Aveni Haynes

• BA(Hons), MBBChir, PhD
• Principal Research Fellow, Adjunct Associate Professor at The Kids Research Institute Australia & Life for a Child

This cohort study examines whether there is a temporal association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of islet autoimmunity among Australian children with a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes.

Aims Evidence on outcomes of treating type 1 diabetes (T1D) with long‐acting basal insulins in low‐resourced settings is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of switching children and youth with T1D in the low‐income country of Mali from human insulin via syringe to long‐acting biosimilar insulin glargine delivered by reusable pens comb...

Globally, nearly 9 million people are living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). While the incidence of T1D is not affected by socio-economic status, the development of complications and limited access to modern therapy is overrepresented in vulnerable populations. Diabetes technology, specifically continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and automated insulin...

Aim To explore parents’ experiences of using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in their young children with early-stage type 1 diabetes, being followed in the Australian Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) study. Methods Parents of children with persistent islet autoimmunity who enrolled in the ENDIA CGM sub-study were invit...

Aims/hypothesis Dietary patterns characterised by high intakes of vegetables may lower the risk of pre-eclampsia and premature birth in the general population. The effect of dietary patterns in women with type 1 diabetes, who have an increased risk of complications in pregnancy, is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationshi...

Aim One third of Australian children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes present with life‐threatening diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis. Screening for early‐stage, presymptomatic type 1 diabetes, with ongoing follow‐up, can substantially reduce this risk (<5% risk). Several screening models are being trialled internationally, without consensus o...

OBJECTIVE Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can detect early dysglycemia in older children and adults with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes (T1D) and predict risk of progression to clinical onset. However, CGM data for very young children at greatest risk of disease progression are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the use of CGM data measur...

Introduction The Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) Study is an ongoing Australian prospective cohort study investigating how modifiable prenatal and early-life exposures drive the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children. In this profile, we describe the cohort’s parental demographics, maternal...

OBJECTIVE Technology use in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is impacted by socioeconomic status (SES). This analysis explored relationships between SES, glycemic outcomes, and technology use. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of HbA1c data from 2,822 Australian youth with T1D was undertaken. Residential postcodes were used to assign SES...

Background Technology use, including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and insulin pump therapy, is associated with improved outcomes in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In 2017 CGM was universally funded for youth with T1D in Australia. In contrast, pump access is primarily accessed through private health insurance, self-funding or philanthropy...

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is well-recognised as a continuum heralded by the development of islet autoantibodies, progression to islet autoimmunity causing beta cell destruction, culminating in insulin deficiency and clinical disease. Abnormalities of glucose homeostasis are known to exist well before the onset of typical symptoms. Laboratory-based test...

Aims/introduction: Autoantibodies to pancreatic islet antigens identify young children at high risk of type 1 diabetes. On a background of genetic susceptibility, islet autoimmunity is thought to be driven by environmental factors, of which enteric viruses are prime candidates. We sought evidence for enteric pathology in children genetically at-ri...

Objective: To determine the incidence and incidence trends over 2001-2022 of childhood onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Western Australia and assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Children newly diagnosed with T1D aged 0-14 years in Western Australia from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2022 were identified from the population-based W...

Background: The Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) pregnancy-birth cohort investigates the developmental origins of type 1 diabetes (T1D), with recruitment between 2013 and 2019. ENDIA is the first study in the world with comprehensive data and biospecimen collection during pregnancy, at birth and through childhood from at-ris...

Background An increased prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children was observed in various diabetes centres worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to evaluate trends in the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of paediatric type 1 diabetes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to ide...

Objective: To investigate in a population-based pediatric cohort: prevalence of moderate-severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis over two decades and its association with long-term glycemic control. Methods: Children <16 years diagnosed with T1D in Western Australia 2000-2019 were included and followed up for ≤14 ye...

Background: The Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) study is an Australia-wide pregnancy-birth cohort study following children who have a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes (ACTRN1261300794707). A dedicated ENDIA Facebook page was established in 2013 with the aim of enhancing recruitment and supporting participant rete...

OBJECTIVE Pregnancy and type 1 diabetes are each associated with increased anxiety and depression, but the combined impact on well-being is unresolved. We compared the mental health of women with and without type 1 diabetes during pregnancy and postpartum and examined the relationship between mental health and glycemic control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND...

Aims Studies of the gut microbiome have focused on its bacterial composition. We aimed to characterize the gut fungal microbiome (mycobiome) across pregnancy in women with and without type 1 diabetes. Methods Faecal samples (n=162) were collected from 70 pregnant women (45 with and 25 without type 1 diabetes) across all trimesters. Fungi were anal...

Aims To update and extend a previous cross-sectional international comparison of glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes. Methods Data were obtained for 520,392 children and adults with type 1 diabetes from 17 population and five clinic-based data sources in countries or regions between 2016 and 2020. Median HbA1c(IQR) and proportions of...

BACKGROUND Recruitment and retention of research participants is challenging. Social media, particularly Facebook, has emerged as a tool for connecting with participants due to its high uptake in the community. The Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) study is an Australia-wide prospective pregnancy-birth cohort following childr...

Objective: This study aimed to describe the vitamin D status of pregnant women in Western Australia and identify predictors of deficiency in pregnancy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using linked data from statewide administrative data collections. Participants included pregnant women aged 18-44 years who gave birth between 2012...

Objectives To determine demographic and clinical characteristics of youth diagnosed with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 (T2D) diabetes aged ≤15 years from 1999-2019 in Western Australia, and examine time to first diagnosis of diabetes complications. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients identified from the population-based, prospe...

Background The gut microbiome changes in response to a range of environmental conditions, life events and disease states. Pregnancy is a natural life event that involves major physiological adaptation yet studies of the microbiome in pregnancy are limited and their findings inconsistent. Pregnancy with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with incre...

The Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) Study is an Australia‐wide observational pregnancy‐birth cohort of children at genetic risk on account of a first‐degree relative with type 1 diabetes (1). 1511 participants were recruited from all Australian States and Territories from 2013‐2019 with 1473 live‐born infants in follow‐up....

Background: In addition to the acute illness associated with DKA at diagnosis of T1D in children, there is some evidence of its association with poor long-term glycaemic outcomes, increasing risk of complications. With growing global interest in screening for pre-diabetes in children, long-term outcomes are an important consideration in terms of ec...

Background The gut microbiome changes in response to a range of environmental conditions, life events and disease states. Pregnancy is a natural life event that involves major physiological adaptation yet studies of the microbiome in pregnancy are limited and their findings inconsistent. Pregnancy with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with incre...

Aim We aimed to monitor pancreatic exocrine function longitudinally in relation to the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in at‐risk children with a first‐degree relative with type 1 diabetes, who were followed prospectively in the Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) study. Methods Fecal elastase‐1 (FE‐1) co...

Objective To determine the incidence of childhood onset type 1 diabetes in Australia from 2002 to 2017, and analyse incidence rate trends by calendar year, sex and age at diagnosis. Research Design and Methods Children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes aged <15舁years between 2002 and 2017 were identified from the National Diabetes Register, est...

Background The gut microbiome changes in response to a range of external influences, life events and disease. Pregnancy is a natural life event involving major physiological adaptation but studies of the microbiome across pregnancy are scarce and findings inconsistent. Pregnancy in which the mother has type 1 diabetes (T1D) with disturbed glucose-i...

Background: Microbial exposures in utero and early life shape the infant microbiome, which can profoundly impact on health. Compared to the bacterial microbiome, very little is known about the virome. We set out to characterize longitudinal changes in the gut virome of healthy infants born to mothers with or without type 1 diabetes using comprehen...

Objective: To investigate temporal trends in glycemic control and severe hypoglycemia rates for pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes from 1995 to 2016 by analyzing data from the longitudinal, prospective, population-based German/Austrian (Diabetes Patient History Documentation [DPV]) and Western Australian (Western Australian Children's Diabete...

Aim The primary aim of the current study was to determine if it is cost effective to use HLA typing as a first line screening test for celiac disease (CD) in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), as recommended by the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN). The second aim was to investigate whether anti‐ti...

Background The importance of gut bacteria in human physiology, immune regulation and disease pathogenesis is well established. In contrast, the composition and dynamics of the gut virome are largely unknown; particularly lacking are studies in pregnancy. We used comprehensive virome capture sequencing to characterize the gut virome of pregnant wome...

Objective: To determine the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) in Western Australia from 2011 to 2016, and to examine the temporal trends between 1985 and 2016. Methods: An observational cohort study was undertaken of all children newly diagnosed with T1D aged 0 to 14 years in Western Australia from 1985 to 2016. Cases were id...

Background: Pediatric patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Western Australia (WA) are managed by a single, specialist multidisciplinary diabetes service based at a central tertiary hospital in the capital city, Perth, which provides outreach care in regional centers. Objective: To investigate the hypothesis that outcomes for a contem...

Objective: To examine the association between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and severe hypoglycemia rates in patients with type 1 diabetes receiving usual care, by analysing data from the US Type 1 Diabetes Exchange (T1DX), German/Austrian Diabetes Patienten Verlaufsdokumenation (DPV), and Western Australian Children Diabetes Database (WACDD) diabet...

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and incidence rate trends for type 1 diabetes mellitus in children aged 0-14 years, Australia-wide, from 2000 to 2011. Cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus diagnosed in 0- to 14-year-olds were identified from the National (insulin-treated) Diabetes Register, with a 97% ascertainment rate. Annual age...

Allergic diseases are a major cause of morbidity in the developed world, now affecting up to 40 % of the population with no evidence that this is abating. If anything, the prevalence of early onset allergic diseases such as eczema and food allergy appears to be still increasing. This is almost certainly due to the changing modern environment and li...

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and type 1 diabetes in the offspring, using complete population data sources available in Western Australia. A prospective cohort study was undertaken with cases defined as children born in Western Australia between 1998 and 2008 who were diagnosed wi...

OBJECTIVE To examine the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes in Western Australia from 1985–2010. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Incidence rates were calculated for children aged 0–14 years and were analyzed by calendar year, sex, and age at diagnosis. RESULTS There were 1,873 cases, and the mean incidence was 18.1/100,000 person-years (95% CI: 1...

To investigate perinatal risk factors for childhood Type 1 diabetes in Western Australia, using a complete population-based cohort. Children born between 1980 and 2002 and diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes aged < 15 years (n = 940) up to 31 December 2003 were identified using a prospective population-based diabetes register with a case ascertainment r...

To analyze the incidence of type 1 diabetes in 0- to 14-year olds in Western Australia, from 1985 to 2002, by region and socioeconomic status. Primary case ascertainment was from the prospective population-based Western Australian Diabetes Register, and secondary case ascertainment was from the Western Australian Hospital Morbidity Data System. The...

To document diagnosis rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents in Western Australia over the past 12 years, the clinical characteristics of these patients and any comorbidities. Review of a prospectively recorded diabetes database. Tertiary paediatric referral centre (the only such centre in WA). All children and adolescents ag...

Our aim was to determine the incidence of Type 1 diabetes in children who were 0 to 14 years of age in Western Australia from 1985 to 2002, and to analyse the trends in incidence rate over the same period. Primary case ascertainment was from a prospective population-based diabetes register that was established in 1987, and secondary case ascertainm...