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Augustine Leudar

Augustine Leudar

PhD

About

8
Publications
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Citations
Introduction

Publications

Publications (8)
Thesis
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Please note this thesis accompanies accompanies online content which can be found here : http://www.augustineleudar.com/Offline%20Website/indexphd.html Abstract: This thesis accompanies a portfolio of site specific sound installations that were delivered in the UK, Europe and South America between 2012 and 2016. The principle focus of the resear...
Article
Full-text available
The following paper provides an overview of an alternative method of recording 3D sound scenes using several separate SD card microphones as opposed to single multi-capsule ambisonic or surround sound microphones. Instructions are provided on how to set the microphones up, the appropriate directivity and positioning, and speaker setup for reproduct...
Article
Full-text available
This paper discusses a series of sound installations that combine plant electrophysiology with 3D sonic art. A brief introduction to plant electrophysiology is given. The sonification of electrophysiological signals in the mycorhizzal network is discussed explaining how art and science are combined in this project in a way that differs from simply...
Article
Full-text available
This paper gives details on how to read electrical signals in plants aimed specifically at artists or those without a background in plant electrophysiology. The information used was the result of a two month stay at the international laboratory of plant neurobiology in Florence. The second part describes a site specific multichannel sound installat...
Conference Paper
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This paper focuses on the creative application of Wavefield synthesis and aims to provide useful information for sound artists and composers. It briefly describes the history and theory behind wavefield synthesis and the author’s construction of a 32 channel wavefield synthesis system. Technical and acoustical issues which are directly relevant to...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
This paper describes an ambisonic microphone and b-format encoding software. The mic is Umashankar Mantravadi's six capsule "velan" design. The construction process, directivity, callibration and results of listening and directivity tests are discussed as well as any technical issues that arose .
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Humans localize sound sources in the horizontal plane using intaural time differences (ITDs) and interaural intensity differences (ILDs). However to assess the elevation of a sound source humans use spectral cues caused by the direction dependent filtering properties of the pinna and the delayed echo reflections of high frequency sounds from the sh...
Data
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This paper presents a brief overview of plant electrophysiology and looks at some interesting recent research in the controversially named area of plant "neurobiology" and how it might be used to create art. Action potentials have been detected both in the root systems of plants [i] and the mycelia of fungi [ii]. Some research has been conducted on...

Questions

Questions (7)
Question
On a superficial level the answer may seem obvious. It probably started with the Greeks or other ancient culture; "Do heavier things fall to the ground faster than lighter things? " "Is what we perceive objectively  real ?" etc etc  However I am looking for more specific answers to this question. In which fields did the practice of basing doctoral research on research questions begin and when ? After all its entirely possible to make new discoveries without having a specific question in mind - in fact in the arts this is still the norm.
I am assuming it started with the natural sciences and philosophy, then the humanities in general and finally made its was into artistic practice. I would be curious as to any historical landmarks in this regard however.
As I am a researcher involved in the arts, more specifically when did it become a requirement for practice based arts PhDs to be based on verbal Research questions and is this common practice everywhere ? 
Question
I have my own understanding of this but would like to see what others think to see if there is a consensus. In animals action potentials travel along nerves (bundles of axons) . We know plants have action potentials too - so what are the pathways along which these signals travel in plants ?
Question
I am a Phd researcher currently in the Amazon . I am looking to measure action potentials in plants to identify which exhibit more electrical activity and responses to various stimuli or just natural unprovoked activity. I have been using invasive Agcl electrodes but want to try ECG surface electrodes to avoid wounding potentials etc
I have a labjack U3 data aquisition board that measures between 0 - 2v (if I recompile the driver (-600mv - 2v) and some salt free hypoallergenic spectra 360 gel. I was wondering if you had any advice or tips for me on using ecg electrodes ? I realise some plants wont respond to the array and wont like the gel but any info would be greatly appreciated (eg type length of cables etc), are medical ecg electrodes ok ? Where to put the ground etc etc
Question
I can get hold of silver wire. I am measuring action potentials in plants between 20 mv and 150 mv - whats a quick way of making AGCL electrodes - please include a list of technology/materials/methods needed. Would this work : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOR8DWH2PXE ?
Question
I would like to build my own kit to measure extracellular action potentials in plants (typically 150mv). My current plan is to connect agcl electrodes (probably +/- and Earth) to operational amplifiers (differential) with a very high input impedance (10 - 15 giga ohms) connected to an arduino circuit board which will allow me to feed the data into a computer in real time. I should be able to get a fairly high sample rate with the arduino and intend to use multiple channels to get data from multiple plants or different locations in the same plant. Can anyone see any flaws in this plan or have any tips for taking readings of the action potentials in plants. For example if these action potentials travel down the fibres of the phloem do the electrodes ave to be in the same fibre etc etc Any tips greatly appreciated.
Question
I have just read a paper "Electrical currents associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal interactions". I was wondering if there has been any research done on action potentials crossing plant roots to mycelium and back to plant roots via the mycorrhizal network ? Is such a thing possible ?
Question
I have a few questions about electronic signalling in plants. What are the fastest APs found in plants ? How fast an AP can the techniques described in the "extracellular recording" section of the following paper record?
Plant APs in response to wounding, light and temperature changes are well documented - have there ever been any experiments testing plant APs in response to sound?