Azis Boing Sitanggang

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Verified

Azis verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• Dr.-Ing
• Professor, Head of Innovative Food and Bioprocessing Laboratory at IPB University

Due to the feasibility of running continuous enzymatic reaction and product separation in a single operation, enzymatic membrane reactors (EMRs) are increasingly applied in the areas of biotechnology, (bio)chemistry, agro-food, and energy. By the use of different membrane cut-offs, enhanced separation selectivity can be obtained during the producti...

This study investigates the continuous production of bioactive peptides from fermented velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) using a cost-effective enzymatic membrane reactor. The optimal operating conditions for continuous hydrolysis were residence time of 9 h, enzyme-to-substrate ratio of 10%, and the use of a 5-kDa PES membrane for separation. The resul...

One of the main challenges hindering the commercialization of bioactive peptides is the lack of scalable and consistent production methods. To overcome this obstacle, an automated enzyme membrane reactor was used to continuously produce bioactive peptides from velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens). The optimum operating conditions were [E]/[S] = 5%, pH = 7...

This study investigated the stability and rheological properties of multiphase systems comprising red palm oil and water, with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) as stabilizers. Multiphase systems with 60% and 70% (v/v) oil contents exhibited excellent physical stability. To achieve a stable multiphase system, a 60% (v/v) oil content required 1.50% (w/...

The proposal for the regulation of sugar, salt, and fat (SSF) in Indonesia aims to address the high prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which account for 73% of current mortality rates, with cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes being the leading causes. The background highlights the comparison of S...

The development of edible insects, especially Orthoptera orders such as crickets and grasshoppers/locusts, as alternative protein sources continue to grow through various preparations such as flour, concentrates, and isolates to support future food security. The objective of this research was to explore the protein extraction techniques and optimal...

Ulvan, a sulfated polysaccharide derived from Ulva sp., has potential as a hydrocolloid owing to its rheological properties, which are crucial for its application as a food additive. However, limited information is available on the effects of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) period on the rheological properties of ulvan. This study investig...

Terasi is a traditional fermented product that is popularly used as condiment in several Indonesian cuisines. Based on its raw materials, namely shrimp and marine fish, terasi provides a substrate for various protease-producing microorganisms. This study aimed to isolate protease-producing bacteria from terasi and to assess their crude enzyme as me...

Bioactive peptides are short chains of amino acids that have positive effects on health. Snakehead fish (Channa striata) is rich in protein, essential amino acids, and micronutrients that are beneficial for health. This species is widely found in Indonesian waters, including swamps, rivers, and lakes, and has been utilized in pharmaceuticals. The m...

Partially pregelatinized sago starch (PPSS) and a red rice-sago fibre mixture were investigated for their effects on the functional properties of sago analog rice. Five PPSS:sago starch ratios were tested, each mixed with 33% red rice and 7% sago fibre. Extrusion was performed without precooking using specific process conditions. The addition of 15...

Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to increase the viable cell and biomass production of a potential probiotic strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DLBSK207, by optimizing the ideal concentrations of key nutrients and fermentation conditions parameters using statistical method. such as (RSM) with Box-Behnken Design (BBD). Materia...

Soybeans contain antioxidants and are a rich source of proteins. Germination of soybeans improves the bioavailability of nutrients and reduces the content of antinutritional compounds. Moreover, lactic acid fermentation of high-protein foods, such as soybeans, can produce bioactive peptides. Therefore, this study aimed to produce bioactive peptides...

Salted egg white desalination is a method of reducing salt levels while optimising protein yield. This study aimed to analyse the effects of membrane pore size and dilution levels on the quantity of protein and salts. The identification of rheological properties and the type of fouling that occurs during the salted egg white desalination process we...

Rusip is a spontaneously fermented anchovy product originating from Bangka Belitung province in Indonesia, used as umami seasoning. This study investigated the characteristics of rusip and its umami fractions to reveal umami peptides in rusip. Six commercial rusip samples from Bangka were analyzed for their proximate composition, pH, total titratab...

Indonesia silken tofu dessert is a traditional dish made from silken tofu and ginger sauce. To enhance its shelf life, this study explored the development of silken tofu dessert into a powdered form. Traditionally, silken tofu is coagulated using calcium sulfate (CaSO₄), but there has been little research on the optimal concentration of CaSO₄ neces...

Objectives The study aimed to present the current trend during the 10 years study in the valorization of brewers’ spent grain (BSG) derived compounds in food products from processing, nutritional improvement, and sensory acceptability. Results The study discovered that BSG-derived compounds have been used in a variety of food products such as brea...

Sago starch from Bangka, Riau, and Papua could be increased in added value through the extrusion process without a die. This study aims to explore the physicochemical properties of sago starch classifed based on its origin in Indonesia, namely Bangka, Riau, and Papua, including the same properties of its extruded product, namely partially pregelati...

This study aims to obtain the characteristics of PPSS as a binder extruded in a twin-screw extruder (TSE) without a die under 9 extrusion conditions selected from a systematic review. The Successive conditions: moisture content, last zone of barrel temperature, and screw speed for each condition were recorded. Respectively, the values were 32%, 60⁰...

This study evaluated the physicochemical and thermal properties of modified sorghum flour. The modified sorghum flour was obtained through extrusion -enzymatic treatment using thermostable-α amylase at various feed moisture levels. The results showed that unmodified sorghum flour had the average chemical composition of sample being 87.06% carbohydr...

This study investigated the effect of commercial sterilisation treatment (121 °C for 15 min) on durian rind pectin. The change of structure was observed by NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and the antibacterial activity was assessed by microdilution method to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value. NMR spectra revealed the rhamnoga...

Kopyor coconut is one of Indonesia's origin germplasms that has a high economic value. Theflesh of the kopyor coconuts is quickly damaged characterized by rancidity due to the presence of microorganisms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of blanching and freeze-drying processes, considering the factors of drying duration and pressure, on t...

Sago starch from Bangka, Riau, and Papua could be increased in added value through the extrusion process without a die. This study aims to explore the physicochemical properties of sago starch classified based on its origin in Indonesia, namely Bangka, Riau, and Papua, including the same properties of its extruded product, namely partially pregelat...

Sago starch from Bangka, Riau, and Papua could be increased in added value through the extrusion process without a die. This study aims to explore the physicochemical properties of sago starch classified based on its origin in Indonesia, namely Bangka, Riau, and Papua, including the same properties of its extruded product, namely partially pregelat...

The present study aimed to investigate the in-vitro antidiabetic activity of collagen hydrolysate (CH) from Asian bullfrog skin and its application as a bioactive compound in dark chocolate bars. Papain (3% [w/w]) was used to obtain CH with a simultaneous conjunction of ultrasound. CH possessed α-amylase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 3....

Rumput laut merupakan komoditas perikanan yang memiliki bioaktivitas sebagai antioksidan dan dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pangan fungsional. Antioksidan alami semakin diminati karena dinilai memiliki tingkat keamanan lebih baik. Aktivitas antioksidan dari rumput laut dengan metode pengujian 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) pada beberapa tahun te...

Garlic (Allium sativum) oleoresin is susceptible to damage such as easily volatile and oxidized. It also has low solubility in water. Microencapsulation process is expected to overcome the disadvantages. The aim of this study was to obtain garlic oleoresin microcapsules through twin-screw extrusion process. The study was done by determining the sui...

Velvet beans are potential sources of parent proteins for bioactive peptide production. In this study, a combination of fermentation and neutrase-catalyzed continuous hydrolysis in an enzymatic membrane reactor was performed to produce antioxidative and angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEi) peptides. The optimum operating conditions wer...

Determining viscosity and critical concentrations is essential for industrial application of pectin solution. Critical concentration can be determined rheologically based on zero shear viscosity , apparent viscosity, specific viscosity, and consistency index of dilute polymer solution. Direct experimental comparison of the aforementioned methods fo...

Beneng Taro is a type of taro found in Banten agricultural but has not been appropriately utilized. The drying process is critical since temperature changes will result in various properties. This research aimed to evaluate the rheology and functional characteristics of starch and flour made from Beneng Taro dried in the sunlight and hot air as sus...

Cinnamic acid is a phenolic compound that has the potential to act as a natural antioxidant. Cinnamic acid esterification can be performed by adding alcohol as an alkyl group donor. This esterification is carried out to increase the antioxidant capacity of cinnamic acid. Esterification of cinnamic acid with butanol as the alkyl group donor was the...

Winged bean seeds are a source of vegetable protein and other important nutrients, and have the potential to be developed into ready-to-eat food to increase the level of consumption in society. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different levels of sterilization (F0) on the proximate composition of canned winged bean seeds. T...

Different modes of ultrasound-assisted process (UAP) enhance pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) extraction and affect characteristics of PSC. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and characteristics of PSC extracted from Asian bullfrog skin using different modes of UAP (pretreatment (UP) and simultaneous treatment (US)) and ultrasonication times (1...

Refined palm oil contains contaminants such as 3-monochloropropane diol ester (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl ester (GE) which are formed from diacylglycerol (DAG) and chloride (Cl) as precursors during processing. There is a need to control the levels of precursors especially during the bleaching stage using selected bleaching earth (BE). Reducing the numb...

The relationship between molecular weight (MW) and antibacterial activity of depolymerised polysaccharides has often been inconsistent. Therefore, a meta‐analysis was performed to elucidate the effectiveness of depolymerisation methods in improving the antibacterial capabilities of polysaccharides. Chitosan was the most studied polysaccharide (65.5...

Nucleoside analogues are important compounds for the treatment of viral infections or cancers. While (chemo-)enzymatic synthesis is a valuable alternative to traditional chemical methods, the feasibility of such processes is lowered by the high production cost of the biocatalyst. As continuous enzyme membrane reactors (EMR) allow the use of biocata...

Whey powder, an industrial by-product, has the potential to be transformed into functional ingredients using the Maillard reaction. In this study, this chemical reaction occurred between whey powder and tempeh protein extract, resulting in increased antioxidant activity. This study aimed to isolate the Maillard reaction products (MRP) with the best...

Cinnamic acid is a phenolic compound with the potential to act as a natural antioxidant. Cinnamic acid esterification can be performed by adding a long-chain alcohol to one of its hydroxyl groups to improve its antioxidant activity. In this study, cinnamic esters were synthesized in an enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR) and were carried out continuou...

The physical stability of a whey protein (WP)-stabilized red palm oil (RPO) emulsion as affected by the type and concentration of WP used was evaluated by monitoring the changes in its droplet characteristics after storage and accelerated testing. Emulsions containing 30% (v/v) RPO were stabilized by WP isolate 90 (WPI), WP concentrate 80 (WPC80),...

Whey is a major waste generated by the dairy industry. Lactose makes up around 70% of total whey. One alternative to whey valorization is lactulose synthesis from whey lactose. Currently, prebiotic lactulose synthesis receives a higher interest and is being studied intensively due to its functional characteristics and is also part of whey or lactos...

Mucuna bean (Mucuna pruriens L.) is a legume having high protein content which has the potential as a source of bioactive peptides. One of the bioactive peptides is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, thus, mucuna beans might be used as a potential source of antihypertensive compounds. This study aimed to increase the functionality of...

Partially Pregelatinized Starch (PPS) is an extrudate of extrusion process which can be used as a binder in processed foods. In this investigation, a systematic review (SR) on the twin-screw extruder (TSE) optimum condition to produce PPS derived from sago starch and other different starches is presented. The systematic review is conducted by follo...

The objective of this study was to investigate into the physical stability of whey protein (WP)-stabilized red palm oil (RPO) emulsions based on rheological properties such flow behaviour, viscoelastic properties, apparent viscosity (ηapp), and linear viscoelastic range limits (LVE). RPO emulsification was stabilized by three types WP with differen...

ABSTRAK Kulit umbi singkong merupakan salah satu limbah dari industri pengolahan singkong. Eksplorasi dari pemanfaatan selulosa kulit umbi singkong dilakukan untuk mendapatkan peningkatan nilai tambah dan menjawab kebutuhan industri, salah satunya adalah selobiosa sebagai alternatif sumber prebiotik. Selobiosa didapatkan melalui hidrolisis selulosa...

Pulsed electric field (PEF) is a technology that can preserve milk into dairy products with sensory quality similar to fresh milk. Adoption of PEF at industrial level is challenging due to the various variables that may influence the microbial inactivation studies. This review aimed to quantify the inactivation effect by PEF on microbial population...

Tofu whey is a by-product obtained during tofu production that contains proteins and peptides, soluble carbohydrates, soy isoflavone, and minerals. This research aimed to characterize the functional properties of whey protein from tofu through separation using membranes with different pore sizes. The permeate resulted from Whatman No. 3 filtration...

Pola konsumsi pangan pokok masyarakat menjadi salah satu penyebab defisiensi mikronutrien dimana proporsi konsumsi nasi mencapai 51–60 persen, sedangkan beras sosoh hanya mengandung 1 mgFe dan 0,63 mg Zn/100 gram. Salah satu upaya penanggulangan defisiensi mikronutrien adalah denganpengembangan beras analog. Proses produksi dan pemilihan bahan baku...

Lipase-catalyzed transesterification between refined bleached deodorized palm olein (RBDO) and palm kernel oil (RBDPKO) has been investigated to produce medium-long-medium structured lipid (MLM-SL). The synthesis was catalyzed by a specific sn-1,3 commercial lipase (Lipozyme TL IM) in batch and continuous systems. Progress of the transesterificatio...

Antioxidants are essential in maintaining physical health as they reduce the adverse effects caused by free radical attacks. Free radicals involve in many oxidation processes in the body and may lead to malfunctions of tissues, resulting in degenerative diseases. This article comprehensively reviews the possible mechanisms of lactic acid bacteria (...

Pectin critical concentration is a parameter that determines the effectiveness of pectin as a thickening and gelling agent. A lower critical concentration indicates the ease of a particular hydrocolloid to thicken the solution or form gel. From the industrial point of view, this is of interest as it entails a lower production cost. This review exam...

Rice bran and banana flour contain nutrients and bioactive compounds that have potential to be used for the development of functional food, such as breakfast cereal. The study is aimed to develope functional breakfast cereal from corn flour (54%, 59%, 64%), rice bran (20%), and banana flour (10%) (raja bandung and kepok) with the addition of coconu...

Tepung beras pecah kulit berkecambah dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan fungsional karena mengandung senyawa γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) dan komponen bioaktif lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh waktu perendaman terhadap profil pasting dan komponen bioaktif tepung beras pecah kulit berkecambah. Perkecambahan dilakukan...

Keywords antioxidant activity, Maillard reaction, water-soluble tempeh extract, whey powder. The high amino acid content in over fermented tempeh and lactose in whey powder can be combined to perform a Maillard reaction. This strategy can be used to produce functional food products. Like the Maillard reaction products,, melanoidins have been report...

The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of flakes rice made pigmented and non-pigmented glutinous rice grain on chemical composition, fatty acid, amino acid, dietary fiber, and antioxidant properties. Flakes glutinous rice (FGR) made glutinous rice grain that has been pre-roasted and then flattened. This product contains an end...

Human milk fat substitute (HMFS) is a structured lipid designed to resemble human milk fat. It contains 60-70 % palmitic acid at the sn-2 position and unsaturated fatty acids at the sn-1,3 positions in triacylglycerol structures. HMFS is synthesized by the enzymatic interesterification of vegetable oils, animal fats, or a blend of oils. The efficie...

This study aimed to characterize brown rice grain var. Inpari 43 and evaluate the effect of sonication extraction on total phenolic and flavonoid content. The result showed that Inpari 43 is classified as medium and slender grain which contains about 12% of moisture content. Sonication method was suitable for brown rice flour extraction. It accumul...

Research background. Rice germination is a natural approach to enhance the physical and functional properties of brown rice. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of germination methods on functional properties of GBR and evaluate the process feasibility. Experimental approach. Brown rice of IPB 3S was germinated in three di...

Germination of brown rice can be completed by full soaking and partial soaking methods. This study aimed to analyse the influence of germination methods on the bioactive accumulations in germinated brown rice (GBR). Germination was conducted in four treatments: (i) membrane reactor with full (RFS) and (ii) partial soaking method soaking (RAG), (iii...

This research aimed to produce triacylglycerols fraction rich in palmitic acid (PA) at the sn‐2 position from hard palm stearin (HPS) through acetone fractionation. Fractionations were done at HPS‐to‐acetone ratios of 1:3, 1:5 and 1:7 (w/v) and at temperatures of 25, 30 and 35 °C for 3 h. Triacylglycerols with PA at the sn‐2 position, such as tripa...

The Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidase with a significant role in the regulation of blood pressure. Within this work, a systematic review on the enzymatic preparation of Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme inhibitory (ACEi) peptides is presented. The systematic review is conducted by following PRISMA guidelines. Soybeans and velvet be...

Germination can alter the physicochemical, nutritional, and nutraceutical value of brown rice. This study aimed to evaluate some characteristic changes from five Indonesian brown rice varieties during germination. The germination was carried out through a complete soaking method for up to 120 h, and the samples were taken and analyzed every 24 h. T...

Indonesian consumers are fond of commercially sterilized milk as indicated by increasing product sales. High demand for products intensifies the need to increase productivity, generally achieved by minimizing product defects. This study aimed to reduce the number of defects in commercially sterilized milk produced using overpressure rotary retorts....

White, red and black glutinous rice are common rice cultivars used as raw materials for food products in West Sumatera, Indonesia. The characteristics of these three cultivars are different, and thus there is a need to elucidate the differences. The characterization of physicochemical and antioxidant properties of these three local cultivars was pe...

The utilization of bioactive peptides from food-grade raw materials has received increasing interest, especially for the production of functional foods. Within this study, a combination of fermentation and in vitro papain hydrolysis was devised to produce bioactive peptides exhibiting antioxidant property and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (AICE)...

Herbal honey with blackseed oil and olive oil is susceptible to change in stability during the storage period, such as separation and oxidation. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of emulsifier and antioxidant to stability of herbal honey. This study used a completely randomized factorial design with two repetitions. The first factor w...

Lipase-catalyzed transesterification between refined bleached deodorized palm olein (RBDO) and tricaprylin to produce medium-long medium structured lipid (MLM-SL) in a packed bed reactor (PBR) has been investigated. A specific sn-1,3 commercial Lipozyme TL IM was used as biocatalyst. Within this study, the progress of transesterification was monito...

Mung beans are mainly composed of starch (25-30%). Mung bean starch which found naturally has low stability during processing and heat sensitivity. The purpose of this research was to produce mung bean starch with higher resistance to heat and higher resistance to enzyme digestion, with a combination of annealing and acetylation modification. Modif...

Crude palm oil (CPO) is a strategic commodity for Indonesia. The locations of palm oil plantation and mill in Indonesia are almost spread evenly in almost all regions of Indonesia. This condition leads to variations in CPO processing which may yield varied physicochemical characteristics of CPO. The physicochemical characteristics of CPO will deter...

Background Germination can improve the palatability and alter physicochemical, nutritional, and nutraceutical value of brown rice. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, bioactive compounds, fatty acids, and pasting profiles from six Indonesian brown rice varieties during germination. The germination was carried out through a complete soakin...

This study was aimed to produce bioactive peptides from optimally fermented tempe, and map their overall bioactivities. There were three preparative methods utilized for producing tempe-based peptides, such as water-facilitated extraction, alcalase, and papain hydrolysis, and in combination with membrane filtration. Fermenting soybean at 144 h was...

This study was aimed to develop and investigate the characteristics of the intelligent films made from gelatin with oleic acid (OA) and anthocyanin extract incorporation. Anthocyanin was extracted from red cabbage (RC), sweet potato (SP), black bean coat seed (BB), and purple rice (CR), and then tested for pH sensitivity. Anthocyanin from SP was se...

The influences of coagulation conditions on the characteristics of tofu have been investigated by many studies, with limited perspectives on the utilization of organic acid coagulants. Hence, this research aimed to study the psychochemical and functional properties of tofu coagulated by bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi) and lime (Citrus aurantifolia) juic...

Hidrokoloid ialah suatu molekul yang memiliki rantai panjang dan berat molekul besar serta mengandung gugus hidroksil atau sifat hidrofilik. Kelarutan dari hidrokoloid umumnya dipengaruhi oleh afinitas gugus hidroksilnya terhadap molekul air, sehingga membentuk ikatan hidrogen.

Lipase-catalyzed transesterification between refined bleached deodorized palm olein (RBDO) and tricaprylin to produce medium-long-medium structured lipid (MLM-SL) in a packed bed reactor has been investigated. A specific sn -1,3 commercial Lipozyme TL IM was used as biocatalyst. Within this study, the progress of transesterification was monitored e...

Background and objective: Medium-long-medium type of structured lipid is appropriate for the management of obesity, fat malabsorption and other metabolic disorders. No studies have been carried out on the ability of Lipozyme TL IM in two types of reaction, acidolysis and transesterification for Medium-long-medium type of structured lipids synthesis...

ABSTRAK Proses perkecambahan diketahui mampu memperbaiki mutu organolaptik dan juga meningkatkan beberapa senyawa tertentu pada beras pecah kulit. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengulas teknologi proses perkecambahan beras pecah kulit dan membahas perubahan yang terjadi selama perkecambahan. Beras pecah kulit berkecambah merupakan beras pecah kulit y...

Beras coklat diketahui memiliki komponen bioaktif yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Namun, konsumsi beras coklat di masyarakat saat ini memang masih rendah dibandingkan dengan beras putih. Hal ini disebabkan beras coklat memerlukan waktu pemasakan yang cukup lama, memiliki tekstur agak keras, dan berbau yang kurang disukai. Beras coklat berkecambah a...

Within this study, phytochemical, fatty acid and proximal composition of six Indonesian brown rice cultivars (Inpari 42, Inpari 43, Situ Bagendit, IPB3 S, Inpari 17, and Inpara 3) were reported. The range of moisture, ash, crude fat, crude protein, and total carbohydrates content of six varieties of brown rice were 11–12%, 1.3–1.4%, 2–3%, 7–11%, an...

The cassava peel is an uncommon material for consumption as food for Indonesians because its use is widely used in non-food industries. Exploration of the use of cassava peel in the food industry in this case as a functional food ingredient such as prebiotics has the potential to be carried out. This study aims to determine the characteristics of t...

In Indonesia, the utilization of winged bean seeds as a food source is very limited. Currently there is inadequate information on the characteristics of the seeds, especially the chemical properties associated with its maturity. This research aimed to analyze the chemical properties of winged bean obtained from different harvesting time. Three diff...

The enhancement of antioxidant activity of fermented okara was investigated using fungal solid-state fermentation. The initial fungal concentration and water activity were found to influence the enhanced antioxidant capacity of fermented okara. Extracellular enzymes, especially proteases and carbohydrases might facilitate the hydrolysis of okara pr...

Medium-long-medium (MLM) structured lipids typically contain medium-chain fatty acids (C6-C12) at sn-1,3 and long-chain fatty acids (C14-C24) at sn-2 positions. They have reduced calories and are suitable for the control of obesity, lipid malabsorption and other metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the synthesis of MLM lipids by the enzymati...

Densitas merupakan parameter penting pada suatu produk khususnya dalam perdagangan yang menggunakan volume sebagai basis pengukuran. Penggunaan metode uji densitas yang harmonis akan menghasilkan data yang saling mendekati sehingga salah satu pihak baik penjual atau pembeli tidak saling dirugikan. Metode uji merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang...

White shrimp (Litopanaeus vannamei) is one of the most popular seafood commodities, therefore, it has considerable economic value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polyphosphate and sodium chloride addition in the soaking solution on the water holding capacity (WHC) of frozen white shrimp at a pilot scale (i.e. 12 kg), production...

Homogenization is one of the key processes in the production of UHT milk. This process is designed to reduce the size of fat globule, thus decreases the possibility of milk fat separation during storage. To ease the monitoring of successful homogenization process, homogenization degree (homodegree, o H) is commonly used instead of direct measuremen...

The production of bioactive peptides catalyzed by gastrointestinal system (GIS) enzymes can be predicted in silico. The technique is more preferred than others such as in vivo and in vitro due to its low cost and less tedious procedure. The current study was aimed to predict bioactive peptides resulted from the digestion of bovine milk proteins. Th...