Avinash Tamgadge

D Y PATIL UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY NAVI MUMBAI · ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL PATHOLOGY AND ORAL MICROBIOLOGY

Objective This retrospective observational study aims to evaluate cases of adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOTs) from 1990 to 2023, including unique environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) features. Study Design Cases of AOT were retrieved from the Oral Pathology department archives and evaluated retrospectively over a 33-year period (19...

Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant epithelial tumor with squamous differentiation. It is characterized by formation of keratin or presence of intercellular bridges. This neoplasm is also known as epidermoid carcinoma and is the second most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity. This neoplasm is seen more frequently in the lower lip, tong...

Background Odontomas are the most prevalent type of benign odontogenic tumor. They are made up of several dental hard and soft tissues arranged in diverse patterns. They have slowed growth and normally do not have any symptoms to go along with it. They are not regarded as real neoplasms and are more commonly referred to as hamartomas. There have be...

Oral mucosal melanoma is a type of pigment-producing cell malignancy that primarily affects the skin and oral mucosa, but can also affect the ears, eyes, gastrointestinal tract and vaginal mucosa. Oral mucosal melanoma has several different clinical manifestations. Even though it frequently manifests as a black-brown patch, macule, or nodular lesio...

There are many oral lesions which run a chronic course and always recur despite being treated multiple times by experts. They cause tremendous damage to multiple tissues. Many oral diseases have orofacial manifestations only, while others are associated with multiple serious systemic manifestations. Various researchers across the globe have been st...

Teeth are considered to be the prime organs for mastication, speech, and esthetics. The basic structure of tooth involves enamel, dentin, and pulp. Each of these is formed by specialized structures during the various phases of tooth development. One of such specialized structures forming dentin of the tooth are odontoblasts. Being present at the pe...

Oral lesions of the jaw has been well explained in the literature through high-quality 2D clinical, radiographic, and histopathological images. But the clinicians and most of the times students too, don't understand the histopathological aspect through the description of text and existing 2D images. This article is preliminary attempt to explain th...

Introduction: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a developmental odontogenic cyst of the jaws that causes extensive destruction even before the clinical manifestations are evident. It is a well-known entity among private practitioners as it has a high recurrence rate and requires meticulous treatment planning. Unfortunately, clinicians have less unde...

Background Effect of the oral cancerous epithelial cells on the extracellular matrix (ECM) and vice versa is also responsible for the growth and progression of cancer. The effect of inflammation on the stroma and its association with progression has also been stated in literature. Materials and Methods The control group consisted of 10 patients wi...

Research patent - German patent on Hypothesis to answer existing drawback of caries pathogenesis.

Our Invention "Oral Healthcare Using Mobile Health Apps" is a While there is an always expanding utilization of cell phones as of late, PDA based portable (applications) are not really utilized by the general population to work on oral wellbeing. Consequently, this cross-sectional review was led to assess the elements of the current oral wellbeing...

Plasma cell neoplasms may present in the bone as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, solitary plasmacytoma of bone, multifocal plasma cell neoplasm of bones known as multiple myeloma (MM) and in soft tissues as extramedullary plasmacytoma. MM is a malignant disease of atypical plasma cells characterized by their multifocal prolifera...

Review Article

Review Article

Tobacco and humans have a long-standing relationship, much like food and tea. Many uses of tobacco appear to have originated from snuffing. As snuffing implements are among the oldest tobacco-related items yet discovered. Tobacco was chewed, eaten, drank (like tea), smeared on bodies (to kill lice and other parasites), and used in eye drops and ene...

Effects of pH fluctuation of blood and interstitial fluid have a tremendous effect on bone which leads to osteoporosis. This evidence has been widely mentioned in dental and medical literature. However, the same interstitial fluid enters teeth too through the apical foramen and periodontal space. Thus, it will have a similar effect in teeth too. Th...

Ameloblasts are highly sensitive enamel-forming cells. They are derived from ectoderm and undergo a series of transformative changes in their life cycle. The functional efficiency of ameloblasts depends on various factors such as intracellular and extracellular environment, epithelial–mesenchymal interactions, and genetic control. Enamel formation...

Fibrous dysplasia is a fibro-osseous lesion of the jaw which runs a chronic course. It has been well explained in the literature through high-quality 2D clinical, radiographic, and histopathological images. But the clinicians and most of the times students too, don't understand the histopathological aspect of fibrous dysplasia through the descripti...

The process of tooth development is both, fascinating and well-described aspect of embryology. Although a big deal of the dental literature is being focused to the understanding of early stages of tooth development, still huge gap exist in our knowledge on how the dental hard tissues are formed, based on available images and descriptions. Tooth dev...

Oral lichen planus is a chronic mucocutaneous disorder. There are plethora of 2D histopathological images, but 3D images and 3D animation video of the same have not been published so far. , this copyright has been awarded to authors from government of india

Background: Oral cancer is strongly associated with the habit of tobacco chewing, alcohol, and betel quid consumption in India. However, sometimes, majority of the population develop oral cancer without exposure to these risk factors and are sometimes cautious about their fitness, suggesting that additional causes such as genetic predisposition, d...

Background: An enamel rod is the basic unit of tooth enamel measuring 4 μm wide to 8 μm high and is tightly packed, highly organized mass of hydroxyapatite crystals, which are hexagonal in shape and provide rigidity to the rods and strengthen the enamel. In cross section, it is best compared to a keyhole with the top, or head, oriented toward the c...

Objective: Glandular odontogenic cyst is an extremely rare lesion of the jaw. Its aggressive behavior and high recurrence rate makes it important while excising. Both clinical and radiographic features were nonspecific due to the similarities with other lesions therefore it can be misdiagnosed very easily. This article presents another case of Gla...

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder, characterized by progressive fibrosis of the lamina propria and underlying connective tissue. It has high chances of malignant transformation. It is caused by betel nut which is very common habit among Indians. Thus, regular monitoring of histopathological changes is mandatory by p...

Objectives: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder. Although it shows atrophic epithelium, it has a high proliferative capacity. Therefore, this study correlates the Ki-67. (The name "ki" is derived from the city of origin [Kiel, Germany] expression with functional grading and epithelial thickness in OSMF). Methods: T...

Brief Background Department of Oral Pathology provides a routine diagnostic pathology service for their associated dental hospitals and a specialist referral service for general histopathologists who may be confronted with unfamiliar lesions in the head, neck and face regions.Despite literature that have stressed the importance of oral pathology se...

Oral lichen planus is a chronic mucocutaneous disorder. There are plethora of 2D histopathological images, but 3D images and 3D animation video of the same have not been published so far. Therefore, this article is a preliminary attempt to present the same which the author has designed herself.

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is characterized histologically by epithelial basal cell destruction and a dense subepithelial lymphocytic infiltrate. Mast cells (MCs) play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease causing changes in the basement membrane (BM). BM is seen as continuous or fragmented, distinct or indistinct, an...

Objective: Ameloblastoma is a rare odontogenic neoplasm with high recurrence rates if improperly treated. If left untreated (or is treated inadequately), it can cause substantial morbidity, disfigurement, and even death. Hence, there is a need to explore the stromal cells too, which might play an important role in assessing its aggressive behavior...

Objective: The nature of calcifications in fibro-osseous lesions is difficult to differentiate under hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain and could be misleading. Special stains could be used. Modified Gallego's stain is a differential stain for hard tissues, which has been discussed recently in the literature. Methods: Retrospective study was...

The aim of this article was to present an asymptomatic lesion with insignificant clinical findings which turned out to be metastatic lesion in the jaws with primary in lung. The most common site of lung metastasis in the orofacial region is the mandible, but in our case it was seen in the maxilla. Metastases to the jaw bones occur in later stages....

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops from potentially malignant lesions. Cells of the immune system are comprised of lymphoid series and myeloid progenitor series cells. Mast cells (MCs) and tissue eosinophils are both granulocytes which come under the myeloid progenitor series of the immune cells system. Inflammatory cells are...

Objective: Descriptive pathology in surgical biopsy reports is mainly about writing histopathology reports. However, it is almost always performed under the pressure of time and accuracy. Accuracy is critical because the patient is still alive and the clinician is going to act on the diagnosis quickly. Most reports are evaluated and generated by a...

Introduction: Dental caries is a microbial disease which affects retentive areas of the teeth. It has shown significant increase in incidence and prevalence in modern population. Various theories have been postulated in an attempt to explain the etiopathogenesis of dental caries. Despite their popularity, there are many questions which various theo...

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to quantitatively estimate the number of mitotic figures (MFs) and evaluate the cellular and nuclear features of various histological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using Feulgen and 1% crystal violet stains. Methods: This case-control study took place at the Dr D. Y. Patil Dental Coll...

In standard medical terminology, dysplasia means an abnormality of development, while in histomorphology, it expresses cellular and structural changes in the epithelium. It is a histopathological finding seen in potentially malignant disorders. There are plethora of histopathological 2D images available in literature of epithelial dysplasia but 3D...

Neurofibroma is a benign tumor of nerve tissue origin, derived from the cells that constitute the nerve sheath. It is commonly found in soft tissues, but the intraosseous occurrence of solitary neurofibroma in the head and neck is comparatively rare, with the most common site being mandible. This article presents a case report of neurofibroma on th...

Introduction: It is extremely difficult to deliver best dental treatment to highly anxious patients. Therefore there is an urgent need to find measures to reduce the anxiety levels without causing any side effects. Therefore this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of music on the anxiety level of the patients who were undergoing dental trea...

Juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) is a rare, benign, locally aggressive entity of the extragnathic craniofacial bones with a high tendency towards recurrence. Two distinctive microscopic patterns of juvenile ossifying fibroma have been described: a trabecular juvenile ossifying fibroma (TrJOF) and a psammomatoid juvenile ossifying fibroma (PJOF). Ps...

Background and objective: Candida albicans (C. albicans) play a significant role in oral mucosal carcinogenesis. It can be identified using various techniques in cytological smears. But, very few studies have been conducted on histopathological sections using calcofluor white M2R under fluorescent microscopy. Additionally, detection and quantificat...

Intraoral fibrous overgrowths of the soft tissues are relatively common and may be benign reactive or neoplastic and are mostly associated or occur in response to inflammation. Collagen is the principle component of such overgrowth and could be fibrous or inflammatory. There have been many studies of collagen but its correlation with inflammation h...

Juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) is a rare, benign, locally aggressive entity of the extragnathic craniofacial bones with a high tendency towards recurrence. Two distinctive microscopic patterns of juvenile ossifying fibroma have been described: a trabecular juvenile ossifying fibroma (TrJOF) and a psammomatoid juvenile ossifying fibroma (PJOF). Ps...

Dental health care professionals should be aware that methamphetamine use has become widespread in India. The allure of this drug is that it is cheap, easy to make and the high lasts much longer than crack cocaine (12 hours versus one hour for cocaine). As well as being a potent central nervous system stimulant that can cause permanent brain damage...

Objectives Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) caused by dense deposition of collagen fibers which is a protein. There is a plethora of research to evaluate degree of collagen deposition using various simple histochemical techniques, but its correlation with total serum protein (TSP) level has not been explored so far. Materials and Methods This case–c...

Central giant cell granuloma is a benign, aggressive neoplasm composed of multinucleated giant cells that almost exclusively occurs in the jaws though extra-gnathic incidence is rare.Multifocal CGCGs of the jaws are very rare and suggestive of systemic diseases such as hyperparathyroidism,an inherited syndrome such as Noonan-like multiple giant cel...

The keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), formerly known as odontogenic keratocyst, is a benign developmental odontogenic tumor with many distinguishing clinical and histologic features. Hard tissue deposits, which usually take the form of dystrophic calcifications, cartilaginous tissue, or dentinoid, are uncommon findings in the connective tissue...

Multiple Dental anomalies are rare findings in asymptomatic patient. Here, a case of multiple anomalies in permanent dentition is reported. Routine oral examination revealed fusio anterior region view, multiple supernumerary teeth on either side were seen. The article describes unique case of multiple developmental anomalies in an as Copyright©2016...

Multiple Dental anomalies are rare findings in asymptomatic patient. Here, a case of multiple anomalies in permanent dentition is reported. Routine oral examination revealed fusio anterior region view, multiple supernumerary teeth on either side were seen. The article describes unique case of multiple developmental anomalies in an as Copyright©2016...

Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is an uncommon, benign, asymptomatic mucocutaneous lesion of an unknown etiopathology. It usually presents as a papule or single plaque with a verrucous or a papillomatous surface and pale yellowish to red in color. It occurs primarily on the masticatory mucosa of middle-aged individuals. We report a case of VX on the lip...

Introduction: In the WHO classification of odontogenic tumours, hard tissue formation has been considered as a sub-classification however, this parameter has not been much explored in dental follicle in literature. Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions play an important role in odontogenesis and its associated pathologies; therefore research on dent...

Neurilemmomas are benign tumors of peripheral nerve sheath Schwann cells. One of the variants of neurilemmoma is the ancient type of neurilemmoma characterized by degenerative features such as cystic degeneration, calcification, hemorrhage and hyalinization which could be easily misdiagnosed. Their occurrence in oral cavity is extremely rare and in...

Background: Oral exfoliative cytology is a novel technique of using cells to detect dysplastic changes in the oral cavity in potentially malignant disorders and malignant oral lesions in resourced challenged areas. The aim of this study was to compare specimen adequacy and cellular clarity between oral rinse-based smears and conventional smears in...

Background: Odontogenic epithelium plays an important role in the histogenesis of odontogenic tumors of the jaws. Ameloblastomas, which arise from odontogenic epithelium, are considered benign with little tendency to metastasize. Tumors require an adequate supply of oxygen and a way to remove their waste products. This can be achieved by angiogene...

Background: Macrophages are important cells for the innate immunity. Circulating monocytes are attracted to tissues by chemotactic factors and become macrophages under the influence of their microenvironment. Several studies suggested that local and systemic upregulation of fibrogenic cytokines and downregulation of antifibrotic cytokine are centr...

Background & objectives: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a condition where excessive deposition of dense collagen fibers occurred in the connective tissue of oral mucosa. An alteration of collagen necessitates an in depth understanding of collagen in oral tissues as no breakthrough studies have been reported. T herefore the aim was to correlate...

Background: Basement membrane (BM) is a thick sheet of extracellular matrix molecules, upon which epithelial cells attach. Various immunohistochemical studies in the past have been carried out but these advanced staining techniques are expensive and not feasible in routine laboratories. Although hematoxylin and eosin (H-E) is very popular among pa...

Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) is of particular interest because its recurrence rate is high and its behavior is aggressive. Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), which is also known as Gorlin syndrome, is a hereditary condition characterized by a wide range of developmental abnormalities and with a predisposition to neoplasms. These...

Background: Lesions of odontogenic origin comprise the heterogeneous group ranging from hamartomatous proliferations, cysts to benign and malignant tumors. Interplay between the epithelium and connective tissue can be assumed to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of odontogenic cysts. Aims and Objectives: A study was taken up to show the r...

Background: Oral Histopathology is the study of diseased tissues in a lifelike manner. Unfortunately biopsy tissue gives two dimensional and static images. Additionally the descriptions of such images are in three dimensional terms such as cords, arcading, organoid etc., which most of the time is confusing to the students and readers. Therefore it...

Background: Oral Histopathology is the study of diseased tissues in a lifelike manner. Unfortunately biopsy tissue gives two dimensional and static images. Additionally the descriptions of such images are in three dimensional terms such as cords, arcading, organoid etc., which most of the time is confusing to the students and readers. Therefore it...

Odontogenic neoplasms of predominantly clear cells are unusual. They represent a diagnostic dilemma, and as a result, treatment strategies are diverse. CCOC is a potentially aggressive tumor with a tendency for recurrence. Treatment strategies should be directed toward wide surgical resection with confirmation of tumor-free margins. Lymph node diss...

The extracellular matrix (ECM) performs a very important function in growth regulation, tissue differentiation and organization. Diseases of pulp are seen in all ages. Collagen, the main macromolecule of dental pulp, varies in its number, thickness and distribution with age. Hence a study was designed to identify and analyze the collagen fibers in...

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are a rare benign lesion seen as locally destructive, rapidly expansile, and mostly affecting the long bones and vertebrae. The association of ABCs with juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (PsJOF) is predominantly seen in the extragnathic region, and it is extremely rare with only a few cases reported so far in the...

Lipomas are benign soft tissue mesenchymal neoplasms. Fibrolipoma is a histological variant of lipoma that mostly affects the buccal mucosa and causes functional and cosmetic disabilities. The diagnosis and differentiation of fibrolipoma with clinically similar lesions such as fibroma and pleomorphic adenoma is very essential for a correct treatmen...

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), the principle malignancy of peripheral nerve origin, though rare in the general population, occurs with excessive frequency among patients with neurofi bromatosis. This tumor always arises in soft-tissues, usually found in the lower extremities and only 10-12% of all lesions occur in the head and nec...

Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related deaths and a major challenge in today's cancer management. Although many new therapies against malignant tumors have been developed over the last few years, the prognosis of most malignancies remains unfavorable, once metastatic spread has occurred. There are plethora of studies indicating that the int...

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), the principle malignancy of peripheral nerve origin, though rare in the general population, occurs with excessive frequency among patients with neurofibromatosis. This tumor always arises in soft-tissues, usually found in the lower extremities and only 10-12% of all lesions occur in the head and neck...

Myoepithelials are found in sweat glands, mammary glands, lacrimal glands, and salivary glands. They are important components of salivary gland structure, aiding the expulsion of saliva from acinar lobules. However, we currently know very little about the cellular and molecular characteristics of myoepithelial cell precursors, as well as their poss...

Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (PIOSCC) derived from an odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the jaws, which is locally aggressive with quite poor prognosis. The incidence of carcinomas arising in odontogenic cysts was reported to be approximately 1-2/1000. The number of well-documented cases of PIOSCC ex OKC i...