Astrid Schuetz

Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg · Institut für Psychologie

Past studies have shown that higher levels of anger are inferred from faces that show increased facial redness (red-anger effect). However, all previous research in support of this effect has used within-subjects designs with varying levels of facial redness. We hypothesized that very frequent random changes in facial redness paired with limited op...

Narcissists often attain leadership positions, but at the same time do not care for others and often engage in unethical behaviors. We therefore explored the role of leader narcissism as an antecedent of abusive supervision, a form of unethical leadership. We based our study on the narcissistic admiration and rivalry concept (NARC) and proposed a d...

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die akademischen Ausbildungsangebote zu den Themen betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement (BGM) und betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung (BGF) sind vielfältig. Bislang gibt es keine genaue Übersicht darüber, welche Studiengänge in Deutschland als späteres Berufsfeld explizit BGM oder BGF nennen und welche Lerninhalte sie verm...

Can theories of power be used to explain differences in the linguistic styles of Donald Trump and Joe Biden? We argue that the two candidates possess and use different forms of power—and that this is associated with typical language patterns. Based on their personal history, news reports, and empirical studies, we expect that Trump’s approach to po...

Research demonstrates that IATs are fakeable. Several indices [either slowing down or speeding up, and increasing errors or reducing errors in congruent and incongruent blocks; Combined Task Slowing (CTS); Ratio 150-10000] have been developed to detect faking. Findings on these are inconclusive but previous studies have used small samples suggestin...

Although a great deal of research has shown the positive effects of mindfulness on mental health, some studies have provided evidence that mindfulness can have negative consequences. However, not much is known about the conditions that can account for such negative effects. We examined the moderating roles of difficulties in emotion regulation and...

Theories on anchoring effects—the assimilation of numerical estimates toward previously considered numbers—have been used to derive hypotheses that susceptibility to anchoring is correlated with certain personality traits. Thus, for the last decade, a considerable amount of research has investigated relationships between people’s susceptibility to...

Anchoring effects are among the largest and easiest to replicate in social psychology. However, the ship on which anchoring research is floating has become brittle with respect to three domains: (a) the relationship between paradigm features (e.g., choice of anchor or type of scale) and effect sizes is mostly unknown, (b) there are numerous contrad...

Power pervades interpersonal relationships and can impact relationship-related outcomes (e.g., forgiveness). Here, we expected a positive association between power and forgiveness in two studies involving German and Israeli couples ( N = 149/174 couples). Actor–partner interdependence mediator models showed the expected positive associations of act...

Research has shown that even experts cannot detect faking above chance, but recent studies have suggested that machine learning may help in this endeavor. However, faking differs between faking conditions, previous efforts have not taken these differences into account, and faking indices have yet to be integrated into such approaches. We reanalyzed...

Background A cross-sectional study was performed to examine life satisfaction differences between university students from nine countries during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-national comparison of the association between life satisfaction and a set of variables was also conducted. Methods Participants in the study were 2349 uni...

Research has shown that even experts cannot detect faking above chance, but recent studies have suggested that machine learning may help in this endeavor. However, faking differs between faking conditions, previous efforts have not taken these differences into account, and faking indices have yet to be integrated into such approaches. We reanalyzed...

Individuals with high levels of narcissism often ascend to leadership positions. Whereas there is evidence that narcissism is linked to unethical behavior and negative social outcomes, the effects of leader narcissism on an organization’s most important resource—its employees—have not yet been studied thoroughly. Using theoretical assumptions of th...

This study aimed to reveal differences in exposure to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the first (W1) and the second (W2) waves of the pandemic in six countries among university students and to show the prevalence and associations between exposure to COVID-19 and coronavirus-related post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) risk during W2. The rep...

The authentic and hubristic pride (A&HP) model is the domineering paradigm in pride research. Authentic pride (AP) comprises feelings of accomplishment and self-worth, whereas hubristic pride (HP) includes conceit and arrogance. We provide a German version of the A&HP scale ( Tracy & Robins, 2007 ), the GAHPS. We found a good fit for a two-factor s...

During the COVID-19 pandemic social consequences in day-to-day decisions might not have been salient to the decider and thus egoistic. How can prosocial intentions be increased? In an experimental vignette study with N = 206, we compared the likelihood that parents send sick children to kindergarten after four interventions (general information abo...

During the COVID-19 pandemic social consequences in day-to-day decisions might not have been salient to the decider and thus egoistic. How can prosocial intentions be increased? In an experimental vignette study with N = 206, we compared the likelihood that parents send sick children to kindergarten after four interventions (general information abo...

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01690-2

Narcissism is related to income and risk-taking behavior, but previous studies have computed only pairwise associations and have used only domain-specific risk-taking measures. We jointly investigated narcissistic admiration and rivalry, income, and general risk attitude. Using a representative sample from the German population (N = 14,473), we con...

Objectives Past work has found that optimism reduces a person’s responsiveness to pain, but the effects of pessimism are not clear. Therefore, we gave pessimistic forecasts of participants’ future social life and measured changes in their pain responsiveness. In particular, some participants were told that they would end up alone in life. Methods...

We conducted a preregistered study (N = 609) to conceptually replicate and extend prior research regarding the effects of facial redness on emotion perception. In a within-subjects design, participants saw emotion faces (anger, happiness, fear, neutral) of a random female and a random male target with default facial colouration and increased facial...

Here, we aim to investigate the effect of background uncertainty on decision making systematically. After reviewing the existing empirical studies, we argue that two types of uncertainty should be distinguished: a) ambiguity, i.e., uncertain outcomes without probability information, and b) risk, i.e., uncertainties involving probabilities regarding...

The student population has been highly vulnerable to the risk of mental health deterioration during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to reveal the prevalence and predictors of mental health among students in Poland, Slovenia, Czechia, Ukraine, Russia, Germany, Turkey, Israel, and Colombia in a socioeconomic context duri...

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354696346_Mental_health_prevalence_and_predictors_among_university_students_in_nine_countries_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_a_cross-national_study

Personality moderator research in the field of anchoring effects has not made any progress for more than a decade. This is due to anchoring susceptibility measures being unreliable. We provide a free, open, and ever-growing dataset of item-based anchoring scores that currently contains more than 19,000 trials (9 studies, N = 2,293, 109 items) and t...

The aim of the present studies was to investigate how high and low power posing influence self-esteem. High power posing is understood as the nonverbal expression of power through open, expansive body postures, whereas low power posing is marked by contractive and closed body postures. We conducted three studies with different methodological design...

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about...

The mental health of young adults, particularly students, is at high risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in mental health between university students in nine countries during the pandemic. The study encompassed 2349 university students (69% female) from Colombia, the Czech Republic (Czechia), Germ...

Implicit Biases ─ nicht notwendigerweise bewusste, kognitive Verzerrungen ─ sind Teil unseres Alltags. Sie beziehen sich auf Merkmale menschlicher Vielfalt wie Geschlecht, Gewicht, Alter oder ethnische Herkunft und beeinflussen unser Verhalten. Auch bei Personalentscheidungen spielen sie eine Rolle – häufig zum Nachteil bestimmter Personengruppen....

We offer a critical perspective on the meta-analysis by Elkjær et al. (2020) by pointing out three constraints: The first refers to open-science practices, the second addresses the selection of studies, and the third offers a broader theoretical perspective. We argue that preregistration and adherence to the highest standards of conducting meta-ana...

The collective communication model of terrorism (CCMT) proposes that understanding terrorists’ motives influences appraisal (threat perception and emotional well-being) and reaction to terrorism (intention to retaliate). Fischer et al. (2011) presented evidence from two experiments for the assumption that understanding motives of terrorism influenc...

Background To enhance effective prevention programs after myocardial infarction (MI), the study examined the effects and feasibility of mobile biofeedback training on heart rate variability (HRV-BF). Methods Forty-six outpatients aged 41 to 79 years with a documented MI were randomized to HRV-BF versus usual care. Generalized estimating equation (...

Power dynamics have been described as being constitutive of romantic relationships and can impact outcomes such as relationship quality. Yet, in relationships nowadays, power may be less important than in the past due to changes in gender roles and society’s expectations. We analyzed four power characteristics and their effects on a multidimensiona...

The multidimensional assessment of self-esteem plays an important role in self-esteem research. In this article, we present the development of a short form and an ultra-short form of the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Scale (MSES; Schütz et al., 2016). Items were selected by eliminating redundant items and by using a deterministic search algorithm in...

The multidimensional assessment of self-esteem plays an important role in self-esteem research. In this article, we present the development of a short form and an ultra-short form of the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Scale (MSES; Schütz et al., 2016). Items were selected by eliminating redundant items and by using a deterministic search algorithm in...

This study presents a consumer-centric approach to training evaluations by providing an integration of transfer research and testing the resulting model with data from an evidence-based leadership training. A longitudinal field study with four measurement points was used to test whether evidence-based leadership training resulted in short- and long...

Despite the increasing popularity of miniature wargames (MWGs), research on this pastime is still scarce. We aimed to understand how personality is related to motivations for playing MWGs. A world sample of 8590 MWG players was tested with the Ten-Item Personality Inventory to assess the Big Five and the Trojan Player Typology to measure gaming mot...

In this study, we explored how individuals high on grandiose narcissism perceive the size of their circle of close friends by analyzing representative data from 22,728 participants from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). Using a two-dimensional conceptualization of narcissism, we proposed that an individual's levels of narcissistic admiration...

Laboratory research has shown that expectations can impact a person’s affective experience in a positive or a negative way depending on factors such as how fine-grained an evaluation is (with fine-grained evaluations leading to contrast effects; Wilson, Lisle, Kraft, & Wetzel, 1989). These findings have been integrated into the Affective Expectatio...

High trait self-control is generally depicted as favorable. We investigated whether this holds for social perception. Using vignettes, we tested whether a person with high self-control is 1) preferred as a partner for all or only certain social situations, 2) perceived as less likeable than a person with low self-control, 3) liked more if the perso...

PurposeWe examined 10 job characteristics in a large population-based sample and tested for positive and negative effects on mental health. In addition, we tested for possible effects on mental health from interactions with locus of control and self-esteem.Methods The sample comprised longitudinal data on 2353 male and 1960 female employees from th...

When people consider an arbitrary number prior to generating a numeric estimate, their estimate is typically biased toward that number. This phenomenon is called anchoring and has been described as one the most robust phenomena in judgment and decision making. However, the literature on anchoring has been plagued by numerous blatant contradictions,...

The present research was aimed at providing a German version of the Personal Sense of Power Scale (GPSPS; Anderson et al., 2012) and testing its psychometric properties. A personal sense of power describes the perception of one's ability to influence others. Probably every human relationship can be characterized by differences in power, which means...

In a now-classic study by Srull and Wyer (1979), people who were exposed to phrases with hostile content subsequently judged a man as being more hostile. And this “hostile priming effect” has had a significant influence on the field of social cognition over the subsequent decades. However, a recent multi-lab collaborative study (McCarthy et al., 20...

We conducted a preregistered multi-laboratory project (k = 36; N = 3531) to assess the size and robustness of ego depletion effects using a novel replication method, termed the paradigmatic replication approach. Laboratories implemented one of two procedures that intended to manipulate self control and tested performance on a subsequent measure of...

In a test of their global-/local-processing-style model, Förster, Liberman, and Kuschel (2008) found that people assimilate a primed concept (e.g., “aggressive”) into their social judgments after a global prime (e.g., they rate a person as being more aggressive than do people in a no-prime condition) but contrast their judgment away from the primed...

We investigated the influence of perceived protective value for the public, perceived self-protective value, and perceived cost of the behavior on the adoption of protective behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. In a pilot study conducted when the lockdown was put in place in Germany, we investigated perceptions of the protective value and use of...

With the present study, we tested whether generosity changes dependent on money or time being shared. During the experiment, participants N = 371 (MAge = 37.5 years, 38.8% female) completed questionnaires measuring social value orientation, moral identity centrality, and honesty-humility. The opportunity cost of time spent on a real effort task was...

Redden and Hoch (2009) found that variety in a set of items robustly decreased the perceived quantity of the sum of these items across multiple studies. For example, a set of multicolored M&M’s was estimated to contain fewer M&M’s than an equally large set of single-colored M&M’s (e.g., Redden & Hoch, 2009, Study 3). We conducted six close replicat...

Uniqueness is a fundamental aspect of individual identity, yet commonly used conceptualizations of uniqueness are based on the contrast between an individual and other people, an understanding that is not congruent with person-centred definitions from humanistic approaches. This study is based on the idea that uniqueness is concerned with the accep...

In diesem Kapitel sollen ausgewählte Mittel der verbalen Kommunikation vorgestellt werden. Im Einzelnen sollen Zuhören, Fragen stellen, Erklären sowie Lachen und Humor näher betrachtet werden.

In diesem Kapitel sollen bekannte konzeptuelle Ansätze zur menschlichen Kommunikation vorgestellt werden. Wir geben zunächst einen allgemeinen Überblick über psychologische Kommunikationsmodelle und gehen dann auf ausgewählte klassische Kommunikationsmodelle ein.

Basierend auf einem früheren Modell zur sozialen Fertigkeit von Argyle (1983) entwickelten Hargie und Kollegen ein komplexes Kommunikationsmodell zur qualifizierten interpersonalen Kommunikation (Hargie und Marshall 1986; Hargie 1997; Dickson et al. 1997).

In diesem Kapitel sollen ausgewählte Fertigkeiten nonverbaler Kommunikation vorgestellt und erläutert werden. Im Einzelnen gehen wir auf haptische Signale, Körpersprache, Proxemik (d. h. räumliches Verhalten) und physische Charakteristika ein.

In diesem Kapitel soll ein Überblick über die Vielfalt menschlicher Kommunikationsformen gegeben werden. Mögliche Unterscheidungskriterien werden vorgestellt. Ein Fließschema zur Bestimmung von Kommunikationsformen kann Ihnen als Navigationshilfe dienen.

Im vorliegenden Kapitel erläutern wir die Begriffe Kommunikation, kommunikative Kompetenz (Kommunikationskompetenz) und Kommunikationspsychologie. Damit möchten wir die Grundlage für das Verständnis der weiteren Kapitel legen.

Dieses erfolgreiche Lehrbuch über die Psychologie der Kommunikation erklärt – hier in der dritten aktualisierten sowie überarbeiteten Auflage – alltagsnah und sehr verständlich, wie menschliche Kommunikation funktioniert. Es beginnt mit der Erläuterung zentraler Begriffe und der Erklärung bekannter Kommunikationsmodelle (bspw. die Modelle nach Schu...

Although anchoring research has explored personality moderators for at least 13 years, it has not produced any robust findings. The reason for this surprising fact is rooted in the problem that most anchoring tasks have unacceptable reliability levels. In a preregistered experiment, we introduce a paradigm that we call the stepwise anchoring paradi...

Research on the effects of body positions has attracted enormous attention in recent years but has been plagued by failed replication attempts. Today, there is some confusion about which effects can be considered reliable. One problem that may have contributed to this confusion is the fact that most previous studies have not clearly distinguished b...

The popularity of miniature wargames (MWGs) has recently been on the rise. We aimed to identify the personality characteristics of people who play MWGs. Whereas the popular media have suspected that fantasy role-playing and war-related games cause antisocial behavior, past research on tabletop role-playing has shown that gamers are creative and emp...

Preprint available for Download: https://psyarxiv.com/mt49r/ We argue that the test-retest reliability coefficient, which is the correlation between a measurement and a repeated measurement using the same diagnostic instrument in the same sample (sometimes referred to as repeatability or falsely referred to as stability), is by itself not an appro...

Zusammenfassung. Emotionale Intelligenz (EI) ist ein zentraler Prädiktor psychischer Gesundheit. Im deutschsprachigen Raum lag bislang keine am Vier-Facetten-Modell der EI orientierte Selbstbeschreibungsskala vor, die an klinischen und nicht-klinischen Gruppen getestet wurde. Die Self-Rated Emotional Intelligence Scale (SREIS) ist mit 19 Items ein...

We investigated the perception and the frequency of various protective behavior measures against COVID-19. Although our sample (German general public, N = 419, age = 38.07 (15.67) years, female = 71.1 % (diverse = 0.5%), students = 34.37%) consisted mostly of prosocially oriented individuals, we found that, above all, participants used protective m...

This poster summarizes our failed and ongoing efforts to replicate both published research articles on subliminal anchoring. This poster's presentation at the TeaP 2020 in Jena, Germany got cancelled along with the whole conference due to the Sars-CoV-2 (Coronavirus) outbreak.

Do expansive body postures increase self-esteem in children? Power posing is a popular but also controversial topic. Still, there has been no research on the possible effects in children. To investigate the influence of power posing in children, 108 German fourth graders were randomly assigned to a high versus a low power posing group. Self-esteem...

Based on the cascading model of EI that proposes that emotion regulation is indirectly influenced by emotion perception, we compared two training approaches. We examined whether including basic abilities when training emotion regulation (mixed approach) leads to better outcomes than training emotion regulation directly (pure approach). Participants...

Ego depletion is a state in which people prefer to avoid mental effort, therefore possibly leading to increased reliance on heuristics. Effortful thinking has been shown to help reduce anchoring effects, in which people form social judgments by adjusting from an initial value (the anchor). We therefore predicted that ego depletion would reduce the...

To what extent are research results influenced by subjective decisions that scientists make as they design studies? Fifteen research teams independently designed studies to answer five original research questions related to moral judgments, negotiations, and implicit cognition. Participants from two separate large samples (total N > 15,000) were th...

While previous research on interpersonal decisions has focused on individual differences or situational determinants, in this paper, we looked at the interplay of situation and personality in decisions that are characterized by a conflict between self‐interest and joint welfare. In an online experiment, 185 participants made decisions about the all...