Astrid Schuetz

University of Bamberg · Institut für Psychologie

Emotion Recognition Accuracy (ERA) is vital for social functioning and social relationships, yet empirical support for a positive link with well-being has been sparse. In three studies, we show that the Assessment of Contextualized Emotions (ACE) which distinguishes between accurately perceiving intended emotions and bias due to perceiving addition...

Emotion Recognition Accuracy (ERA) is vital for social functioning and social relationships, yet empirical support for a positive link with well-being has been sparse. In three studies, we show that the Assessment of Contextualized Emotions (ACE) which distinguishes between accurately perceiving intended emotions and bias due to perceiving addition...

In city centers worldwide, including the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Bamberg’s old town in Germany, alleviating pedestrian overcrowding is a pressing concern. Leveraging crowd-counting technologies with real-time data collection offers promising solutions, yet poses challenges regarding data privacy and informed consent. This preregistered study...

Some theories in economics and psychology propose that background uncertainty, which is uncertainty that is independent of a person’s actual decision, can alter people’s risk-taking behavior with respect to that decision. However, previous empirical research mostly relying on single experiments is inconclusive regarding the existence of this effect...

2440 participants in 12 cultures reported on chronic/state adult attachment, self-construal, and self-other interests. Participants’ anxious and avoidant attachment were meaningfully associated with independent and interdependent self-construal and self vs. other interests. Country-level anxious and avoidant attachment moderated individual-level re...

Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Erfasst wurden berufliche Stressoren und Ressourcen von Peer Berater*innen (PB) und als wie belastend bzw. entlastend sie diese empfinden. Methode Fragebogengestützte Umfrage Ergebnisse 175 PB wurden in die Datenanalyse einbezogen und nannten Stressoren und Ressourcen in ihrem beruflichen Alltag. Psychologische Siche...

In psychological science, replicability—repeating a study with a new sample achieving consistent results (Parsons et al., 2022)—is critical for affirming the validity of scientific findings. Despite its importance, replication efforts are few and far between in psychological science with many attempts failing to corroborate past findings. This scar...

Redden and Hoch (2009) found that variety in a set of items robustly decreased the perceived quantity of the sum of these items across multiple studies. For example, a set of multicolored M&M’s was estimated to contain fewer M&M’s than an equally large set of single-colored M&M’s (e.g., Redden & Hoch, 2009, Study 3). We conducted six close replicat...

Self-compassion means being supportive and kind to oneself when experiencing failure or inadequacies. It is associated with adaptive intrapersonal and relational outcomes for individuals. This evidence was extended by using an Actor-Partner Interdependence framework. Other-sex couples (N = 209) completed measures of self-compassion, relationship-sp...

Each person starts life with certain preconditions that interact with one another and can lead to multiple discrimination. Social class and gender have effects on the education and career choices of adolescents and adults. They also impact behavior and affect, for example, how ambitious and socially oriented people are. Such tendencies are termed a...

Our study investigated gender role attitudes in narcissism. Using a representative data set (N = 2,850) from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) in Germany, we examined how two narcissism dimensions (i.e., admiration and rivalry) are related to managers’ gender role attitudes. We also expected that having a daughter is related to less traditional gende...

Whenever a stimulus is rated, that judgment can be influenced by another stimulus so that the rated stimulus is rated as more similar (assimilation) or less similar (contrast) to the other stimulus. Theories about phenomena referring to assimilation and contrast can be found in several fields of psychology. Still, the respective research is unconne...

Power can increase overconfidence and illusory thinking. We investigated whether power is also related to the illusion of explanatory depth (IOED), people’s tendency to think they understand the world in more detail, coherence, and depth than they actually do. Abstract thinking was reported as a reason for the IOED, and according to the social dist...

In psychological science, replicability—repeating a study with a new sampleachieving consistent results (Parsons et al., 2022)—is critical for affirming the validity of scientific findings. Despite its importance, replication efforts are few and far between in psychological science with many attempts failing to corroborate past findings. This scarc...

Power balance, that is, equal levels of potential influence between relationship partners, has been linked to relationship happiness. This study examined whether power balance is indeed positively related to relationship quality (RQ) for both couple members using dyadic response surface analysis (total N = 879 couples). In Studies 1 to 3, we found...

We examined whether people can accurately judge the experienced power, dominance, and prestige of others based on short texts, and what linguistic cues are related to these hierarchy-related variables. Past research suggests that personality is reflected in language, but hierarchy-another important feature in human relationships-has not been fully...

This final chapter will give an overview of the diversity of human forms of communication. It will discuss possible criteria to distinguish between them. As a navigational aid, we developed a bespoke flowchart for the identification of different communication forms.

This chapter will discuss influential conceptual approaches to human communication. It will begin with a general overview of psychological communication models before introducing a selection of classic models of communication.

This chapter will introduce and explain selected skills of nonverbal communication. In particular, we will discuss haptic signals, body language, proxemics (i.e., use of space), and physical characteristics.

Building upon an earlier model on social skills by Argyle (1983), Hargie and colleagues developed a complex communication model (Fig. 3.1) for skilled interpersonal communication (Hargie & Marshall, 1986; Hargie, 1997; Dickson et al., 1997).

In this chapter, we will discuss selected means of verbal communication. In particular, we will take a closer look at listening, questions, explanations, and laughter and humor.

This introductory chapter explains the terms communication, communicative competence (or communication competence), and communication psychology. These terms form the foundation for the remainder of this book.

This successful textbook on the psychology of communication explains - here in English for the first time - how human communication works in a very understandable way. It begins with an explanation of central terms and the explanation of known communication models (e.g. the models according to Schulz von Thun, Watzlawick, Hargie and colleagues), th...

In den letzten Jahren haben die Krankschreibungen aufgrund seelischer Erkrankungen in der Arbeitswelt zugenommen. Mittlerweile sind in vielen verschiedenen Branchen die Auslöser dafür untersucht worden und Arbeitsanforderungen sowie verschiedene weitere Risikofaktoren wurden identifiziert. Im psychiatrischen Arbeitsbereich sind bisher häufig Pflege...

Menschen in psychosozialen Berufen, wie z.B. Pflegekräfte oder Ärzt:innen sind überdurchschnittlich häufig beruflichem Stress ausgesetzt, der bei hoher Intensität zu psychischen Erkrankungen wie Depressionen führen kann. Aus stresspsychologischen Untersuchungen ist bekannt, dass berufliche Ressourcen helfen, Stress am Arbeitsplatz zu bewältigen. Pe...

Dominance and prestige reflect different forms of power and can affect relationship outcomes. Whereas dominance is a conflict-oriented way of dealing with people and grabbing status, prestige is derived from respect and esteem that is granted by others due to superior skills and knowledge. In this research, we tested three partially competing persp...

Emotional intelligence (EI) is important for mental health and successful human interaction. We aimed to test the psychometric properties of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale in the Cuban population. In Study 1 (N = 625), the scale had high internal consistency and the expected three-factor structure. We had to remove one item, as it was negatively correla...

Intelligence and noncognitive factors such as conscientiousness are strongly related to academic performance. As theory and research differ with respect to their interplay in predicting performance, the present study examines whether conscientiousness compensates for intelligence or enhances the effect of intelligence on performance in 3775 13th gr...

With the growing popularity of online courses, there is an increasing need for scientifically validated online interventions that can improve emotional competencies. We addressed this demand by evaluating an extended version of the Web-Based Emotional Intelligence Training (WEIT 2.0) program. Based on the four-branch model of emotional intelligence...

Background Self-tracking – the collection, storage, analysis, and evaluation of self-related data (e.g., on one’s diet, fitness activities, sports performance, or finances) – is a recent and widespread trend. Less is known about who engages in self-tracking. We expected perfectionism to be linked to self-tracking because performance optimization is...

Although replication studies are crucial for science, few researchers conduct them or succeed to publish them. To provide a starting point for researchers who want to evaluate the replicability of an individual finding or a set of findings, we have created the Replication Database. As of March 2023, 38% of the >700 replication findings could be rep...

We expected power – the perceived capacity to influence others – to be an antecedent of positive body image because power is closely linked to self-esteem, which in turn is linked to body image. In a cross-sectional study ( N = 318), sense of power was positively related to body appreciation and satisfaction with one’s appearance. Self-esteem parti...

Although faking is a serious problem in psychological assessment, previous research has focused on modeling, detecting, or preventing faking but has largely failed to uncover faking strategies. Here, we used empirical data and the general response process model (GRPM; four stages: comprehension, retrieval, judgment, and response) to suggest a taxon...

How well can social scientists predict societal change, and what processes underlie their predictions? To answer these questions, we ran two forecasting tournaments testing the accuracy of predictions of societal change in domains commonly studied in the social sciences: ideological preferences, political polarization, life satisfaction, sentiment...

Anlässlich des Positionspapier der Psychologie-Fachschaften-Konferenz (PsyFaKo e.V.) zum Thema Autor*innenschaft (https://psyfako.org/wp-content/uploads/35-PsyFaKo-PP-Open-Science-AutorInnenschaft-transparentere-Vergabe.pdf) nehmen wir im Folgenden zu den dort vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen Stellung. Wir möchten uns damit der Diskussion anschließen, die...

Background The tasks of occupational health managers (OHMs) are diverse. Currently there is no up-to-date job profile for OHMs that can be used for demand-oriented selection of personnel and the development of training curricula in workplace health management (WHM).Objectives The aim of this study was to develop a job profile for OHMs involving sub...

Das Lehrbuch wurde für die Neuauflage komplett überarbeitet, aktualisiert und durch neue Kapitel zu Testnutzung und Anwendungsfeldern erweitert. Es stellt anschaulich und mit vielen Beispielen Grundlagen und Anwendung wissenschaftlich fundierter psychologischer Diagnostik vor. Nach einem Überblick über Theorie, Konstruktion und Beurteilung von Test...

Zusammenfassung. Der INWORK (Integrity in work-related situations) ist ein Situational Judgment Test (SJT) zur Erfassung der beruflichen Integrität. Der INWORK besteht aus 23 Beschreibungen konfliktbehafteter Arbeitssituationen mit jeweils 4 Handlungsoptionen, die mehr oder weniger kontraproduktive Verhaltensweisen beinhalten. Testpersonen sollen d...

Friendships pervade people’s social lives across their lifespans. But how accurately can friends perceive each other’s personalities? Person perceptions are typically a mixture of fact and fiction, but as friends share a lot of information, they should be able to form relatively accurate assessments. We referred to the truth and bias model of judgm...

Indices [slowing, speeding, increasing or reducing errors in congruent or incongruent blocks; Combined Task Slowing (CTS); Ratio 150-10000] allegedly detect faking in IATs, however, studies on these are inconclusive and statistically underpowered. Also, results’ stability, indices’ unique predictivity, combining indices, and variations in computing...

Attachment is important for pro-relationship behavior. Past research has suggested that anxious and avoidant attachment makes people less likely to forgive, but dyadic effects of secure and preoccupied attachment have not been considered. We tested actor and partner effects of attachment on forgiveness (increased benevolence; decreased resentment)...

Experiential avoidance is defined as a process involving excessive negative evaluations of difficult or unwanted feelings, thoughts, and sensations, an unwillingness to remain in contact with and express these experiences, and habitual attempts to avoid or control them. Experiential avoidance is closely associated with maladaptive functioning. Alth...

Two basic strategies can be applied to navigate hierarchies: (a) dominance, which involves the induction of fear, intimidation, or coercion to obtain status, or (b) prestige, which involves using one’s skills, knowledge, or expertise to pursue status. In the present research, we refined the original dominance and prestige account and the respective...

People’s estimates are biased toward previously considered numbers (anchoring).We have aggregated all available data from anchoring studies that included atleast two anchors into one large dataset. Data were standardized to comprise oneestimate per row, coded according to a wide range of variables, and are available fordownload and analyses online...

Peer-Arbeit als neue Versorgungsleistung wird in immer mehr psychosozialen Einrichtungen implementiert, bei der (ehemals) Psychiatrie-Erfahrene ihr Erfahrungswissen bezüglich ihrer seelischen Krisen einbringen. Der Einsatz dieser neuen Berufsgruppe wird in den S3-Leitlinien empfohlen. Die Berufsgruppe wird im Folgenden „Peer-Worker*innen“ (PW) gena...

How well can social scientists predict societal change, and what processes underlie their predictions? To answer these questions, we ran two forecasting tournaments testing accuracy of predictions of societal change in domains commonly studied in the social sciences: ideological preferences, political polarization, life satisfaction, sentiment on s...

A considerable proportion of psychological research has not been replicable, and estimates range from 9% to 77% for nonreplicable results. The extent to which vast proportions of studies in the field are replicable is still unknown, as researchers lack incentives for publishing individual replication studies. When preregistering replication studies...

During adolescence, what is more important for educational achievement, well-being, and the formation of positive social relationships: being competent, having positive thoughts about oneself, or a complex relationship between the two? There has been a long-standing debate in psychology on the effects of accurate and biased self-perceptions, and so...

Gender differences in career success are still an issue in society and research, and men typically earn higher incomes than women do. Building on previous theorizing and findings with the Theory of Gendered Organizations and the Theory of Tokenism, we used a large sample of the adult starting cohort in the German National Educational Panel Study an...

Past studies have shown that higher levels of anger are inferred from faces that show increased facial redness (red-anger effect). However, all previous research in support of this effect has used within-subjects designs with varying levels of facial redness. We hypothesized that very frequent random changes in facial redness paired with limited op...

Narcissists often attain leadership positions, but at the same time do not care for others and often engage in unethical behaviors. We therefore explored the role of leader narcissism as an antecedent of abusive supervision, a form of unethical leadership. We based our study on the narcissistic admiration and rivalry concept (NARC) and proposed a d...

Leaders with Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism) are notorious for their display of destructive behavior in interacting with their subordinates. It may be argued that organizations have the obligation to protect the organization as a whole as well as the people in it from the damaging effects that these leaders have. T...

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die akademischen Ausbildungsangebote zu den Themen betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement (BGM) und betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung (BGF) sind vielfältig. Bislang gibt es keine genaue Übersicht darüber, welche Studiengänge in Deutschland als späteres Berufsfeld explizit BGM oder BGF nennen und welche Lerninhalte sie verm...

Can theories of power be used to explain differences in the linguistic styles of Donald Trump and Joe Biden? We argue that the two candidates possess and use different forms of power—and that this is associated with typical language patterns. Based on their personal history, news reports, and empirical studies, we expect that Trump’s approach to po...

During the COVID-19 pandemic social consequences in day-to-day decisions might not have been salient to the decider and thus egoistic. How can prosocial intentions be increased? In an experimental vignette study with N = 206, we compared the likelihood that parents send sick children to kindergarten after four interventions (general information abo...

Research demonstrates that IATs are fakeable. Several indices [either slowing down or speeding up, and increasing errors or reducing errors in congruent and incongruent blocks; Combined Task Slowing (CTS); Ratio 150-10000] have been developed to detect faking. Findings on these are inconclusive but previous studies have used small samples suggestin...

Although a great deal of research has shown the positive effects of mindfulness on mental health, some studies have provided evidence that mindfulness can have negative consequences. However, not much is known about the conditions that can account for such negative effects. We examined the moderating roles of difficulties in emotion regulation and...

The ability to read emotions in faces helps humans efficiently assess social situations. We tested how this ability is affected by aspects of familiarization with face masks and personality, with a focus on emotional intelligence (measured with an ability test, the MSCEIT, and a self-report scale, the SREIS). To address aspects of the current pande...

Theories on anchoring effects—the assimilation of numerical estimates toward previously considered numbers—have been used to derive hypotheses that susceptibility to anchoring is correlated with certain personality traits. Thus, for the last decade, a considerable amount of research has investigated relationships between people’s susceptibility to...

Anchoring effects are among the largest and easiest to replicate in social psychology. However, the ship on which anchoring research is floating has become brittle with respect to three domains: (a) the relationship between paradigm features (e.g., choice of anchor or type of scale) and effect sizes is mostly unknown, (b) there are numerous contrad...

Early research on body positions suggested that engaging in certain nonverbal displays can lead to changes in self-report, behavioral, and physiological dependent variables. Still, there has been intense criticism regarding the replicability of these effects. To determine what effects are valid, we conducted a meta-analytic review on body position...

As abusive supervision entails negative outcomes for individuals and organizations, a better understanding of leader- and follower-related antecedents of abusive supervision can help organizations prevent destructive leadership. In an experimental vignette study with 140 leaders, we tested an integrative model that includes leaders’ narcissism as a...

Knowledge about how science works, trust in scientists, and the perceived utility of science currently appear to be eroding in these times in which “alternative facts” or personal experiences and opinions are used as arguments. Yet, in many situations, it would be beneficial for the individual and all of society if scientific findings were consider...

Power pervades interpersonal relationships and can impact relationship-related outcomes (e.g., forgiveness). Here, we expected a positive association between power and forgiveness in two studies involving German and Israeli couples ( N = 149/174 couples). Actor–partner interdependence mediator models showed the expected positive associations of act...

Research has shown that even experts cannot detect faking above chance, but recent studies have suggested that machine learning may help in this endeavor. However, faking differs between faking conditions, previous efforts have not taken these differences into account, and faking indices have yet to be integrated into such approaches. We reanalyzed...

Background A cross-sectional study was performed to examine life satisfaction differences between university students from nine countries during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-national comparison of the association between life satisfaction and a set of variables was also conducted. Methods Participants in the study were 2349 uni...

Research has shown that even experts cannot detect faking above chance, but recent studies have suggested that machine learning may help in this endeavor. However, faking differs between faking conditions, previous efforts have not taken these differences into account, and faking indices have yet to be integrated into such approaches. We reanalyzed...

Individuals with high levels of narcissism often ascend to leadership positions. Whereas there is evidence that narcissism is linked to unethical behavior and negative social outcomes, the effects of leader narcissism on an organization’s most important resource—its employees—have not yet been studied thoroughly. Using theoretical assumptions of th...

This study aimed to reveal differences in exposure to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the first (W1) and the second (W2) waves of the pandemic in six countries among university students and to show the prevalence and associations between exposure to COVID-19 and coronavirus-related post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) risk during W2. The rep...