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Publications (188)
This publication presents a study on the mineral chemistry and luminescence properties of quartz samples from pegmatites of the Tørdal region in Norway. A total of 12 samples were analyzed using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR), and Cathodoluminescence (CL) to gain insights into their trace...
The Austroalpine Unit Pegmatite Province (AUPP) in the eastern European Alps hosts abundant Permian-aged, variably rare-metal-enriched pegmatite bodies. However, only a small number containing spodumene [LiAl- Si2O6] have been discovered. Here, we characterize three drill cores from the AUPP’s largest spodumene pegmatite resource, the Wolfsberg dep...
The diverse suite of trace elements incorporated into apatite in ore-forming systems has important applications in petrogenesis studies of mineral deposits. Trace element variations in apatite can be used to distinguish between fertile and barren environments, and thus have potential as mineral exploration tools. Such classification approaches comm...
Geochemical and mineralogical investigations of the Lower Permian Kemmlitz rhyolite within the NW-Saxonian Basin (Germany) and associated lithophysae (high-temperature crystallization domains) as well as agates were carried out to constrain the genesis and characteristics of these volcanic rocks and the origin of the agate-bearing lithophysae. The...
This is an open-access article and is available on the journal's website (just click on the DOI link).
This Special Issue of Minerals, section Mineral Deposits, on the topic of “Petrology and Mineralogy of Pegmatite Deposits”, was inspired by the currently growing scientific and economic interest in pegmatites [...]
Trace element concentrations in quartz were determined from two major LCT pegmatite occurrences in Europe to test the applicability of quartz as a pathfinder mineral for Li mineralized pegmatites. The Wolfsberg spodumene pegmatite deposit and pegmatites throughout the wider Austroalpine Unit (Austria), and the Moylisha spodumene pegmatite deposit (...
Ten rock samples with unidirectional solidification textures (USTs) from nine Asian and Australian porphyry and intrusion-related Au deposits and prospects were investigated in terms of mineralization sequences, textural and paragenetic relationships, melt and fluid inclusion inventory, cathodoluminescence, and trace elements of UST quartz. Despite...
The Wolfsberg lithium deposit in Austria is one of the largest Li-Cs-Ta pegmatite resources in Europe. The deposit is part of the Austroalpine Unit Pegmatite Province in the Eastern Alps that formed during the high-temperature, low-pressure Permian extensional event and was subsequently overprinted by Cretaceous eclogite-facies metamorphism during...
Most pegmatites of southern Norway seem to be derived from anatectic melting of metamorphic rocks during the Sveconorwegian orogeny rather than to be highly evolved residual melts derived from granites. We test this hypothesis by providing new age data for thirteen pegmatites and one granite. Based on these new age data, we distinguish two age grou...
The GREENPEG project, which is funded by the European Commission Horizon 2020 'Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw mate-rials' programme, aims to develop multimethod exploration toolsets for the identification buried pegmatite-type ore deposits in Europe. The consortium of the 4 ½ year project, which started in May 2020, involv...
Increased demand for lithium has led to renewed interest in known lithium-cesium-tantalum (LCT) pegmatite occurrences and an exploration surge for new lithium resources, particularly in regions with low raw material production and heavy importation (e.g., the European Union). Trace element concentrations in quartz were determined from two well-know...
As an important source of lithium and rare earth elements (REE) and other critical elements , pegmatites are of great strategic economic interest for present and future technological development. Identifying new pegmatite deposits is a strategy adopted by the European Union (EU) to decrease its import dependence on non-European countries for these...
Following the latest Permian extinction ∼252 million years ago, normal marine and terrestrial ecosystems did not recover for another 5-9 million years. The driver(s) for the Early Triassic biotic crisis, marked by high atmospheric CO2 concentration, extreme ocean warming, and marine anoxia, remains unclear. Here we constrain the timing of authigeni...
Lead isotope analyses of K-feldspar from late Sveconorwegian (900–1000 Ma) granitic pegmatites and A-type, ferroan granitic intrusions in four different areas of southern Norway analyzed by laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) give compositions in the range 206Pb/204Pb = 16.637 to 17.555, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.44...
The metamorphic reworking of mineralized pegmatites during orogenesis remains unclear, making the genesis and the tectonomagmatic significance of pegmatite mineralization obscure. This study demonstrates the multiple utilities of titanite geochemistry in establishing the Caledonian metamorphic evolution of the world’s largest intra-plutonic Nb-Y-F...
This article describes an attempt at sourcing hydrothermal quartz crystals from the Early Mesolithic site Mohalsen-I by comparing four pieces of debitage with quartz crystal samples from 19 known quartz crystal occurrences in Norway. Through identifying a possible source, the hope was that we could shed light on mobility patterns and raw material p...
The characterisation of quartz grains’ chemical and mineralogical properties in sediments and sedimentary rocks is widely used in provenance studies. This paper analyses quartz grains from the coarse sand fraction in soils in Quaternary fluvial terraces (Guadalquivir River, southern Spain). The tentative soil ages are 0.3 ka (Haplic Fluvisol), 7 ka...
Women with fish tails are among the oldest and still most popular of mythological creatures, possessing a powerful allure and compelling ambiguity. They dwell right in the uncanniest valley of the sea: so similar to humans, yet profoundly other. Mermaids: Art, Symbolism and Mythology presents a comprehensive, interdisciplinary and beautifully illus...
Women with fish tails are among the oldest and still most popular of mythological creatures, possessing a powerful allure and compelling ambiguity. They dwell right in the uncanniest valley of the sea: so similar to humans, yet profoundly other. Mermaids: Art, Symbolism and Mythology presents a comprehensive, interdisciplinary and beautifully illus...
The GREENPEG project, which is funded by the European Commission Horizon 2020 ‘Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials’ programme, aims to develop multi-method exploration toolsets for the identification of European, buried, small-scale (0.01-5 million m3) pegmatite ore deposits of the Nb-Y-F (NYF) and Li-Cs-Ta (LCT) chem...
The current classification of granitic pegmatites, originally introduced by Černý (1991a), has been the accepted system for grouping pegmatites of diverse mineralogy and chemistry for nearly three decades. Despite its general acceptance, several issues have been highlighted (Müller et al. 2022) which have imposed some limitations on its use and the...
This study represents the precursor and complementary study for the new classification of granitic pegmatites by Wise et al.
(this issue) and provides a detailed analysis of existing classifications of granitic pegmatites in terms of applied classification criteria and applicability. The analyses revealed that a new classification scheme for granit...
Pegmatite fields within granite plutons are commonly considered to have formed from residual melts of their host. This is not always true as demonstrated by the Tysfjord granite gneiss and its two groups of pegmatites. The Tysfjord granite gneiss, exposed in a tectonic window of the Caledonides of northern Norway, is part of the transscandinavian i...
Quartz (trigonal, low-temperature α-quartz) is the most important polymorph of the silica (SiO2) group and one of the purest minerals in the Earth crust. The mineralogy and mineral chemistry of quartz are mainly determined by its defect structure. Certain point defects, dislocations and micro-inclusions can be incorporated into quartz during crysta...
Quartz from 254 pegmatites representing eight pegmatite fields and provinces worldwide was investigated by laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to determine concentrations of trace elements Al, Ti, Li, Ge, B, Be, Rb, Na, K, Ca, P, Ga, Sb, Zn and U. A total of 281 new analyses combined with 524 published LA-ICP-MS...
Quartz from 254 pegmatites representing eight pegmatite fields and provinces worldwide was investigated by laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to determine concentrations of trace elements Al, Ti, Li, Ge, B, Be, Rb, Na, K, Ca, P, Ga, Sb, Zn and U. A total of 271 new analyses combined with 535 published LA-ICP-MS...
Trace elements of quartz document the physical‐chemical evolutions of quartz growth, which has been a great and most applied tool in the study of geological settings in quartz‐forming environments. A classic method is using graphic diagram plots visualizing the quartz trace element discriminations and trends, examples including the Al‐Ti diagram (R...
The major aim of this study was to establish criteria for the rapid ‘real-time’ identification of the main vein generation in the ore to allow crucial adjustments and refinements to be made to the processing flowsheet, to achieve the best possible quality of fluorite concentrate. In addition, the trace element compositions of fluorite from the
main...
The recently discovered Serra Branca amazonite pegmatite in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, is an evolved niobium-yttrium-fluorine (NYF) granitic pegmatite, which belongs to the Vieirópolis pegmatite field, the first NYF pegmatite field described from the Borborema Province. The pegmatite is an unusually large resource (>300,000 tons) of intensely co...
The granitic pegmatites of Tørdal belong to the Late-Proterozoic Sveconorwegian pegmatite province of south Scandinavia. They form a cluster of about 300 bodies 20 km NW of the town Drangedal in southern Norway and have been known for their Sc enrichment for about 100 years. Scandium is a compatible element in garnet. In this study, 32 garnet sampl...
Neoproterozoic Li–Cs–Ta (LCT) pegmatites and pegmatitic sheeted leucogranites (SLGs) of the Damara Belt, Namibia, although coeval, are variably mineralized and have intruded multiple tectono-stratigraphic units. Major and trace element data together with oxygen and hydrogen isotopes were used to identify possible sources for these pegmatite melts....
High-MgO (>12 wt%) magmas represent some of the most primary and high temperature melts from mantle plumes. The compositional diversity of high-MgO magmas gained by fractional melting within inhomogeneous mantle sources, is often overprinted by wall rock assimilation, magma mixing and fractional crystallisation within magma chambers at various dept...
The Paraná deposit, located at Southwestern Rio Grande do Norte state, in Brazil, is one of the few emerald deposits found at Borborema Province. The mineralization occurs in phlogopite schists and actinolite-phlogopite schists associated with pegmatites and albitites within the Portalegre Shear Zone. Unlike other well-known Brazilian emerald depos...
This study represents the precursor and complementary study for the new classification of granitic pegmatites by Wise et al.
(this issue) and provides a detailed analysis of existing classifications of granitic pegmatites in terms of applied classification
criteria and applicability. The analyses revealed that a new classification scheme for granit...
Albite zones, which are common in many evolved granitic pegmatites, often appear to be at least partly replacive in origin and are therefore widely thought to form by late-stage metasomatic processes. However, based on paragenetic relations and chemical and melt inclusion studies, albite zones in evolved Proterozoic niobium-yttrium-fluorine (NYF) r...
The Sveconorwegian pegmatite province is one of the world's largest pegmatite provinces, containing more than 5000 pegmatites. The niobium-yttrium-fluorine (NYF)-signature pegmatites were emplaced in the Sveconorwegian orogen (1.1-0.9 Ga) and are divided into seven pegmatite fields. The Tordal and Evje-Iveland pegmatite fields contain the most evol...
The quartz-K-feldspar-cemented breccia of Berglia-Glassberget in the Lierne municipality in central Norway forms an ellipsoid structure 250 m × 500 m in size. The hydrothermal breccia is barren in terms of economic commodities but famous among mineral collectors for being a large and rich site of crystal quartz of various colours and habits. Despit...
Magmatic and hydrothermal quartz populations related to the Late-Variscan Zinnwald/Cínovec Sn-W-Li greisen-type deposit in the Eastern Erzgebirge/Krušné Hory (German/Czech Republic) were studied in terms of trace element contents and growth structures visualized by cathodoluminescence. The sample suite represents different populations of hydrotherm...
The genetic relationship between a granite pluton and adjacent complex of rare-metal pegmatite-aplite-banded sheets (Megiliggar Sheet Complex - MSC) has been studied at the border of the Tregonning topaz granite at Megiliggar Rocks, Cornwall, SW England. Similarities in whole-rock chemical and mineralogical compositions, together with a gradual cha...
Seiland Igneous Province (SIP), Northern Norway represents the lower crustal plumbing system of a LIP where large volumes of ultramafic, mafic and alkaline-carbonatite melts were transported from the mantle to shallower levels of the crust. The Reinfjord mafic-ultramafic intrusion is a magma conduit system and offers an excellent location in which...
The Eichigt granite is one of two apical intrusions forming the concealed massif of Eichigt-Schönbrunn in the Erzgebirge-Vogtland metallogenic province of Germany. It represents a peraluminuous, medium-grained, Si-rich biotite monzo- to syenogranite of aluminuous A-type affinity and post-collisional (-orogenic) tectonic setting, which belongs to th...
Quartz samples of different origin from 10 localities in the Southern Ural region, Russia have been investigated to characterize their trace element compositions and defect structures. The analytical combination of cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy and spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and trace-element analysis by...
The Tres Arroyos granite–pegmatite system is located in the SW margin of the Nisa-Alburquerque Variscan batholith. Two granitic facies (monzogranite and marginal leucogranite) and three types of aplite–pegmatite dykes (barren, intermediate and highly evolved Li-rich), have been distinguished in the area, with a zoned distribution from the granite s...
In-situ weathered bedrock, saprolite, is locally found in Scandinavia, where it is commonly
thought to represent pre-Pleistocene weathering possibly associated with landscape
formation. The age of weathering, however, remains loosely constrained, which has an impact
on existing geological and landscape evolution models and morphotectonic correlatio...
The Late-Proterozoic Sveconorwegian pegmatite province in southern Norway and southwest Sweden hosts seven rareelement pegmatite districts with more than 5000 rare-element pegmatites. Most of these pegmatites with Niobium-Yttrium- Fluorine (NYF) signature are not related to a parental granite, but instead occur in areas of high-grade metamorphism a...
Zircon from 14 representative granite samples of the late-Variscan Cornubian Batholith in SW England was
analysed forW, P, As, Nb, Ta, Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, Th, U, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb, Al, Sc, Bi, Mn, Fe,
Ca, Pb, Cu, S and F using electron probe microanalyses. Zircons from the biotite and tourmaline granites
are poor in minor and trace...
Pegmatites are extremely coarse-grained and heterogeneous rocks in which quantitative measurements of mineral proportions and chemical compositions of the whole rock are virtually impossible to acquire. Thus, conventional criteria such as bulk compositions and modal mineralogy used for the classifications of igneous rocks simply cannot be applied f...
On the southeastern slope of the Baranec Mount in the Western Tatra Mountains (Slovakia) an apatite-rich pegmatite-like segregation was found in the subvertical fault zone cutting metapelitic rocks. Two zones: felsic (F) and mafic (M) were found, differing in mineral assemblages and consequently in chemistry. Fluorapatite crystals yield a LA-ICP-MS...
Kyanite crystals from fourteen localities worldwide were analysed for their abundances of the trace elements Na, Mg, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, and Fe and cathodoluminescence (CL) properties. Based on protolith type, metamorphic setting, and distinctive trace element fingerprints, a genetic classification of kyanite-bearing rocks is suggested: (A) Al-ri...
The quartz veins and pegmatites of the Sierra de Comechingones (Sierras de Córdoba, NE Argentina) belong to the Comechingones Pegmatite field (CPF). For the quartz veins and the zoned pegmatites related parental granites are missing. The country rock of the quartz veins are mylonitic augengneisses in granulite to upper amphibolite facies. Field rel...
The megacrystic, coarse-grained granite of the Land’s End granitic complex, SW England, has been investigated by analyzing fluid inclusions, trace elements, and cathodoluminescence textures of quartz. By applying the TitaniQ geothermobarometer together with the cathodoluminescence textures, a two-stage emplacement process is proposed. K-feldspar an...
Fractured and kaolinite weathered basement rocks have been discovered in various wells off the Norwegian coast and inferences on timing, source to sink relationships, and environmental implications have been widely discussed. The reason for the kaolitinization has often been related to intensive chemical weathering during late Triassic to early Jur...
Mineralogical and geochemical investigations of agates from Permian volcanic rocks of the Sub-Erzgebirge basin (Saxony, Germany) were made to constrain the genesis and characteristics of these spectacular forms of silica in acidic volcanic host rocks. Samples from the main agate occurrences of Chemnitz, Hohenstein-Ernstthal, St. Egidien and Zwickau...
Security of supply of a number of raw materials is of concern for the European Union; foremost among these are the rare earth elements (REE), which are used in a range of modern technologies. A number of research projects, including the EURARE and ASTER projects, have been funded in Europe to investigate various steps along the REE supply chain. Th...