Ayda Eraydın

• PhD
• Professor at Middle East Technical University

Recent years have seen a proliferation of case-study researches on shrinking cities, stimulating intense debate on the policy responses and governance practices enacted in several cities under conditions of decline. What is notably absent, however, is an evaluation of existing policies and policymaking in shrinking cities that takes into account th...

It discusses the main features of regional planning since the 1920s in Turkey.

The idea of structurally disadvantaged places as 'vengeful' and 'revolting' has gained prominence among academic and policy circles. This paper interrogates these generic conceptions and advocates for advancing deeper, historically grounded, place-based understandings of left behindness and discontent. The paper draws from participatory action res...

This paper examines growth machine politics operating in shrinking cities. Instead of de-growth politics logics emerging in shrinking cities, the paper finds, through an empirical study of Zonguldak, a shrinking mining city in Turkey, a politics that is better described as another variant of growth machine politics. Invigorated by the difficulties...

Recent literature claims that minority entrepreneurship is changing, e.g., entering non-ethnic sectors. A change partly related to spatial transformations (such as gentrification) in neighbourhoods where minorities are settled and to policies affecting their ventures. This article aims to disentangle how targeted and general policies affect minorit...

A decade ago, leading scholars suggested that the ‘extended’ and ‘planetary’ form contemporary urbanisation has taken blurred demarcations of urban and rural and rendered the urban-rural binary an obsolete conceptual category. Contrary to its alleged obsolescence, however, the conceptual pair emerged as an empirically salient and conceptually usefu...

The paper argues that institutions, particularly those that are region-specific, play a prominent role in the different pathways to entrepre-neurship. Empirical evidence based on primary data on four different regions in Türkiye and a scale measuring the dimensions of institutions developed for this study allow for understanding the role of institu...

Farklı kültür ve etnik kökenleri olan özellikle göçmenlerin yaşadığı kent parçalarında ve mahallerde ortaya çıkan farklı girişimcilik biçimleri çok uzun yıllar “etnik ve göçmen girişimcilik” vurgulanarak tartışıldı. Son yıllarda, bu mahalleler yeni demografik değişimler deneyimlemekte ve nüfus yapısındaki sosyal ve etnik çeşitlenme yanısıra yaşam v...

Ayda ERAYDIN 2021 yılı Şehircilik gününün teması planlamanın zemini ve ufku olarak belirlendi. İçinde bulunduğumuz dönem gözönüne alındığında çok yerinde ve doğru bir karar. Günümüzdeki yaşadığımız kırılmalar ve önemli değişimler nedeni ile geçmişe bakarak özeleştiri yapmak ve geleceğe hazırlanmak için uygun bir zaman olduğunu düşünüyorum. Bugün Tü...

There are substantial differences in the entrepreneurship levels of different regions. Recent studies have shown that supply- and demand-side determinants fall short of explaining the level and type of entrepreneurship of a region, and have emphasized the critical role of region-specific institutional factors in regional entrepreneurship. This pape...

There are different views on diversity that reflect strongly not only in academic debates but also in policies, measures and institutions. In this chapter, the aim is to provide a summary of the past debates on social heterogeneity and diversity, as well as the issues, policies and governance related to diversity. Following the introduction, the se...

Purpose The growing number of studies shows that government policies and measures are critical in determining entrepreneurship levels of regions. Any changes in the government policies and measures are, therefore, expected to bring significant changes at the entrepreneurship levels. This paper aims to explore the importance of the government polici...

This policy brief investigates an inventory of state interventions that are judged to be most effective in creating a sustainable urban environment and maintaining a vibrant local community in Zonguldak – a small shrinking city in north-western Turkey. Amongst many initiatives, two stand out, in particular. The first is Zonguldak’s urban renewal pr...

This policy brief introduces a successful solution to convert Zonguldak, a peripheral shrinking city in north-western Turkey, into a compact and connected urban area. Amongst many promising initiatives, recently identified by the local stakeholders, Zonguldak Harbour (Coastal Area) Recreation Project has been put forward as the exemplar of sustaina...

This policy brief showcases a successful solution to rising unemployment, job-seeking out-migration, and dependence on coal mining through university-based urban regeneration. This was achieved in the early 1990s in Zonguldak – a medium-sized city in north-western Turkey, coping with deindustrialisation and demographic decline. Building on local kn...

Kentsel çeşitlilik günümüzde öne çıkan kavramlardan biri olmasına karşın, Türkiye'deki planlama söylem ve uygulamalarında henüz fazlaca yer bulamamıştır. Bu kitap bölümü, kentsel çeşitlilik üzerine Beyoğlu'nda gerçekleştirilen alan araştırmasının araştırmasının bazı bulgularını sunmaktadır. Araştırma bulgularına göre toplumdaki etnik ve dini ayrıml...

Over the last few decades, the regional development discourses and theories have changed substantially, parallel to changes in the economic regimes in world. The shift from the traditional regional development theories, which focused on industrialisation efforts via large-scale enterprises and transfer of central government funds to disadvantaged r...

In this paper, I want to address the shift from issues of development to growth and from regions to clusters and nodes, in other words, the changes in identifying and policymaking concerning economic spaces. To discuss the shift, I will define periods which are not only marked by their economic dynamics but also by differences in defining the regio...

Öz: Bu bildiri iki saptamadan yola çıkıyor. Bunlardan ilki, mevcut planlama pratiğinin siyasal olma niteliğinin, karar verme süreçlerini meşrulaştıran demokratik kanalların ortadan kalkması ile yitirildiğini öne sürmekte ve buna dayalı olarak planlama süreçlerinin tüm grupların beklenti ve isteklerini ifade edebilecekleri bir platform haline nasıl...

Bu yazı, büyüme odaklı gündemde yer bulamayan "kentsel büzülme/büzülen kentler" olgularını gündeme getirmekte ve kentsel politikalar konusundaki tartışmalara nüfus kaybeden kentlerdeki dinamikleri odağına alarak katkı yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu yazıda sunulan Zonguldak kenti ile ilgili araştırma, 1980'den bu yana neoliberal politikalarla desteklene...

This paper examines the discourses and practices of central and local governments, as related to the issues of urban governance and diversity, and the emergence of new governance arrangements in different fields of Istanbul’s diversity. The paper claims that current diversity discourses and policies in Turkey are being increasingly used as a rhetor...

This paper examines the discourses and practices of central and local governments, as related to the issues of urban governance and diversity, and the emergence of new governance arrangements in different fields of Istanbul’s diversity. The paper claims that current diversity discourses and policies in Turkey are being increasingly used as a rhetor...

The book presents different characteristics and dynamics of spatial processes in Turkey since 1923

The purpose of this book is to explore, by combining interesting and relevant case studies, the different processes underlying regional economic growth and the contribution of SMEs to development

This chapter examines how residents in Beyoğlu — the most diverse district in the Turkish city of Istanbul — designate others, and the effects of this designated ‘otherness’ on social cohesion in this area. It shows how residents in Beyoğlu use a variety of attributes to define others, most notably socioeconomic and occupational attributes, or whet...

Introduction In the past decades, major cities increased their global functions and became the core of global movements of goods, finance and human capital. As a result, they attracted people from different origins, ethnic backgrounds, religions and culture. The newcomers tended to settle in a few neighbourhoods where they mixed with people belongi...

How do people deal with diversity in deprived and mixed urban neighbourhoods? This book provides a comparative international perspective on superdiversity in cities, with explicit attention given to social inequality and social exclusion on a neighbourhood level. Although public discourses on urban diversity are often negative, this book focuses on...

Today’s most of the planner’s position can be summarised with the Dyer’s quote that is ‘I am realistic. I expect miracles’ (Dyer, 2001). Most of the authors of the chapters of this volume think this way; their feelings can be summarised with this wording. Most of them seem slightly discouraged in view of the manifold pressures related to the advanc...

This chapter aims to discuss why there is need for a resilient turn in planning and focuses upon the question of how it would be possible to institute resilience in planning. It aims to contribute to this debate first, introducing the major concerns of resilience thinking in planning and why recently it became an alternative way of thinking. Second...

Politics and Conflict in Governance and Planningoffers a critical evaluation of manifold ways in which the political dimension is reflected in contemporary planning and governance. While the theoretical debates on post-politics and the wider frame of post-foundational political theory provide substantive explanations for the crisis in planning and...

Urban plans and projects that aim to initiate the redevelopment and gentrification of urban areas create social and ecological pressures on urban environments and thereby stimulate urban movements. These movements have a lifespan, which evolves in interaction with planning authorities under local or central governments and may be marked by institut...

Son otuz yılda dünyadaki ekonomik, sosyal ve siyasal gelişmelere koşut olarak mevcut planlama yaklaşımlarında önemli değişimler yaşandı. 1950'li yıllardan 1970'lerin sonuna değin egemen olan bütüncül planlama (comprehensive planning) yaklaşımı, 1970'lerdeki ekonomik bunalım sonrasında ortaya çıkan gelişmelerle birlikte önemli ölçüde sarsıntı geçird...

This book is one of the outcomes of the DIVERCITIES project. It focuses on the question of how to create social cohesion, social mobility and economic performance in today’s hyperdiversified cities. The project’s central hypothesis is that urban diversity is an asset; it can inspire creativity, innovation and make cities more liveable and harmoniou...

This article aims to discuss the importance of the different policies and measures defined by governments in the resilience of regions, besides their connectedness to the global economic system and their endogenous capacities. The article explores the importance of different attributes in the resilience of Turkish regions (26 NUTS II regions) in th...

Bu bildiri bölgesel gelişme politika ve uygulamalarında değişen söylem ve yeni söylemin vurgu noktaları üzerinde odaklanmakta ve Türkiye'deki bölgesel yapı ve bölgelerin sahip oldukları kapasiteler bu açıdan değerlendirilmektedir. Bildiri üç ana başlık altında düzenlenmiştir. Bölgesel gelişme politika ve uygulamalarında yeni söylem ve yeni eğilimle...

Eraydin A. Attributes and characteristics of regional resilience: defining and measuring the resilience of Turkish regions, Regional Studies. The increasing frequency of recessionary shocks and the difference in regional growth trajectories in periods of both recession and recovery have resulted in an increased interest in the notion of resilience...

DIVERCITIES Project Report WP 6

This paper concentrates on urban diversity and governance arrangements focusing on urban diversity. With this paper, the study is presented which aims to investigate how different governance arrangements perceive and deal with urban diversity, to what extent they are effective in representing their target groups, expressing and responding their nee...

DIVERCITIES Project Work Package 5

This paper grapples with the state's response to contemporary urban movements. In light of recent debates on the changing nature of urban movements, it presents an overview of the responses of states in different modes of regulation, ranging from a Keynesian regime to sequential stages of neoliberalisation. Examples of authoritarianism and the entr...

Over the last few decades, the term urban shrinkage has come to be accepted as a valid concept in international academic circles, and has gradually gained importance, with its causes the subject of well-documented discussion. While previous discussions of urban shrinkage have directed attention to cities shrinking as a whole, recent research starte...

Since the late 1970s, neoliberalisation and market-friendly policies have been affecting the way cities develop and function. Neoliberal principles based on market reliance seem to take over or manipulate the decision-making powers in urban development and create uncoordinated state interventions (Peck et al. 2009). Increasing neoliberalisation and...

There are increasing concerns related to the neoliberalisation of social, economic and political processes, which are pushing the recently introduced spatial policies and new policy instruments in more market-oriented directions, to the detriment of the built environment. In many cities of the world, owing to the complex dynamics associated with th...

This book has two main objectives. First, the intention is to discuss how well equipped contemporary planning theory and practice is in preparing urban areas to face the new conditions that have resulted from the neoliberal spatial agenda in an increasingly borderless world and its ability to address the escalating numbers of hazards, most of which...

The mission of the planner has never been as frustrating as it is today. While planning practice is littered with such terms as democratisation, participation and collaborative decision making, most planners have strong doubts as to whether they are fulfilling their primary mission, that is, to prepare cities for the future. Their role today has ra...

There is consensus in literature that urban areas have become increasingly vulnerable to the outcomes of economic restructuring under the neoliberal political economic ideology. The increased frequency and widening diversity of problems offer evidence that the socio-economic and spatial policies, planning and practices introduced under the neoliber...

1980 başlarından bu güne dek geçen sürede dünyada önemli değişimler yaşandı. Bir yandan Fordist üretim biçimine dayalı sanayi üretimi önemli sarsıntılar geçirdi ve esnek üretim biçimleri giderek yaygınlaştı. Öte yandan, 1980 öncesinde özellikle gelişmiş ülkelerde benimsenen sosyal refah devletinin kurumları önemli daralmalar yaşadı ve devletin ekon...

The economic restructuring and the new economic conditions that arose out of the waves of globalisation has resulted in significant impacts on the labour markets, which in turn have led to social transformation. The characteristics of the new economic structure and the changes in demand for labour are important in the dispersal of the benefits of c...

It is clear that some tourism clusters are more successful than others. While the endogenous characteristics of successful clusters have in the past been well documented, recent literature has rather focused upon the importance of the global integration of clusters and the increased global connectivity of the companies within them. Using global con...

In many countries the neoliberal policies caused the rise of the critique of progressive planning, ranging from arguments against spatial planning to variety of positions that accept some form of intervention in certain contexts. The changes in the planning legislation and institutions, although define the general tendency to cope with the interest...

Important differences have recently become apparent in the forms of governance being implemented in different metropolitan regions, even among those within the same country. A number of theoretical debates attempt to explain the nature of these differences, emphasizing the importance of structural factors as well as embedded economic and social cha...

In this paper, it is claimed that the dynamics that enabled the emergence of city regions as new places of globalization brought about significant changes and restructuring in these areas in the early years of neo-liberal policies. Subsequently, from the 1990s onwards a new neo-liberalist agenda, in reply to the problems of the early period of glob...

In the recent past the quantitative methods, which had been favorable in planning practice since the 1950s and 1960s, lost their popularity. This paper claims that the planning discourse and the underlying theories were imperative in this trend. The paper aims to present briefly the changing planning discourses since the 1950s, and the shift in the...

While it is quite common in studies of diversity to focus on its negative aspects, this paper specifically aims to emphasize the contribution of immigrants to the urban economic performance. By exploring different kinds of social integration, this paper discusses how immigrant groups can be important agents of urban economic growth and competitiven...

For more than two decades the attainment of sustainable environmental quality and the protection of environmental assets have been at the forefront of central policy issues in global tourism development. Recently, it has been argued that collaborative and associative forms of governance among tourism companies and other related agents are growing i...

Some cities and regions grow faster than others and they increase their relative shares in the global economy. The literature offers a wide list of factors of competitiveness, most of which define individual capacities of cities. Recently, however, there has been an increasing focus on the importance of network governance and the policy networks fo...

The main objective of this paper is to explore relations between competitiveness and social cohesion in Istanbul. It mainly questions whether it is possible to expect a positive change in socio-spatial inequalities if increasing competitiveness generates not only international business and high-level services, but also traditional low-cost producti...

How do the attempts for reaching global competitiveness affect the social and spatial changes in city regions? Is it possible to reconcile competitiveness with cohesion, or will it increase the social and spatial disparities? The above two questions have been important to understand the changing structures of city regions and there appear different...

IntroductionFemale Labor in Industrial Restructuring: Theoretical AspectsIndustrial Restructuring of the Clothing Industry and Female LaborConcluding Remarks

The aim of this paper is to discuss the importance of different types of global services for industrial firms and clusters in terms of their economic competitiveness and innovative performance. The theoretical debates argue that globalization, deregulation and the new production organization make it necessary to use global services that are supplie...

The regional-growth literature emphasises the importance of positive network externalities as determinants of the long-run competitiveness of region, highlighting their role in reducing spatial transaction costs and facilitating collective learning and innovation. In this paper we contribute to this literature by presenting new evidence from a firm...

Elaborating on the literature on industrial districts, this paper suggests that innovation and networking are the two key issues, which provide the new generation industrial clusters’ competitive capacity in the globalization process. The paper presents the findings on the innovative and networking capabilities of the three important industrial clu...

ve politikaları ve bunların uygulamaya yansımalarını tanımlayarak, tüm bu gelişmeleri irdelemeye çalışan bu makalede, aşağıdaki beş soruya yanıt aranmaktadır. *Bölgesel gelişme ve planlama kavramları zaman içinde nasıl bir değişim gösterdi? *Bölgesel gelişmenin kavramlaştırılması ve yönlendirilmesine yönelik oluşan çerçeve gereksinimlere ne ölçüde...

For many industries, a new production system characterised principally by flexibility has become one of the key means of achieving competitive advantage in world markets. In traditional industrial sectors flexibility in the organisation of production is based upon subcontracting, within which female labour is of undisputed importance. In this artic...