Astrid Schuetz

Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg · Institut für Psychologie

Anlässlich des Positionspapier der Psychologie-Fachschaften-Konferenz (PsyFaKo e.V.) zum Thema Autor*innenschaft (https://psyfako.org/wp-content/uploads/35-PsyFaKo-PP-Open-Science-AutorInnenschaft-transparentere-Vergabe.pdf) nehmen wir im Folgenden zu den dort vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen Stellung. Wir möchten uns damit der Diskussion anschließen, die...

Background The tasks of occupational health managers (OHMs) are diverse. Currently there is no up-to-date job profile for OHMs that can be used for demand-oriented selection of personnel and the development of training curricula in workplace health management (WHM).Objectives The aim of this study was to develop a job profile for OHMs involving sub...

Das Lehrbuch wurde für die Neuauflage komplett überarbeitet, aktualisiert und durch neue Kapitel zu Testnutzung und Anwendungsfeldern erweitert. Es stellt anschaulich und mit vielen Beispielen Grundlagen und Anwendung wissenschaftlich fundierter psychologischer Diagnostik vor. Nach einem Überblick über Theorie, Konstruktion und Beurteilung von Test...

Zusammenfassung. Der INWORK (Integrity in work-related situations) ist ein Situational Judgment Test (SJT) zur Erfassung der beruflichen Integrität. Der INWORK besteht aus 23 Beschreibungen konfliktbehafteter Arbeitssituationen mit jeweils 4 Handlungsoptionen, die mehr oder weniger kontraproduktive Verhaltensweisen beinhalten. Testpersonen sollen d...

Friendships pervade people’s social lives across their lifespans. But how accurately can friends perceive each other’s personalities? Person perceptions are typically a mixture of fact and fiction, but as friends share a lot of information, they should be able to form relatively accurate assessments. We referred to the truth and bias model of judgm...

Indices [slowing, speeding, increasing or reducing errors in congruent or incongruent blocks; Combined Task Slowing (CTS); Ratio 150-10000] allegedly detect faking in IATs, however, studies on these are inconclusive and statistically underpowered. Also, results’ stability, indices’ unique predictivity, combining indices, and variations in computing...

Attachment is important for pro-relationship behavior. Past research has suggested that anxious and avoidant attachment makes people less likely to forgive, but dyadic effects of secure and preoccupied attachment have not been considered. We tested actor and partner effects of attachment on forgiveness (increased benevolence; decreased resentment)...

Experiential avoidance is defined as a process involving excessive negative evaluations of difficult or unwanted feelings, thoughts, and sensations, an unwillingness to remain in contact with and express these experiences, and habitual attempts to avoid or control them. Experiential avoidance is closely associated with maladaptive functioning. Alth...

Two basic strategies can be applied to navigate hierarchies: (a) dominance, which involves the induction of fear, intimidation, or coercion to obtain status, or (b) prestige, which involves using one’s skills, knowledge, or expertise to pursue status. In the present research, we refined the original dominance and prestige account and the respective...

People’s estimates are biased toward previously considered numbers (anchoring).We have aggregated all available data from anchoring studies that included atleast two anchors into one large dataset. Data were standardized to comprise oneestimate per row, coded according to a wide range of variables, and are available fordownload and analyses online...

Peer-Arbeit als neue Versorgungsleistung wird in immer mehr psychosozialen Einrichtungen implementiert, bei der (ehemals) Psychiatrie-Erfahrene ihr Erfahrungswissen bezüglich ihrer seelischen Krisen einbringen. Der Einsatz dieser neuen Berufsgruppe wird in den S3-Leitlinien empfohlen. Die Berufsgruppe wird im Folgenden „Peer-Worker*innen“ (PW) gena...

As abusive supervision entails negative outcomes for individuals and organizations, a better understanding of leader- and follower-related antecedents of abusive supervision can help organizations prevent destructive leadership. In an experimental vignette study with 140 leaders, we tested an integrative model that includes leaders’ narcissism as a...

How well can social scientists predict societal change, and what processes underlie their predictions? To answer these questions, we ran two forecasting tournaments testing accuracy of predictions of societal change in domains commonly studied in the social sciences: ideological preferences, political polarization, life satisfaction, sentiment on s...

A considerable proportion of psychological research has not been replicable, and estimates range from 9% to 77% for nonreplicable results. The extent to which vast proportions of studies in the field are replicable is still unknown, as researchers lack incentives for publishing individual replication studies. When preregistering replication studies...

During adolescence, what is more important for educational achievement, well-being, and the formation of positive social relationships: being competent, having positive thoughts about oneself, or a complex relationship between the two? There has been a long-standing debate in psychology on the effects of accurate and biased self-perceptions, and so...

Gender differences in career success are still an issue in society and research, and men typically earn higher incomes than women do. Building on previous theorizing and findings with the Theory of Gendered Organizations and the Theory of Tokenism, we used a large sample of the adult starting cohort in the German National Educational Panel Study an...

The multidimensional assessment of self-esteem plays an important role in self-esteem research. In this article, we present the development of a short form and an ultra-short form of the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Scale (MSES; Schütz et al., 2016 ). Items were selected by eliminating redundant items and by using a deterministic search algorithm i...

Past studies have shown that higher levels of anger are inferred from faces that show increased facial redness (red-anger effect). However, all previous research in support of this effect has used within-subjects designs with varying levels of facial redness. We hypothesized that very frequent random changes in facial redness paired with limited op...

Narcissists often attain leadership positions, but at the same time do not care for others and often engage in unethical behaviors. We therefore explored the role of leader narcissism as an antecedent of abusive supervision, a form of unethical leadership. We based our study on the narcissistic admiration and rivalry concept (NARC) and proposed a d...

Leaders with Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism) are notorious for their display of destructive behavior in interacting with their subordinates. It may be argued that organizations have the obligation to protect the organization as a whole as well as the people in it from the damaging effects that these leaders have. T...

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die akademischen Ausbildungsangebote zu den Themen betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement (BGM) und betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung (BGF) sind vielfältig. Bislang gibt es keine genaue Übersicht darüber, welche Studiengänge in Deutschland als späteres Berufsfeld explizit BGM oder BGF nennen und welche Lerninhalte sie verm...

Can theories of power be used to explain differences in the linguistic styles of Donald Trump and Joe Biden? We argue that the two candidates possess and use different forms of power—and that this is associated with typical language patterns. Based on their personal history, news reports, and empirical studies, we expect that Trump’s approach to po...

Research demonstrates that IATs are fakeable. Several indices [either slowing down or speeding up, and increasing errors or reducing errors in congruent and incongruent blocks; Combined Task Slowing (CTS); Ratio 150-10000] have been developed to detect faking. Findings on these are inconclusive but previous studies have used small samples suggestin...

Although a great deal of research has shown the positive effects of mindfulness on mental health, some studies have provided evidence that mindfulness can have negative consequences. However, not much is known about the conditions that can account for such negative effects. We examined the moderating roles of difficulties in emotion regulation and...

Theories on anchoring effects—the assimilation of numerical estimates toward previously considered numbers—have been used to derive hypotheses that susceptibility to anchoring is correlated with certain personality traits. Thus, for the last decade, a considerable amount of research has investigated relationships between people’s susceptibility to...

Anchoring effects are among the largest and easiest to replicate in social psychology. However, the ship on which anchoring research is floating has become brittle with respect to three domains: (a) the relationship between paradigm features (e.g., choice of anchor or type of scale) and effect sizes is mostly unknown, (b) there are numerous contrad...

The ability to read emotions in faces helps humans efficiently assess social situations. We tested how this ability is affected by aspects of familiarization with face masks and personality, with a focus on emotional intelligence (measured with an ability test, the MSCEIT, and a self-report scale, the SREIS). To address aspects of the current pande...

Early research on body positions suggested that engaging in certain nonverbal displays can lead to changes in self-report, behavioral, and physiological dependent variables. Still, there has been intense criticism regarding the replicability of these effects. To determine what effects are valid, we conducted a meta-analytic review on body position...

Knowledge about how science works, trust in scientists, and the perceived utility of science currently appear to be eroding in these times in which “alternative facts” or personal experiences and opinions are used as arguments. Yet, in many situations, it would be beneficial for the individual and all of society if scientific findings were consider...

Power pervades interpersonal relationships and can impact relationship-related outcomes (e.g., forgiveness). Here, we expected a positive association between power and forgiveness in two studies involving German and Israeli couples ( N = 149/174 couples). Actor–partner interdependence mediator models showed the expected positive associations of act...

Research has shown that even experts cannot detect faking above chance, but recent studies have suggested that machine learning may help in this endeavor. However, faking differs between faking conditions, previous efforts have not taken these differences into account, and faking indices have yet to be integrated into such approaches. We reanalyzed...

Background A cross-sectional study was performed to examine life satisfaction differences between university students from nine countries during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-national comparison of the association between life satisfaction and a set of variables was also conducted. Methods Participants in the study were 2349 uni...

Research has shown that even experts cannot detect faking above chance, but recent studies have suggested that machine learning may help in this endeavor. However, faking differs between faking conditions, previous efforts have not taken these differences into account, and faking indices have yet to be integrated into such approaches. We reanalyzed...

Individuals with high levels of narcissism often ascend to leadership positions. Whereas there is evidence that narcissism is linked to unethical behavior and negative social outcomes, the effects of leader narcissism on an organization’s most important resource—its employees—have not yet been studied thoroughly. Using theoretical assumptions of th...

This study aimed to reveal differences in exposure to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the first (W1) and the second (W2) waves of the pandemic in six countries among university students and to show the prevalence and associations between exposure to COVID-19 and coronavirus-related post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) risk during W2. The rep...

The authentic and hubristic pride (A&HP) model is the domineering paradigm in pride research. Authentic pride (AP) comprises feelings of accomplishment and self-worth, whereas hubristic pride (HP) includes conceit and arrogance. We provide a German version of the A&HP scale ( Tracy & Robins, 2007 ), the GAHPS. We found a good fit for a two-factor s...

During the COVID-19 pandemic social consequences in day-to-day decisions might not have been salient to the decider and thus egoistic. How can prosocial intentions be increased? In an experimental vignette study with N = 206, we compared the likelihood that parents send sick children to kindergarten after four interventions (general information abo...

During the COVID-19 pandemic social consequences in day-to-day decisions might not have been salient to the decider and thus egoistic. How can prosocial intentions be increased? In an experimental vignette study with N = 206, we compared the likelihood that parents send sick children to kindergarten after four interventions (general information abo...

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01690-2

Narcissism is related to income and risk-taking behavior, but previous studies have computed only pairwise associations and have used only domain-specific risk-taking measures. We jointly investigated narcissistic admiration and rivalry, income, and general risk attitude. Using a representative sample from the German population (N = 14,473), we con...

Objectives Past work has found that optimism reduces a person’s responsiveness to pain, but the effects of pessimism are not clear. Therefore, we gave pessimistic forecasts of participants’ future social life and measured changes in their pain responsiveness. In particular, some participants were told that they would end up alone in life. Methods...

We conducted a preregistered study (N = 609) to conceptually replicate and extend prior research regarding the effects of facial redness on emotion perception. In a within-subjects design, participants saw emotion faces (anger, happiness, fear, neutral) of a random female and a random male target with default facial colouration and increased facial...

Here, we aim to investigate the effect of background uncertainty on decision making systematically. After reviewing the existing empirical studies, we argue that two types of uncertainty should be distinguished: a) ambiguity, i.e., uncertain outcomes without probability information, and b) risk, i.e., uncertainties involving probabilities regarding...

The student population has been highly vulnerable to the risk of mental health deterioration during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to reveal the prevalence and predictors of mental health among students in Poland, Slovenia, Czechia, Ukraine, Russia, Germany, Turkey, Israel, and Colombia in a socioeconomic context duri...

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354696346_Mental_health_prevalence_and_predictors_among_university_students_in_nine_countries_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_a_cross-national_study

Personality moderator research in the field of anchoring effects has not made any progress for more than a decade. This is due to anchoring susceptibility measures being unreliable. We provide a free, open, and ever-growing dataset of item-based anchoring scores that currently contains more than 19,000 trials (9 studies, N = 2,293, 109 items) and t...

The aim of the present studies was to investigate how high and low power posing influence self-esteem. High power posing is understood as the nonverbal expression of power through open, expansive body postures, whereas low power posing is marked by contractive and closed body postures. We conducted three studies with different methodological design...

The mental health of young adults, particularly students, is at high risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in mental health between university students in nine countries during the pandemic. The study encompassed 2349 university students (69% female) from Colombia, the Czech Republic (Czechia), Germ...

Implicit Biases ─ nicht notwendigerweise bewusste, kognitive Verzerrungen ─ sind Teil unseres Alltags. Sie beziehen sich auf Merkmale menschlicher Vielfalt wie Geschlecht, Gewicht, Alter oder ethnische Herkunft und beeinflussen unser Verhalten. Auch bei Personalentscheidungen spielen sie eine Rolle – häufig zum Nachteil bestimmter Personengruppen....

We offer a critical perspective on the meta-analysis by Elkjær et al. (2020) by pointing out three constraints: The first refers to open-science practices, the second addresses the selection of studies, and the third offers a broader theoretical perspective. We argue that preregistration and adherence to the highest standards of conducting meta-ana...

The collective communication model of terrorism (CCMT) proposes that understanding terrorists’ motives influences appraisal (threat perception and emotional well-being) and reaction to terrorism (intention to retaliate). Fischer et al. (2011) presented evidence from two experiments for the assumption that understanding motives of terrorism influenc...

Background To enhance effective prevention programs after myocardial infarction (MI), the study examined the effects and feasibility of mobile biofeedback training on heart rate variability (HRV-BF). Methods Forty-six outpatients aged 41 to 79 years with a documented MI were randomized to HRV-BF versus usual care. Generalized estimating equation (...

Power dynamics have been described as being constitutive of romantic relationships and can impact outcomes such as relationship quality. Yet, in relationships nowadays, power may be less important than in the past due to changes in gender roles and society’s expectations. We analyzed four power characteristics and their effects on a multidimensiona...

The multidimensional assessment of self-esteem plays an important role in self-esteem research. In this article, we present the development of a short form and an ultra-short form of the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Scale (MSES; Schütz et al., 2016). Items were selected by eliminating redundant items and by using a deterministic search algorithm in...

The multidimensional assessment of self-esteem plays an important role in self-esteem research. In this article, we present the development of a short form and an ultra-short form of the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Scale (MSES; Schütz et al., 2016). Items were selected by eliminating redundant items and by using a deterministic search algorithm in...

This study presents a consumer-centric approach to training evaluations by providing an integration of transfer research and testing the resulting model with data from an evidence-based leadership training. A longitudinal field study with four measurement points was used to test whether evidence-based leadership training resulted in short- and long...

Despite the increasing popularity of miniature wargames (MWGs), research on this pastime is still scarce. We aimed to understand how personality is related to motivations for playing MWGs. A world sample of 8590 MWG players was tested with the Ten-Item Personality Inventory to assess the Big Five and the Trojan Player Typology to measure gaming mot...

In this study, we explored how individuals high on grandiose narcissism perceive the size of their circle of close friends by analyzing representative data from 22,728 participants from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). Using a two-dimensional conceptualization of narcissism, we proposed that an individual's levels of narcissistic admiration...

Laboratory research has shown that expectations can impact a person’s affective experience in a positive or a negative way depending on factors such as how fine-grained an evaluation is (with fine-grained evaluations leading to contrast effects; Wilson, Lisle, Kraft, & Wetzel, 1989). These findings have been integrated into the Affective Expectatio...

High trait self-control is generally depicted as favorable. We investigated whether this holds for social perception. Using vignettes, we tested whether a person with high self-control is 1) preferred as a partner for all or only certain social situations, 2) perceived as less likeable than a person with low self-control, 3) liked more if the perso...

PurposeWe examined 10 job characteristics in a large population-based sample and tested for positive and negative effects on mental health. In addition, we tested for possible effects on mental health from interactions with locus of control and self-esteem.Methods The sample comprised longitudinal data on 2353 male and 1960 female employees from th...

When people consider an arbitrary number prior to generating a numeric estimate, their estimate is typically biased toward that number. This phenomenon is called anchoring and has been described as one the most robust phenomena in judgment and decision making. However, the literature on anchoring has been plagued by numerous blatant contradictions,...

The present research was aimed at providing a German version of the Personal Sense of Power Scale (GPSPS; Anderson et al., 2012) and testing its psychometric properties. A personal sense of power describes the perception of one's ability to influence others. Probably every human relationship can be characterized by differences in power, which means...

In a now-classic study by Srull and Wyer (1979), people who were exposed to phrases with hostile content subsequently judged a man as being more hostile. And this “hostile priming effect” has had a significant influence on the field of social cognition over the subsequent decades. However, a recent multi-lab collaborative study (McCarthy et al., 20...

We conducted a preregistered multi-laboratory project (k = 36; N = 3531) to assess the size and robustness of ego depletion effects using a novel replication method, termed the paradigmatic replication approach. Laboratories implemented one of two procedures that intended to manipulate self control and tested performance on a subsequent measure of...

In a test of their global-/local-processing-style model, Förster, Liberman, and Kuschel (2008) found that people assimilate a primed concept (e.g., “aggressive”) into their social judgments after a global prime (e.g., they rate a person as being more aggressive than do people in a no-prime condition) but contrast their judgment away from the primed...

We investigated the influence of perceived protective value for the public, perceived self-protective value, and perceived cost of the behavior on the adoption of protective behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. In a pilot study conducted when the lockdown was put in place in Germany, we investigated perceptions of the protective value and use of...

With the present study, we tested whether generosity changes dependent on money or time being shared. During the experiment, participants N = 371 (MAge = 37.5 years, 38.8% female) completed questionnaires measuring social value orientation, moral identity centrality, and honesty-humility. The opportunity cost of time spent on a real effort task was...

Redden and Hoch (2009) found that variety in a set of items robustly decreased the perceived quantity of the sum of these items across multiple studies. For example, a set of multicolored M&M’s was estimated to contain fewer M&M’s than an equally large set of single-colored M&M’s (e.g., Redden & Hoch, 2009, Study 3). We conducted six close replicat...

Uniqueness is a fundamental aspect of individual identity, yet commonly used conceptualizations of uniqueness are based on the contrast between an individual and other people, an understanding that is not congruent with person-centred definitions from humanistic approaches. This study is based on the idea that uniqueness is concerned with the accep...

In diesem Kapitel sollen ausgewählte Mittel der verbalen Kommunikation vorgestellt werden. Im Einzelnen sollen Zuhören, Fragen stellen, Erklären sowie Lachen und Humor näher betrachtet werden.

In diesem Kapitel sollen bekannte konzeptuelle Ansätze zur menschlichen Kommunikation vorgestellt werden. Wir geben zunächst einen allgemeinen Überblick über psychologische Kommunikationsmodelle und gehen dann auf ausgewählte klassische Kommunikationsmodelle ein.