Augustine Odili

University of Abuja

To assess in individual-person meta-analyses how out-of-office blood pressure (BP) contributes to risk stratification and the management of hypertension, an international consortium set up the International Databases on Ambulatory (IDACO) and Home (IDHOCO) Blood Pressure in Relation to Cardiovascular Outcome. This review summarizes key findings of...

Raised blood pressure (BP) is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. Yet, its global prevalence is increasing, and it remains poorly detected, treated, and controlled in both high-and low-resource settings. From the perspective of members of the International Society of Hypertension based in all regions, we reflect on the past, presen...

Raised blood pressure (BP) is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. Yet, its global prevalence is increasing, and it remains poorly detected, treated, and controlled in both high-and low-resource settings. From the perspective of members of the International Society of Hypertension based in all regions, we reflect on the past, presen...

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is asignificant public health challenge, with increasing prevalence and mortality. A significant proportion of the burden of this disorder occurs in middle- and low-income countries. Unfortunately, the rising number of individuals with a new OSA diagnosis and its consequences are frequently underestimated...

With the rising prevalence of hypertension, especially in Africa, understanding the dynamics of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors is key in managing hypertension. To address existing gaps in evidence of these factors, this study was carried out. A cross-sectional survey using a modified WHO STEPS questionnaire was conducted among 3782 adult N...

Background: Hypertension control remains a significant challenge in reducing the cardiovascular disease burden worldwide. Community peer-support groups have been identified as a promising strategy to improve medication adherence and blood pressure (BP) control. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and impact of adherence clubs...

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of dyslipidaemia in adults in Nigeria. Methods: Using the WHO criteria, we determined dyslipidaemia using serum lipid levels of 3 211 adult Nigerians, aged at least 18 years, obtained between March 2017 and February 2018 from two communities (rural and urban) in a state fr...

Objective To address to what extent central hemodynamic measurements, improve risk stratification, and determine outcome-based diagnostic thresholds, we constructed the International Database of Central Arterial Properties for Risk Stratification (IDCARS), allowing a participant-level meta-analysis. The purpose of this article was to describe the c...

Background Hypertension and diabetes cause chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction (DVD) as forerunners of disability and death. Home blood pressure telemonitoring (HTM) and urinary peptidomic profiling (UPP) are technologies enabling prevention. Methods UPRIGHT-HTM (Urinary Proteomics Combined with Home Blood Press...

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30...

Objective: Assessing the state of hypertension care remains the first step towards planning a robust health system needed to tackle the rising burden of hypertension. Prior to the commencement of the Community Action Against Non-Communicable Disease project, we assessed hypertension care using the hypertension care cascade (HCC). This will serve a...

The aim of this study is to estimate the frequency of undetected hypertension across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. We conducted an opportunistic screening of adults aged at least 18 years in the month of May 2019. Participants were recruited by trained volunteers using the May Measurement Month protocol. Blood pressure (BP) was measured us...

Background Evidence linking homocysteine (Hcy) with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) or its risk factors are limited in a sub-Saharan black population. Objective We set out to evaluate the association between Hcy and hypertension and other CVD risk factors in a population of adult Nigerians. Methods Data of 156 adults aged 18–70 years was accessed f...

Background Estimating the burden of hypertension in Nigeria hitherto relied on clinic blood pressure (BP) measurement alone. This excludes individuals with masked hypertension (MH) i.e. normotensive clinic but hypertensive out-of-clinic BP. Method In a nationally representative sample of adult Nigerians, we obtained clinic BP using auscultatory me...

Background: Evidence linking homocysteine (Hcy) with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) or its risk factors are insufficient in a Sub-Saharan black population. Objective: We set out to evaluate the association between Hcy and hypertension and other CVD risk factors in a population of adult Nigerians. Methods: Data of 156 adults aged 18-70years was acces...

Background Population wide salt reduction programmes are cost effective strategies for control of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Obtaining a nationwide salt consumption data in a multi-cultural setting as Nigeria's is key for proper implementation and monitoring of such strategy. Methods We measured sodium in 24-hour urine of free-living adult Ni...

Assessment of level of salt intake in a population is the first step toward planning strategies aimed at salt reduction. As a surrogate of salt intake, we measured a single 24‐hour urine sodium (uNa) of free‐living 2503 adults in a nationally representative sample of Nigerians drawn from 12 rural and urban communities; and evaluated the community‐l...

Background: Previous studies that evaluated the prevalence, awareness and treatment of hypertension in Nigeria were either localized to some specific regions of the country or non-standardized thereby making evaluation of trend in hypertension care difficult. Methods: We used the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach to chronic disea...

Background Events in pregnancy play an important role in predisposing the newborn to the risk of developing CHD. This study evaluated the association between maternal preeclampsia and her offspring risk of CHD. Methods This is a cohort study of 90 sex-matched neonates (45 each born to women with preeclampsia and normal pregnancy) in Jos, Nigeria....

Purpose: Previous studies that addressed whether left ventricular hypertrophy is more closely associated with central than peripheral blood pressure (BP) have been inconsistent. Radial artery wave generated by applanation tonometry and calibrated with brachial BP in 162 adult Nigerians were analysed by using generalized transfer function to derive...

Introduction The prevalence of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa is among the world’s highest; however, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in this region are suboptimal. Among other barriers, the overburdened healthcare system poses a great challenge for hypertension control. Community peer-support groups are an alternative and promi...

Purpose: Previous studies that evaluated the prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria were either clinic based, non-standardized or did not include out-of-clinic blood pressure (BP) measurement. Materials and Methods: We selected a rural and an urban community in one state in each of the 6 geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Five consecutive BP of adults o...

Background: The association of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (ECG-LVH) with blood pressure (BP) in Blacks living in sub-Saharan Africa remains poorly documented. Methods: In 225 Black Nigerians and 729 White Flemish, we analyzed QRS voltages and voltage-duration products and 12 criteria diagnostic of ECG-LVH in relation to of...

Figure S1. Heart failure risk calculator.

There have been several experimental pain studies in North America to compare between African Americans and European Americans but no data on the response of Sub-Saharan Africans living in Africa. We decided to conduct an investigation into the psychosocial factors that influence response to experimentally-induced pain in Nigerians living Nigeria.

Hitherto, diagnosis of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa was largely based on conventional office blood pressure (BP). Data on the prevalence of masked hypertension (MH) in this region is scarce. Among individuals with normal office BP (<140/90 mm Hg), we compared the prevalence and determinants of MH diagnosed with self-monitored home blood press...

Whether environmental exposure to nephrotoxic agents that potentially interfere with calcium homeostasis, such as lead and cadmium, contribute to the incidence of nephrolithiasis needs further clarification. We investigated the relation between nephrolithiasis incidence and environmental lead and cadmium exposure in a general population. In 1302 pa...

The Korotkoff approach is the only blood pressure (BP) measurement technique that allows contemporary data to be compared with decades of research. We randomly recruited 4483 people (53.3% women; mean age 52.1 years) from Gaoyou County, Jiangsu Province, China. Nine observers recorded the participants™ BP three times consecutively following Chinese...

This study was aimed at finding a relationship between pain modulators in the blood and physiological pain in apparently healthy Nigerians. It also aimed at establishing a pilot study for finding reference values for plasma levels of substance P, serotonin and tryptophan for the first time among Nigerians. Volunteers were made up of 110 residents o...

To generate outcome-driven thresholds for home blood pressure (BP) in the elderly, we analyzed 375 octogenarians (60.3% women; 83.0 years [mean]) enrolled in the International Database on home BP in relation to cardiovascular outcome. Over 5.5 years (median), 155 participants died, 76 from cardiovascular causes, whereas 104, 55, 36, and 51 experien...

Objective: We investigated the characteristics of self-measured home blood pressure (HBP) in a randomly selected population of Nigerians living in Abuja, Nigeria. Methods: HBP was the average of 28 measurements comprising duplicate morning and evening readings obtained over a 7-day period by the participants using a semiautomated oscillometric d...

Recent studies have established a strong and independent association between central haemodynamics of central arteries and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Evaluation of indices of central arterial stiffness will thus improve cardiovascular risk assessment. While age modifies the structure of the aorta and as such contributes significantly t...

Disordered blood glucose metabolism is associated with poor cardiovascular disease outcomes. Relationship between casual blood glucose (CBG) and blood pressure indices among rural dwellers in Nigeria has been less studied. We measured CBG, anthropometry, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) pulse pressure (PP) and mean a...

The Side Effects of Drugs Annuals is a series of volumes in which the adverse effects of drugs and adverse reactions to them are surveyed. The series supplements the contents of Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs: the International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions. This review of the January 2012 to June 2013 publications on anti...

Sub-Saharan Africa is currently undergoing an epidemiological transition from a disease burden largely attributable to communicable diseases to that resulting from a combination of both communicable and chronic non-communicable diseases. Data on chronic disease incidence, lifestyle, environmental and genetic risk factors are sparse in this region....

Objective: In the ongoing Nigerian Population Research on Environment Gene and Health (NIPREGH), we are applying standardized epidemiologic methods to determine cardiovascular phenotypes including blood pressure (BP) among adult Black Africans of Nigerian origin. We present the quality control of the conventionally measured BP. Participants and m...

Background Compared with Caucasians, African Americans have lower heart rate variability (HRV) in the high-frequency domain, but there are no studies in blacks born and living in Africa. Methods In the Newer versus Older Antihypertensive agents in African Hypertensive patients trial (NCT01030458), patients (30–69 years) with uncomplicated hyperten...

To evaluate the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension among patients living with HIV/AIDS and to determine its contribution to cardiac dysfunction. A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out over a 6-month period at the Jos University Teaching Hospital. The subjects were 200 confirmed HIV positive patients, ≥18 years of age who consented...

Background: Few studies assessed arterial stiffness in Black hypertensive patients Born and living in sub-Saharan Africa, where cardiovascular disease reaches epidemic proportions. Methods: The Newer versus Older Antihypertensive Agents in African Hypertensive Patients (NOAAH) trial had recruited native African patients to compare the efficacy of v...

Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the determinants of HIV-related cardiac disease (HRCD) among adults in north central Nigeria. This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study recruiting patients who were HIV positive attending the HIV clinic at Jos University teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Methods A total of 200 adults who were H...

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the determinants of HIV-related cardiac disease (HRCD) among adults in north central Nigeria. This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study recruiting patients who were HIV positive attending the HIV clinic at Jos University teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 200 adults who w...

To address the epidemic of hypertension in blacks born and living in sub-Saharan Africa, we compared in a randomised clinical trial (NCT01030458) single-pill combinations of old and new antihypertensive drugs in patients (30-69 years) with uncomplicated hypertension (140-179/90-109 mm Hg). After 4 weeks off treatment, 183 of 294 screened patients...

To assess the prognostic significance of blood pressure (BP) variability, we followed health outcomes in a family-based random population sample representative of the general population (n=2944; mean age: 44.9 years; 50.7% women). At baseline, BP was measured 5 times consecutively at each of 2 home visits 2 to 4 weeks apart. We assessed within-subj...

Abstract Background The epidemic surge in hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa is not matched by clinical trials of antihypertensive agents in Black patients recruited in this area of the world. We mounted the Newer versus Older Antihypertensive agents in African Hypertensive patients (NOAAH) trial to compare, in native African patients, a single-pil...

Few studies assessed arterial stiffness in Black hypertensive patients born and living in sub-Saharan Africa, where cardiovascular disease reaches epidemic proportions.Methods The Newer versus Older Antihypertensive Agents in African Hypertensive Patients (NOAAH) trial is currently recruiting native African patients to compare the efficacy of vario...

Sub-Saharan Africa experiences an epidemic surge in hypertension. Studies in African Americans led to the recommendation to initiate antihypertensive treatment in Blacks with a diuretic or a low-dose fixed combination including a diuretic. We mounted the Newer versus Older Antihypertensive Agents in African Hypertensive Patients (NOAAH) trial to co...

Aortic aneurysm can result from both Marfan syndrome (MFS) and hypertension. Hypertension is more easily detected by the use of ubiquitous sphygmomanometer but MFS diagnosis requires a summation of a set of clinical features, including increased cardiac output from aortic regurgitation. A common complication of aortic aneurysm may result in apparen...

To the Editor: Hypertension at middle age is a risk factor for vascular and neurodegenerative dementia later in life.1 Because populations are aging, the number of demented patients will grow 2-fold every 20 years, from 24.3 million people in 2000 to 81.1 million by 2040, with >60% living in developing countries.2 The question of whether hypertens...

Microalbuminuria has been found to be associated with some cardiovascular risk factors in both diabetic and hypertensive non diabetic patients. One hundred and five newly diagnosed drug naïve hypertensive patients were recruited after excluding subjects who had clinical proteinuria, evidence of renal disease (GFR < 60 mls/min) and diabetes. Microal...

Nephrotic syndrome occurring for the first time in pregnancy is rare. We report pre-eclampsia presenting with nephrotic syndrome. A case report utilizing the case record and review of relevant literature. A 26-year-old multi-gravida who presented with nephrotic syndrome for the first time in pregnancy. Proteinuria resolved spontaneously after deliv...