simu...
Climate in Malaysia is heavily influenced by monsoon seasons, where the wind speed pattern is inconsistent and highly unsteady. Existing commercial wind turbines are only designed to accommodate high wind speed regions. In order to harvest energy in Malaysia, design modification is required on conventional wind turbine blade. This paper presents an...
Many studies have been conducted to assess the effects of indoor air quality (IAQ) on human health. However, there is still a lack of studies available about the adverse health effects on children’s respiratory health at Child Care Centers (CCC). The aim of this paper was to investigate the risk factors for respiratory symptoms and identify the roo...
The pedestrian level is an important area where most of the human activities occur in this area such as walking, reading, and cycling. Along with the pedestrian activities, there are small street shops are builds and presences of the vehicle at the street canyon where people park their cars in this area. This study aims to investigate the effect of...
The aim of this paper is to report the findings of indoor air quality study at childcare
centers in Malaysia. Modified American Thoracic Society and the Division of Lung
Diseases (ATS-DLD-78) questionnaire was used to gather information from parents
regarding their children’s respiratory symptoms. IAQ parameters were measured for
air temperature, h...
Staircase evacuation has always been a popular topic as today’s buildings are mostly dependent on the staircase for vertical transportation. This paper discussed the effect of open staircase position and width towards evacuation duration and distance. To simulate a real emergency situation, an experimental study needed to be conducted by using path...
IHL (Institute of Higher Learning) library building is greatly utilized to access information from IT connection and materials. This building as a place to study, reading and writing for students and academics in the university. However, the indoor air quality and lighting system in the library building is not comfort and not satisfactory. In this...
The present study is intended to evaluate an outdoor thermal comfort at two universities campus in Malaysia. Field measurement and questionnaire survey were conducted simultaneously to assess the microclimatic condition and pedestrian thermal sensation. A total of 3033 samples were collected at seven different sky view factor (SVF) values that rang...
Educational building is the biggest contributor for energy consumption because to provide comfort and suitable workplace to learn. The energy consumption of air conditioning system reaches about 60% of the educational building especially for the hot and humid weather in Malaysia. In recent years, the issue of energy consumption in the building sect...
Thermal comfort is an important parameter in determining the pedestrian satisfaction dealing with daily routine activities in the outdoor environment. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the outdoor thermal comfort of an urban university campus in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Thermal comfort assessment is done by the field measureme...
Emergency safety factor in buildings is the least achieved element as highlighted in many studies. Poor safety factor could affect a building's evacuation process as the evacuees are exposed to a greater danger. Thus, this paper focuses on highlighting the common issues raised in public housing and how they affect the evacuation process, through ob...
The Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang (UiTMCPP) library building was consists of three-story including office, reading area, multi-media room, and meeting room. Based on the library record where the average number of students coming to the library is 257 students per day. In other words for an hour, only 17 students have come to the l...
Todays, the buildings in Malaysia consume more energy demand compared to the industry and transportation. Building in Malaysia especially the educational buildings consume a large amount of energy such as electricity. One of the educational buildings is a library and it requires more electricity to ensure the comfort of the occupants and the qualit...
This present study focused on the performance of net flow rate inside closed loop mechanical circulatory system with single and double pinching impedance pumps which generates a unidirectional flow of fluid around closed loop of soft viscoelastic tubing. The experimental setup consisted of viscoelastic tubing connected between two ends of rigid tub...
The rapid increase in the number of multi-storey residential buildings has raised concerns
on the provision of escape route design. Statistics from the Fire and Rescue Department
Malaysia showed a high number of casualties involved elderlies when there is a fire. This
paper studies expert opinions on the suitability of escape route design for elder...
The range of students' classroom-based activities is generally restricted; therefore, individuals have limited options for adjusting themselves to the indoor thermal environment. This study investigated the comfort temperature and adaptive behaviour of university students in Malaysia and Japan. Classrooms in three universities (Universiti Teknologi...
Pedestrian level in the urban area is an important area where most of pedestrians’ activities occur at this level. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate effects of various building layouts on mean wind speed ratio at the pedestrian level. The mean wind speed ratio at the pedestrian level was analysed in order to determine whether t...
Ventilation is the process of exchanging air in a closed space to provide good indoor air quality. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become one of the most important and reliable tools to assess natural ventilation. This paper presents the effect of wind direction on temperature and velocity inside a building with outlet windows at leeward wal...
Malaysia experiences hot and humid climate all year round, causing people to rely on Heating, Ventilation, and AirConditioning (HVAC) system for cooling purpose. This is no exception in educational arning and teaching activities. This study aimed to estimate the neutral temperature of university building occupants based on field measurements, then...
Displacement ventilation (DV) has been found to be effective in cooling large indoor spaces, but its effectiveness in providing thermal comfort in tropical buildings requires more detailed analysis to be made. This study examines the thermal environment in a lecture hall cooled via DV using FloEFD, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. A c...
This study applied a Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach with Renormalization Group (RNG) k- turbulence model on a simplified cubical array with uniform height arranged in square layout to study the effect of different opening position on wind-induced ventilation performance in urban area. Nine different cross opening configurations loc...
Conventional generators are heavy, noisy, high maintenance and use fuel to generate electricity. This has led many individuals to pursue alternative power sources. Solar power has been at the forefront of the push because of its reliability and viability. The aim of this paper is to present a new backpack solar generator for locally use stand-alone...
Emerging tropical countries, such as Malaysia, are not an exception when it comes to pedestrian wind comfort issues resulting from rapid urbanization. Kuala Lumpur, in particular, is still experiencing density growth in its centre with high-rise, skyscrapers continuing to be built. It is assumed that wind flow is deflected and disturbed due to new...
Wind flow in the urban boundary layer is influenced by both large- and small-scale surface roughness. In this study, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations using the renormalisation group (RNG) k-? model were performed to study the wind flow in square arrays with small-scale roughness elements at the front and back of cubical obstacles at pack...
In the automotive industry indoor air quality or Vehicle Indoor Air Quality (VIAQ) are caused by various substances emitted from interior materials inside a vehicle. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an example of emitted substances from the interior materials which is harmful to the human body. As stated by previous researches, there is a...
A properly designed window openings is necessary parameter in order to provide effective wind-induced natural ventilation in a built-up area with densely-packed buildings. Hence, this study applied a Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach with Renormalization Group (RNG) k-ε turbulence model on a simplified cubical array arranged in square...
A child with the flu, diphtheria, meningitis, hand, foot and mouth diseases, measles, cough and pneumonia with one coughs can generate airborne contaminant. In addition to infectious agents and other emissions from the occupants, airborne contaminants in indoor can originate from indoor and outdoor. Normally, the concentration level of indoor air p...
A field study was done on the thermal comfort of seven air-conditioned university classrooms in the hot and humid climate of Malaysia. The aims of this paper are to investigate the perceptions of thermal comfort and the adaptation method of students in air-conditioned classrooms. In total, 189 respondents from the classrooms completed the questionn...
This paper reviews the progress made in outdoor wind environment and outdoor ventilation at pedestrian level in urban area for the past few decades until today. The focus is on the effect of wind on people at pedestrian level and how the urban geometry can influence the flow field around the building. Section 1 explains the effect of natural wind e...
In a typical urban area where buildings are built in a cluster with random spacing, the distribution of the wind pressure on a building is influenced by interference effects from neighbouring buildings, which could ultimately affect the wind-induced ventilation across the building. Large-eddy simulations (LESs) were conducted for six cases of stagg...
The development of high rise buildings has been shifting to sub-urban area due to
the limitation of space and increasing property prices in the urban area. The growth
of high rise buildings in sub-urban area might affect the mean wind speed and flow
structure in the urban area. Apart of that, with the rise in population the setback
distance, d, bet...
Urban ventilation is recognized as effective countermeasure on air pollution and urban heat island, yet most tropical urban areas receive low annual mean wind velocity thus lessening potential for urban ventilation. Effect of built form on resulting mean wind velocity at pedestrian-level was analyzed through computational fluid dynamics (CFD)to ass...
An approach of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) modelling in fire safety strategy has gained a good result recognised by researchers and professional engineer. This paper describes the analysis of CO2 and temperature distribution inside the multipurpose hall. A fire load of 5 MW and 10 MW was considered as the fire source. Three fire locations sel...
Similar to most tropical countries, Malaysia have low wind speed and airflow characteristics to provide an effective natural ventilation system for comfortable living especially in terrace houses. Even so, by designing them with suitable threshold height/width, H/W, ratio may help reduce heat sink, or even the accumulation of contaminants within th...
Graphical abstract Abstract Urban development has become very alarming with the rise of population especially in regions with weak wind such as countries in the tropics like Malaysia. The highly dense structures make it difficult to provide effective ventilation from heat, pollutions, dusts and even bacteria. With time, it will caused the urban are...
Graphical abstract Abstract Urban ventilation is important for the purpose of pollution dispersion, indoor ventilation for free running buildings and urban thermal comfort. In comparison to suburban cities, high-density cities have very low wind speeds at pedestrian level due to the densely built buildings blocking the wind and creating stagnant zo...
The wind speeds in pedestrian spaces for staggered rectangular block arrays derived from large-eddy simulations are analyzed to model the urban pedestrian wind environment. The authors defined the area within 3 m of block walls as the pedestrian space and compared wind speeds in it under various geometric conditions. According to the result, the wi...
The wind-induced ventilation performance of a building could be negatively affected by neighbouring buildings. It is therefore important to study the impact of surrounding buildings on wind flow, in order to design an effective cross ventilation system. Based on a model validation exercise, Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach was used w...
The wind-induced ventilation performance of a building could be negatively affected by neighbouring buildings. It is therefore important to study the impact of surrounding buildings on wind flow, in order to design an effective cross ventilation system. Based on a model validation exercise, Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach was used w...
The modification of flow pattern and mean wind profile in a built-up area due to upstream buildings can be quiet significant on the breathability of an urban area. Due to this circumstance, this paper aims to numerically evaluate the effects of the upstream building configuration and the upstream distance on the upwind building area at pedestrian l...