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Publications (375)
The objective of the present research was to review the state of the art on the consequences of drinking coffee at the different levels of the gastrointestinal tract. At some steps of the digestive process, the effects of coffee consumption seem rather clear. This is the case for the stimulation of gastric acid secretion, the stimulation of biliary...
In the absence of efficient disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson’s disease (PD), research has focused on identifying potential environmental factors whose modulation may prevent or slow the progression of this neurodegenerative disorder. Compelling epidemiological evidence suggests that caffeine consumption is inversely associated with the ri...
Purpose
Most of the existing literature reports no association or a slight negative association between coffee consumption and the risk of developing breast cancer. However, the level of risk differs when considering various subgroups, such as menopausal status, hormonal status of the tumor or genetic mutations. The present review based on a litera...
This book provides comprehensive information, both for clinicians and scientists, on the basic mechanisms, clinical features, and therapeutic approaches to epilepsy as an inflammatory disease. Inflammation has been for many years considered as an etiologic player (and a therapeutic target) for a specific group of epilepsies. However, it turns out t...
The health implications of acrylamide in food are a matter of concern based on toxicological studies in rodents, which showed that doses of acrylamide more than 100 times higher than those estimated to result from dietary exposure in humans are carcinogenic; however, the cancer types reported in rodents are species-specific, and whether these resul...
Our previous studies consistently showed that MDMA‐induced locomotor hyperactivity is dramatically increased by coadministration of ethanol (EtOH) in rats, indicating possible potentiation of MDMA abuse liability. Thus, we aimed to identify the brain region(s) and neuropharmacological substrates involved in the pharmacodynamics of this potentiation...
Appendix S1. Physiology CRF and CDE files. The CDE and CRF modules linked to this article can be found and downloaded as a zip folder.
Appendix S2. Procedures for monitoring cardiorespiratory parameters or temperature and blood sampling. Additional technical information on relevant procedures can be found and downloaded as a word document.
The International League Against Epilepsy/American Epilepsy Society (ILAE/AES) Joint Translational Task Force created the TASK3 working groups to create common data elements (CDEs) for various aspects of preclinical epilepsy research studies, which could help improve standardization of experimental designs. This article concerns the parameters that...
Appendix S1. Behavioral CDE and CRF files. The CDE and CRF modules linked to this article can be found and downloaded as a zip folder.
The provided companion has been developed by the Behavioral Working Group of the Joint Translational Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the American Epilepsy Society (AES) with the purpose of assisting the implementation of Preclinical Common Data Elements (CDE) for studying and for reporting neurobehavioral comorbid...
Background:
Early onset epileptic encephalopathies are rare paediatric diseases, with seizures resistant to drugs and impacting development of cognitive and motor functions. Many of them show monogenic aetiology and engineered animal models are crucial to understand the underlying mechanisms and propose treatment trials. These models have mostly b...
Most individuals adjust their caffeine intake according to the objective and subjective effects induced by the methylxanthine. However, to reach the desired effects, the quantity of caffeine consumed varies largely among individuals. It has been known for decades that the metabolism, clearance, and pharmacokinetics of caffeine is affected by many f...
The use of animal models in experimental studies is responsible for much of our knowledge in epilepsy. The lack of appropriate animal models in the developing brain has led to a significant increase in research activity directed toward the development of newer models for childhood epilepsies. Animal models in the field of epilepsy are useful for a...
The administration of lithium–pilocarpine (LiPilo) in adult rats is a validated model reproducing the main clinical and neuropathological features of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Previous studies have shown that carisbamate (CRS) has the property of modifying epileptogenesis in this model. When treated with CRS, about 50% of rats undergoing LiPilo...
There is common agreement that many disorders of the central nervous system are 'complex', that is, there are many potential factors that influence the development of the disease, underlying mechanisms, and successful treatment. Most of these disorders, unfortunately, have no cure at the present time, and therapeutic strategies often have debilitat...
The 26th ASIC Conference that was held in 2016 in Kunming, China has been marking the 50th anniversary of the creation of ASIC. The meeting in China was well attended by over 400 participants from all over the world and allowed fruitful exchanges among participants from all horizons of coffee science.
In adult rats, the administration of lithium–pilocarpine (LiPilo) reproduces most clinical and neuropathological features of human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Carisbamate (CRS) possesses the property of modifying epileptogenesis in this model. Indeed, about 50% of rats subjected to LiPilo status epilepticus (SE) develop non-convulsive seizures (N...
Over the last decade, Food Regulation Authorities have concluded that coffee/caffeine consumption is not harmful if consumed at levels of 200 mg in one sitting (around 2½ cups of coffee) or 400 mg daily (around 5 cups of coffee). In addition, caffeine has many positive actions on the brain. It can increase alertness and well-being, help concentrati...
Objective:
Even if considered benign, absence epilepsy may alter memory and attention, sometimes subtly. Very little is known on behavior and cognitive functions in the GAERS model of absence epilepsy. We focused on different memory systems and sustained visual attention, using NECs and Wistars as controls.
Methods:
A battery of cognitive/behavi...
Pentylenetetrazol, kainic acid, or pilocarpine can be used to induce seizures in animal models of epilepsy. The present Review describes disturbances in astrocyte-neuron interactions in the acute, latent, and chronic phases analyzed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain tissue extracts from rats injected with [1-(13) C]glucose and [1,2-(13) C...
The influence of caffeine on epileptic seizures remains a matter of debate. Here we tested on Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) the consequences of acute and chronic exposure to caffeine on the expression of spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs). Since caffeine is a mixed nonspecific A1 and A2A adenosine receptor antagonist, we measu...
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is a chronic condition characterized by epileptic seizures originating mainly in temporal lobe areas. Epileptogenesis is a process in which a central nervous system injury can lead surviving neuronal populations to generate abnormal, synchronous and recurrent epileptiform discharges producing focal or generalized seizur...
Objective
From May to September 2014, Epilepsia conducted an online survey seeking opinions on whether consciousness should be used in describing focal and generalized seizures, and what terms should be applied to describe focal seizures with loss of awareness and amnesia. This study reports the findings of that survey.Methods
Two questions asked i...
Objective
From March 19 to June 30, 2014, Epilepsia conducted an open access online survey asking directed questions related to the 2014 Operational Definition of Epilepsy. This study reports the findings of that poll.Methods
The survey consisted of seven questions. Three questions addressed: (1) Criteria for when a person could be considered to ha...
EDITORIAL From the editors: Global awareness and International Epilepsy Day Epilepsia, 56(2):167–176, 2015 Astrid Nehlig , Epilepsia Co-Editor in Chief Gary W. Mathern, Epilepsia Co-Editor in Chief doi: 10.1111/epi.12817 Epilepsy remains the “black sheep” among neurologic diseases. Numerous reports have emphasized that of various neurologic conditi...
Objective:
From May 20 to September 1 2014, Epilepsia conducted an online survey seeking opinions about the use of medical marijuana and cannabidiol (CBD) for people with epilepsy. This study reports the findings of that poll.
Methods:
The survey consisted of eight questions. Four questions asked if there were sufficient safety and efficacy data...
Objective
From July to August 2014, Epilepsia conducted an online survey seeking opinions that explained the discrepancy between the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy in lower income countries. Data on cumulative incidence suggest a higher rate of active epilepsy than reported in lifetime prevalence surveys. This study reports the findings of th...
As reported previously, in the lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), carisbamate (CRS) produces strong neuroprotection, leads to milder absence-like seizures, and prevents behavioral impairments in a subpopulation of rats. To understand the metabolic basis of these effects, here we injected 90mg/kg CRS or vehicle twice daily fo...
Objective
From April 4 to August 1, 2014, Epilepsia conducted an online survey seeking opinions related to the use of the Wada test and intracranial electrodes in localizing cortical functions for epilepsy surgery patients. This study reports the findings of that poll.Methods
The survey consisted of six questions. Two questions addressed: (1) If a...
EDITORIAL From the Editors: Our paper (first) anniversary and launching Epilepsia’s new look Epilepsia, 55(7):949–955, 2014 doi: 10.1111/epi.12684 Gary Mathern, Epilepsia Co-Editor in Chief Laurie Beninsig, Epilepsia Managing Editor It is probably a bit ironic that “paper” is the traditional gift for a first anniversary, as it symbolizes strength f...
Objective:
The Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) is a genetic model, derived from Wistar rats by selective breeding. In all previous studies, GAERS were compared to their paired selected strain not expressing spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs), namely nonepileptic controls (NECs). Because the occurrence/absence of SWDs is of poly...
Since their introduction on the market in the 1960s, benzodiazepines, and among them diazepam, have become ones of the most frequently prescribed psychotropic drugs in industrial countries. These compounds are known for their sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, muscle-relaxant and anticonvulsant properties and their large therapeutic index. Then, they...
Objective:
Temporal lobe epilepsy is a relatively frequent, invalidating, and often refractory neurologic disorder. It is associated with cognitive impairments that affect memory and executive functions. In the rat lithium-pilocarpine temporal lobe epilepsy model, memory impairment and anxiety disorder are classically reported. Here we evaluated s...
Rats with a neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (NVHL) are used to model schizophrenia. They show enhanced locomotion and difficulties in learning after puberty. Such behavioral modifications are strengthened by dopaminergic psychostimulant drugs, which is also relevant for schizophrenia because illustrating its dopaminergic facet. But it remains q...
Several preclinical proof-of-concept studies have provided evidence for positive treatment effects on epileptogenesis. However, none of these hypothetical treatments has advanced to the clinic. The experience in other fields of neurology such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has indicated several problems in the desi...
A biomarker is defined as an objectively measured characteristic of a normal or pathologic biologic process. Identification and proper validation of biomarkers of epileptogenesis (the development of epilepsy) and ictogenesis (the propensity to generate spontaneous seizures) might predict the development of an epilepsy condition; identify the presen...
The search for new treatments for seizures, epilepsies, and their comorbidities faces considerable challenges. This is due in part to gaps in our understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of most forms of epilepsy. An additional challenge is the difficulty in predicting the efficacy, tolerability, and impact of potential new treatments on e...
Purpose:
Administration of carisbamate during status epilepticus (SE) prevents the occurrence of motor seizures in the lithium-pilocarpine model and leads in a subpopulation of rats to spike-and-wave discharges characteristic of absence epilepsy. Widespread neuroprotection accompanied this change in seizure expression. To assess whether these cari...
For several decades, both in vitro and in vivo models of seizures and epilepsy have been employed to unravel the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the occurrence of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS)-the defining hallmark of the epileptic brain. However, despite great advances in our understanding of seizure genesis, investigators have...
Typical and atypical seizures of absence epilepsy are thought to be generated by a rhythmogenic interplay between the cortex and the thalamus. However, the question remains as to which other subcortical and extrathalamic structures are involved in the pathophysiology of typical and atypical absence epilepsy. Limbic structures are not thought to be...
Cocoa powder and chocolate contain numerous substances among which there is a quite large percentage of antioxidant molecules, mainly flavonoids, most abundantly found in the form of epicatechin. These substances display several beneficial actions on the brain. They enter the brain and induce widespread stimulation of brain perfusion. They also pro...
Retigabine [RTG (international nonproprietary name); ezogabine (EZG; U.S. adopted name)] is a first-in-class antiepileptic drug (AED) that reduces neuronal excitability by enhancing the activity of KCNQ (K(v)7) potassium (K(+)) channels. RTG/EZG has recently been approved by the European Medicines Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as...
In this review, we summarize the main known effects of coffee and caffeine on health based on the numerous studies performed over the last ten years. These recent studies report the beneficial properties of moderate doses of coffee (3-4 cups per day) on alertness, vigilance, and cognitive abilities. On the other hand, coffee can disturb sleep and g...
Systemic injection of pilocarpine in rodents induces status epilepticus (SE) and reproduces the main characteristics of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Different mechanisms are activated by SE contributing to cell death and immune system activation. We used BALB/c nude mice, a mutant that is severely immunocompromised, to characterize seizure pattern...
Neonatal ventral hippocampal lesions (NVHL) in rats are considered a potent developmental model of schizophrenia. After NVHL, rats appear normal during their preadolescent time, whereas in early adulthood, they develop behavioral deficits paralleling symptomatic aspects of schizophrenia, including hyperactivity, hypersensitivity to amphetamine (AMP...
The present review is devoted to application of MRI techniques to the epileptic brain and the search for potential biomarkers of epileptogenicity and/or epileptogenesis in rodents that could be translated to the clinic. Diffusion-weighted imaging reveals very early changes in water movements. T(2)-weighted hypersignal indicates edema or gliosis wit...
Aiming at a better understanding of the role of A(2A) in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), we characterized the effects of the A(2A) antagonist SCH58261 (7-(2-phenylethyl)-5-amino-2(2-furyl)-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine) on seizures and neuroprotection in the pilocarpine model. The effects of SCH58261 were further analyzed in combin...
High resolution magic-angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR spectroscopy is a well established technique for ex vivo metabolite investigations but experimental factors such as ischemic delay or mechanical stress due to continuous spinning deserve further investigations. Cortical brain samples from rats that underwent ultrafast in vivo microwave irradiation (M...
Brain slices incubated with glucose have provided most of our knowledge on cellular, synaptic, and network driven mechanisms. It has been recently suggested that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) excites neonatal neurons in conventional glucose-perfused slices but not when ketone bodies metabolites, pyruvate, and/or lactate are added, suggesting that the...
