Avron Barr

Part 1 of a three volume set that contains some 200 articles on AI. Volume 1 discusses the goals of AI research, the history of the field and the current active areas of research. It explains how the book is organized, and the literature of the field. How to access journal articles and technical reports for further reading

As the market embraces adaptive instructional systems (AISs) and related data-intensive learning technologies, effective and economical deployment of products from multiple vendors will require critical infrastructure components. Four important types of data must be managed and securely shared across applications: the learner’s background and objec...

AI algorithms perform better with more data, whether they are embedded in self-driving cars, medical devices, or adaptive instruction systems. In the latter case, in education and training, AI-enhanced products will use five important types of data that must be managed and securely shared across applications: •Learner identity and characteristics •...

As the market embraces adaptive instructional systems (AISs) and related data-intensive learning technologies, effective and economical deployment of products from multiple vendors will require critical infrastructure components. Four important types of data must be managed and securely shared across applications: the learner's background and objec...

This is the second in a series of Adaptive Instructonal System (AIS) worskhops conducted under the auspices of IEEE. This workshop is intended to document the evolution of proposals for AIS standards. Six keynote papers were presented as part of four discussion sessions conducted over a period of two days. The talks, papers, and discussion are docu...

Technical standards often shape the economics of how new technologies are disseminated and applied. After Web-based instruction and computer-based simulation emerged in the late 1990's, a wave of new standards that included the Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM), Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) and High-Level Architecture (HLA...

This paper describes the purpose, goals, and guiding questions for the Adaptive Instructional System (AIS) standards workshop within the 2018 Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) Conference Industry Track. Adaptive instructional systems (AISs) use human variability, learner goals and preferences, and other learner/team attributes along with instructi...

This paper deals with the evolution of the book in the context of higher education. Digital books, or ebooks, need not be restricted to duplication of the printed page on a tablet device. As higher education embraces online learning, the tablet-based offerings from educational publishers will increasingly incorporate a variety of cloud-based learni...

This paper deals with the evolution of the book in the context of higher education. Digital books, or ebooks, need not be restricted to duplication of the printed page on a tablet device. As higher education embraces online learning, the tablet-based offerings from educational publishers will increasingly incorporate a variety of cloud-based learni...

The phenomenal growth in the adoption of mobile cellular devices in the developing world has open the opportunity to develop a global platform for connected learning - a software and data infrastructure that will serve as the foundation for the many systems that we build to realize the idea of equal access to educational services. In this paper, we...

For several decades, technology-supported learning has promised to revolutionize, personalize, and democratize learning. The advent of Web-based learning in the 1990s introduced a requirement for interoperability, which generated a demand for learning-specific interoperability specifications. Few of these have achieved significant adoption. One suc...

Software is a growing industry, and one which requires relatively low capital investment. It is also an industry that a number of nations have identified as essential to their successful participation in the future global economy. Our goal in this paper is to explore what country characteristics and strategies enable the development of a software R...

www.ipsociety.net Software’s impact on national economic development is multifaceted. Crucial development activities like modernizing existing government and business systems and attracting foreign investment require the capacity to create and deploy sophisticated software systems and share the same pool of software talent and know-how as developin...

Software presents an unusual set of problems for policy makers. As a major global industry, it has been successfully targeted by a growing number of countries for its potential to generate export revenue. At the same time, it i s an essential, high-risk, and increasingly expensive component of Information and Communications Technology (ICT)-related...

All technologies evolve, but those of us closest to a technology are sometimes slowest to see its direction. Expert systems are evolving from their problem-solving origins into a technology for distributing knowledge. Technologies are invented for a reason. Usually that reason has more to do with the inventor's personal situation than with the tech...

There is an important underlying difference in perspective between Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience: AI studies the way in which systems (computer programs) might understand such things as scenes, sentences, and problems. Neuroscience studies an organic system, the Brain, which is best viewed in terms of perpetually coming to an understandi...

The ability and compulsion to know are as characteristic of our human nature as are our physical posture and our languages. Knowledge and intelligence, as scientific concepts, are used to describe how an organism's experience appears to mediate its behavior. This report discusses the relation between artificial intelligence (AI) research in compute...

Complex systems are becoming more pervasive, yet in order for these systems to be used effectively, machine-based assistance is needed. With the advent of powerful personal systems it is anticipated that experts in various disciplines will become increasingly dependent on computational environments provided they are given a means of exploiting syst...

This is an excerpt from the Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, a compendium of hundreds of articles about AI ideas, techniques, and programs being prepared at Stanford University by AI researchers and students from across the country. In addition to articles describing the specifics of various AI programming methods, the Handbook contains dozens...

This report is the section of the Handbook of Artificial Intelligence about knowledge representation research. The Handbook is a compendium of articles about AI ideas, techniques, and systems intended for non-AI scientists, engineers, and students. The material in this report discusses the problems addressed in knowledge representation research in...

In AI knowledge representation schemes, structures that describe other structures are said to represent "meta-knowledge," or knowledge about other knowledge. After describing some studies of human behavior that demonstrate people's ability to reason about what they know and about how they reason, we review the use of explicit meta-knowledge in aeve...

This report describes research in curriculum design for computer-assisted instruction. The issues and difficulties involved in courseware development are discussed, with particular emphasis on the problems of current generative techniques. The Curriculum Information Network, as used in the Basic Instructional Program (BIP), is described in detail a...

The Basic Instructional Program (BIP) was developed to investigate tutorial modes of interaction in computer-assisted instruction. BIP is an interactive problem-solving laboratory that offers tutorial assistance to students solving introductory programming problems in the Basic language. This paper describes how the problem presentation sequence is...

The BASIC Instructional Program (BIP) was developed to investigate tutorial modes of interaction in computer-assisted instruction (CAI). BIP is a problem-solving laboratory that helps students while they are solving introductory programming problems in the BASIC language. The problems are presented in an individualized sequence based on a represent...

The BASIC Instructional Program (BIP) was developed to investigate tutorial modes of interaction in computer-assisted instruction (CAI). BIP is a problem-solving laboratory that helps students while they are solving introductory programming problems in the BASIC language. The problems are presented in an individualized sequence based on a represent...

A BASIC Instructional Program is being developed as a vehicle for research in tutorial modes of computer-assisted instruction (CAI). Several design features will be appropriate to training in other technical areas and applicable in other instructional settings where the development of analytic and problem-solving skills is a goal. Methods are incor...

An introductory course in computer programming is being developed at Stanford University as a vehicle for research in tutorial modes of computer-assisted instruction (CAI). Several design features will be appropriate to training in other technical areas and applicable in other instructional settings where the development of analytic and problem-sol...

The abstract for this document is available on CSA Illumina.To view the Abstract, click the Abstract button above the document title.

While technological developments have enabled global distribution of software development teams, and wage differentials have stimulated offshore software services export industries such as India's, the overriding factor in the growth of globalization in this industry is the search for talented software people. The best software talent is in increas...

Software presents an unusual set of problems as well as opportunities for policy makers. As a major global industry, it has been successfully targeted for its export potential by a growing number of countries. At the same time, it is increasingly important as a key element of the commercial and governmental infrastructure. No organization can funct...

The commercial rollout of expert systems has not been what we envisioned back in 1980, but things are not as bad as they seem. True, investors lost big money in expert systems start-up companies. And, yes, many people's careers, both AI research folk and corporate technologists, took a serious detour. And the trade press has indeed used the words "...

Más de 200 artículos breves que cubren todas las ideas importantes, técnicas y sistemas desarrollados durante 25 años de investigación en el area de inteligencia artificial.

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