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Publications (81)
German: Untersucht wurde ein 250 m² großer, relativ isolierter Hausgarten im Innenstadtbereich einer mittelgroßen Stadt in Südbayern. Insgesamt konnten dabei 1.083 Arten festgestellt werden. Dies dokumentiert, dass auch Gärten oder andere Kleinflächen ohne besondere Strukturausstattung eine bedeutende Artenvielfalt beherbergen können. Es unterstrei...
Zehm, A., Blick, T., Brackel, W. v., Bräu, M., Fuchs, H. & Guggemoos, T. (2024):
Jede Fläche zählt – Selbst kleine Hausgärten können zur Artenvielfalt beitragen. – ANLiegen Natur 46 (1): 63-74
Conservation tools to enrich habitat diversity in the widely distributed homogeneous production forests include stumps as logging residues but also the intentional creation of logs or snags, as well as varying canopy conditions. While an open canopy has been shown to foster forest biodiversity, the impact of different deadwood types at stand scale...
Microclimate is a crucial driver of saproxylic beetle assemblages, with more species often found in sunny forests than in shady ones. Whether this pattern is caused by a higher detectability due to increased beetle activity under sunny conditions or a greater diversity of beetles emerging from sun-exposed deadwood remains unclear. This study examin...
Der Rückgang der Insektenvielfalt sowie der Biodiversität im Allgemeinen in Verbindung mit einer intensiven Landwirtschaft und der Anwendung synthetischer Pflanzenschutzmittel ist immer noch eines der großen Themen in Medien und Gesellschaft. In vorliegender Arbeit wurden deshalb zwei unterschiedlich intensiv bewirtschaftete Winterweizenanbausystem...
The extinction of species is a non‐random process, and understanding why some species are more likely to go extinct than others is critical for conservation efforts. Functional trait‐based approaches offer a promising tool to achieve this goal. In forests, deadwood‐dependent (saproxylic) beetles comprise a major part of threatened species, but anal...
Tropical forests host a remarkable proportion of global arthropod diversity. Yet, arthropod communities living in tropical forests are still poorly studied, particularly for dry forests of Eastern Africa. The aim of this study was to analyse community structures, species richness and relative abundances of insects across a heterogeneous forest cons...
Zusammenfassung Baumkronen sind vom Boden aus schwer einzusehen und noch schwerer zu erreichen. Lange Zeit waren sie deshalb als Teil des "Ökosystems Wald" übersehen. Mittlerweile gibt es weltweit mehrere Arbeiten, die sich mit diesem "übersehenen Ökosystem-Kompartiment" befassen, meist entweder hinsichtlich der epiphytischen Pflanzen oder der kron...
Endosymbionts are widely distributed in insects and can strongly affect their host ecology. The common green lacewing (Chrysoperla carnea) is a neuropteran insect which is widely used in biological pest control. However, their endosymbionts and their interactions with their hosts have not been very well studied. Therefore, we screened for endosymbi...
Male and female of Nusalala peruana sp. nov. , a flightless hemerobiid from the Andes mountain range of northern Peru, at a height of almost 4000 m, are described, figured and documented as the first record of a brachypterous, flightless species of Nusalala Navás, 1913, from this country. The other two congeneric, brachypterous species are from hig...
Horst Aspöck and Raphidia ulrikae in the rock face: Congratulations from 36 zoologists to Univ.-Prof. Dr. Horst Aspöck on the occasion of his 80 th birthday. - Entomologica Austriaca, 27: 421-448. --- Das Opus eines Wissenschaftlers zu umreißen, dessen ungestüme Neugierde, die Natur zu erkunden bereits in der Gymnasialzeit mit 13 Jahren begann und...
The coniopterygid fauna of the Neotropical region is poorly known. The most recent summary was provided by Martins (2019) who noted that 14 species were known from Peru. The subgenus Coniopteryx (Scotoconiopteryx) is endemic to the Neotropical region and comprises 36 species (Meinander 1972; Meinander & Penny 1982; Sziráki 2011; Martins & Amorim 20...
During the 13th International Symposium of Neuropterology in Bavaria, Germany, two field excursions to natural areas of southeastern Bavaria were conducted, one on 19.vi.2018 and a second on 22−25.vi.2018. Sites visited included Laufen on river Salzach and environs; Nature Reserve Weitsee-Lödensee; Schönramer Filz; Frauenberg Hostel and environs, n...
Bark protects living trees against environmental influences but may promote wood decomposition by fungi and bacteria after tree death. However, the mechanisms by which bark determines the assembly process and biodiversity of decomposers remain unknown. Therefore, we partially or completely removed bark from experimentally felled trees and tested wi...
Humans have widely extirpated large carnivores and simultaneously promoted overabundance of deer. The intense pressure imposed by these herbivores in forests has led to extremely low rates of natural forest regeneration. In natural old-growth forests, deadwood functions as a key driver of biodiversity and promotes ecosystem functioning, such as wat...
In Europe, anthropogenic habitats that are optimised for agriculture and forestry purposes have widely replaced natural habitats. To assess their value for biodiversity, we compared beetle communities among three anthropogenic land use types, namely spruce plantations, Christmas tree plantations and maize fields. These three land use types are all...
Tree-killing bark beetles are the most economically important insects in conifer forests worldwide. However, despite >200 years of research, the drivers of population eruptions and crashes are still not fully understood and the existing knowledge is thus insufficient to face the challenges posed by the Anthropocene. We critically analyze potential...
For completion of their life cycle, most snakefly species require two years, some only one, and others (at least single specimens) three years or more. In most species, the larvae of the final stage hibernate in a state of quiescence, pupate in spring and emerge as adults shortly thereafter. Hibernation starts when the temperature decreases, thus i...
Endosymbionts are widespread among insects and can play an essential role in host ecology. The common green lacewing (Chrysoperla carnea s. str.) is a neuropteran insect species which is widely used as a biological pest control. We screened for endosymbionts in natural and laboratory populations of the green lacewing using diagnostic PCR amplicons....
Vertical gradients of habitats are a typical characteristic of forest ecosystems. Sun-exposed dead wood in the upper canopy, for instance, provides a habitat for saproxylic beetles distinct from that in the more shaded dead wood below the canopy. Canopy research, however, is challenging due to both the limited accessibility and potential confoundin...
Along the upper Danube, between river kilometer 2,472 and 2,464 (Bavaria, Germany), a managed hardwood forest was reconnected to the river via a newly carved floodplain channel. We report the stepwise alteration of the diversity of terrestrial beetles for six successive years from 2007 to 2012. In a 2-year preliminary period (2007–2008), we recorde...
The Mediterranean snakefly Raphidia mediterranea H. Aspöck, U. Aspöck & Rausch, 1977 – known from many parts of the Balkan Peninsula, several Aegean islands, southern parts of Italy, northwest of Anatolia and a few localities in Eastern Europe, yet not recorded in Central Europe – was surprisingly found with an astoundingly high population density...
Background
Bacterial symbionts transmitted from mothers to offspring are found in the majority of arthropods. Numerous studies have illustrated their wide impact on host biology, such as reproduction, behavior, and physiology One of the most common inherited symbionts is Rickettsia spp. (Alphaproteobacteria, Rickettsiales), which are found in about...
Abstract
Epiphytic plant species are an important part of biological diversity. Therefore, it is important to understand the distribution patterns of epiphytic plants and the factors influencing these patterns with regard to environmental conditions, natural biotic interactions and human influences (utilization) in detail to develop conservation st...
Working paper which is going to submit very soon
Coniopteryx hoelzeli H. Aspöck, 1965 (Insecta: Neuroptera: Coniopterygidae) was found during faunistic research from 1999 to 2001 in the Strict Forest Reserve ”Kinzigaue”. This is the first record of the species in Hesse and the northernmost worldwide. Circumstances of capturing lead to additional information on the biology and ecology of this rare...
Natura 2000 is the core of the EU's biodiversity conservation policy. 50% of the overall protected area under Natura 2000 is forest. Yet, comparatively little is known about the implementation of the policy in forests. Building on a rich set of social and natural science data, and an inter- and transdisciplinary discussion process involving scienti...
The Natura 2000 (N2000) network intends to conserve Europe's threatened habitats and species by selecting a complementary set of areas of various habitat types across geographical space to cover the range of diversity.
We studied beetles and habitat variables used for N2000 habitat assessment in 11 pairs of commercially exploited N2000 and non‐N200...
This publication provides the first comprehensive DNA barcode data set for the Neuropterida of Central Europe, including 80 of the 102 species (78%) recorded from Bavaria (Germany) and three other species from nearby regions (Austria, France and the UK). Although the 286 specimens analyzed had a heterogeneous conservation history (60% dried; 30% in...
The BiodivERsA-funded BeFoFu project has investigated both ecological challenges related to management of protected forests and governance challenges related to the implementation of Natura 2000. This Policy Brief describes these socio-ecological challenges, presents key research results, and outlines policy solution pathways towards improving the...
1. It has recently been suggested that expected increases in temperature might lead to an additional generation per season in bark beetles. Thus, populations would grow more rapidly. However, an additional but not fully developed generation could lead to high winter mortality in the pre‐imaginal stages.
2. Winter survivability and post‐diapause fit...
Martin M. Gossner, Markus Kilg & Axel Gruppe: Oak
canopies of a floodplain forest at the Danube river
as habitat for rarely observed true bug species
(Hemiptera: Heteroptera) – with particular reference
to Aradus bimaculatus Reuter, 1873.
We sampled true bug communities with different trapping
systems from the forest floor to the canopy in a
floodp...
The historical and actual distribution of Distoleon tetragrammicus (Fabricius, 1798) in Southern Germany
is described. In Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Hessen, Bayern and Baden-Württemberg the species lives in many cases in light deciduous and coniferous forests. It is found mainly from the end of June until the middle of August.
Le projet BeFoFu, financé par BiodivERsA, avait pour objet d’étudier à la fois les défis écologiques liés à la gestion des forêts protégées et les défis en matière de gouvernance liés à la mise en oeuvre de Natura 2000. La présente note d’orientation décrit ces défis socioécologiques, présente les principaux résultats de cette recherche et, enfin,...
The 2011 post-symposium excursion was conducted in northern mainland Portugal and a ended by 10 entomologists from 5 countries. Primarily day collecting was performed in more than a half dozen natural areas with diverse elevations, vegetation types and climates, but was most productive in Peneda-Gerês National Park, the Marão Mountains, Douro Inter...
Norway Spruce is the economically most important tree species in Europe and has been cultivated in plantations on a large-scale at low elevations, far outside its natural range. In the Bohemian Forest, it naturally occurs in pure stands above 1150 m a.s.l. and as a mixed tree species from 650 to 1150 m a.s.l. An understanding of natural distributio...
AÇOREANA, 2013, Suplemento 9: 131-142
The neuropterid fauna in pure Scots pine stands was compared to the fauna of
”conversion” pine stands with a planted deciduous understorey in Brandenburg,
Germany. Insects were captured using a set of various traps from the forest fl oor up
to the canopy. Species numbers did not diff er between the studied sta...
Like most European rivers, the Upper Danube has been embanked and straightened, and hydropower plants have been built on it since the 19 th century. The river and fl oodplain became disconnected, the hydromorpho-logy changed dramatically and the typical fl oodplain habitats, such as softwood and hardwood riparian forests, have been suffering. The p...
Spatio-temporal dispersal of pest species such as bark beetles plays a key role in their population ecology and outbreak dynamics. Understanding the underlying patterns is crucial for applying appropriate management strategies.In contrast to most existing studies which focus on dispersing beetles, we analysed patches of killed trees resulting from...
The occurrence of Raphidioptera larvae was analysed in decomposed dead wood from oak trees (Quercus petraea) in Spessart, Germany. Samples from crowns of recently felled trees were compared to samples from tree crowns felled a year before, i.e. dead wood was exposed for one year close to the forest ground. All 12 larvae (11 specimens of Phaeostigma...
The North American Lupin Aphid Macrosiphum albifrons Essig, 1911 has been observed in Europe for the first time in 1981. In 1984 it was discovered in the area of Giessen, West Germany.
In field trials the suitability of different lupin species and cultivars as host plants was tested. It became apparant that 1. a certain alkaloid content must be pre...
Potential factors in resistance of cherry trees (Prunus spp.) to Myzus cerasi F. (Hom., Aphididae)
The Black Cherry aphid Myzus cerasi Fabricius, 1775 occurs in Central Europe. It is divided in three subspecies; two of them are host alternating. M. c. cerasi lives on Prunus cerasus as its primary host and different species of the genera Galium and...
Baumkronenforschung galt bis vor wenigen Jahrzehnten als die letzte große Grenze in der biologischen Forschung. Sowohl in den Tropen als auch den Wäldern der gemäßigten Zonen hat die Erforschung der oberen Waldschichten neue Erkenntnisse zum Wald erbracht. Im Rahmen des „Tages der Artenvielfalt“ der Zeitschrift GEO wurde die älteste Tanne des Natio...
Larvae of arboricolous Raphidioptera are characterised as corticolous in literature
(Aspöck et al. 1991) because they often can be found on the bark or in galeries of
xylobiontic insects. However, several Raphidioptera adults emerged from dead wood
without bark when it was incubated in the lab (Schubert & Gruppe 1999) This was
leading to the hypoth...
The biological activity of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strain PS86Q3 against five Hymenopteran species was determined by means of bioassays adapted to each species. Four species of sawfly that are important pests of conifers (Diprion pini, Gilpinia hercyniae and Pristiphora abietina) or ornamental plants (Arge rosae), as well as the non-target hone...
Using 60 flight interception traps we investigated twelve different forest edges in the National Park Bava-rian Forest. Half of the forest edges studied were created by bark beetle attacks (interior edges), the others result from clearance for farming by humans. At each forest edge, five traps were installed as follows: one trap was placed in the o...
Diversity of aphidophagous insects in the Bavarian Forest - what contributions does White fir make in comparison to spruce? In the present study the impact of White fir (Abies alba) as compared to spruce (Picea abies) on the diversity of aphidophagous insects was analysed. To this end, tree crown communities of five trees each were sampled by fligh...
Influence of the leaf position within the beech crown (Fagus sylvatica LINNÉ) on the infestation rate and developmental success of Rhynchaenus fagi LINNÉ (Col., Curculionidae). The study investigated the effect of leaf position (sun or shade crown) on the infestation by Rhynchaenus fagi and the developmental success of the beetles. After hibernatio...
Douglas-fir needels as larval food of Lymantria monacha L. - A qualitative comparision to Norway spruce needles. The suitability of neophytic Douglas fir needles and Norway spruce needles as food for Lymatria monacha larvae was studied in both a choice test and a breeding experiment in the lab. Beside the bioassays needle compounds were analysed. A...
Number of specimens and species as well as structure of aphidophagous communities in tree crowns of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) were studied in different forest stand types (Douglas-fir-, spruce- and beech-dominated) in southern Germany in the year 2000, using flight-interception traps. Total as well as ave...
In Wäldern unterschiedlicher Struktur wurde die Neuropteriden-Fauna mit Fallen im Kronenraum sowie in Bodennähe erfaßt. Die fünf Wälder bilden einen Gradienten hinsichtlich der Baumartenzusammensetzung, der vom fichtendominierten Wirtschaftswald über Wirtschaftswälder mit zunehmendem Laubholzanteil bis hin zu einem ungenutzten Laubwald reicht. In d...
The mode of action of Cry toxins has been described principally in lepidopteran insects as a multistep process. In this work we describe the mode of action of a Cry toxin active in the common pine sawfly Diprion pini (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae), considered a major forest pest in Europe. Strain PS86Q3 contains a long bipyramidal crystal composed of f...
Damage by herbivorous insects to fast-growing clones of aspen (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides, clone Astria) and balsam poplars (Populus trichocarpa, clone Muhle Larsen) was estimated on a short rotation plantation which was established on former arable land near Regensburg (Germany). During the first rotation period of 5 years insect pests could...
Baumkronenfauna von Natur- und Wirtschaftswäldern - Vergleich der Spinnen und Netzflügler (Araneae, Neuropteroidea). In: Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für allgemein und angewandte Entomologie 11, S. 683-687.
: Significance of sexual pheromones and light for flight activity and attraction of the male spruce web-spinning sawfly Cephalcia abietis L. (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae): The existence of sexual pheromones in C. abietis was shown in field experiments. The highest number of males were caught by traps baited with virgin females. Less-attractive baits...
The existence of sexual pheromones in C. abietis was shown in field experiments. The highest number of males were caught by traps baited with virgin females. Less-attractive baits used mated females and males. In all baits without virgin females, the number of caught males correlated significantly with light intensity. The results are discussed wit...
Period of development of earth-larvae of Cephalcia abietis L. (Hym., Pamphiliidae)
Larvae of the web-spinning sawfly Cephalcia abietis L. were caught after they had finished larval development in the canopy of spruce trees in the Bavarian Forest. They were held and overwintered in soil-cages in Munich. In three subsequent years nearly all adults an...
Telenomus minutus Ratzb. (Hym., Scelionidae): an egg parasitoid of winter moth Operophtera brumata L. and O. fagata Scharf. (Lep., Geometridae) in Northern Bavaria
In spring 1990 Telenomus minutus Ratzb. was found to be an egg parasitoid of Operophtera brumata L. and O. fagata Scharf. on oak in Spessart (North Bavaria, FRG). This is the first repor...
Six ant species, but most commonly Lasius niger and Myrmica laevinoides, were found with the aphid. When ants were kept away from cherry trees significantly fewer aphid colonies developed. -from English summary
Electrophoretic studies on different subspecies of Myzus cerasi F. (Hom., Aphididae)
Single specimen of Myzus cerasi F., originating from Prunus avium and P. cerasus, were examined by Polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis. Aphids from P. cerasus, i.e. M. cerasi sensu strictu F., show two esterase bands with Rf-values of about 0.9 and 0.4. Rarely a thir...
The rose-grain aphid,Metopolophium dirhodum (Wlk.), is a species living onRosa spp. as winter hosts and Gramineae as summer hosts. Thus, the planting of roses along roadsides and highways may be of importance in connection with the migration of the aphids to cereals.
In March 1982 the nymphs hatched from eggs, which were laid in autumn on long shoo...
Comparison of the canopy fauna of silver fir (Abies alba) and spruce trees (Picea abies). In the context of forest ecological support programs of silver fir as the "Tree of the year 2004", the relative contribution of fir and spruce trees to forest insect diversity is compared in present investigation. Previous studies had postulated a species poor...
The community of Neuropterida was used to test the hypothesis that species richness as well as abundance increases with the complexity of a habitat. Arthropods were captured with flight inter- ception traps at various height levels in hardwood forests in the Steigerwald, Germany. The neuro- pterid community consisted of 31 species and was predomina...
Studies on the mutualism of spruce bark-sucking lachnids and red wood ants During April to October 2004 the prefered sucking-sites and seasonal abundances (number of aphid colonies, number of individuals per aphid colony) of two spruce bark-sucking aphid species (Cinara spec.) were investigated. The intensity of ant attendance by the red wood ant F...
In this paper records of 58 species of Neuropterida from the Principality of Liechtenstein are presented. New records are the following 9 taxa: Puncha ratzeburgi (BRAUER, 1876), Chrysopa nigricostata BRAUER, 1850, Chrysopa pallens (RAMBUR, 1838), Dichochrysa abdominalis (BRAUER, 1856), Chrysoperla pallida HENRY, BROOKS, DUELLI & JOHNSON, 2002, Chry...
The neuropterid communities of a temperate deciduous forest in Germany were studied using flight-interception traps in the tree crown stratum in the year 2005. In total 884 specimens were captured, representing 23 species of Neuropterida. The communities captured in monospecific beech stands significantly differed from those of more diverse stands....
