Astrid Krenz

Ruhr-Universität Bochum | RUB · Faculty of Economics

In this paper, the relocation decision of manufacturing plants across the NUTS-III regions in the German economy is investigated. The relocation decision involves whether a plant (an incumbent) moves its location from one region to another over a time period or whether it stays in the same region. This decision is distinct from the location decisio...

We construct a cohort-based frailty index from age-related health deficits to investigate physiological aging in India over the period 1990-2019. During this period, the Indian states underwent at different speeds the epidemiological transition and experienced unprecedented economic growth. We show that the rate of physiological aging remained rema...

Females are less likely to be exporters although they exert positive influence in various aspects in an economy and society. The issue that females are underrepresented in international trade is currently experiencing a high level of policy attention, however detailed research on the link between gender-related firm productivity and trade is lackin...

We develop a macroeconomic theory of the division of household tasks between servants and own work and how it is affected by automation in households and firms. We calibrate the model for the U.S. and apply it to explain the historical development of household time use and the distribution of household tasks from 1900 to 2020. The economy is popula...

International comparisons of the development of AI have increasingly been made with the use of composite indexes. These aim to identify countries that are at the forefront of AI and those lagging behind. In this paper, we focus in particular on the talent component related to AI. We analyse a new dataset based on the Global Artificial Intelligence...

We develop a macroeconomic theory of the division of household tasks between servants and own work and how it is affected by automation in households and firms. We calibrate the model for the U.S. and apply it to explain the historical development of household time use and the distribution of household tasks from 1900 to 2020. The economy is popula...

Women in developing countries face challenges in terms of managing their menstrual hygiene. They often do not possess the appropriate means, materials, or have access to suitable facilities. Using a newly released dataset for Burkina Faso and propensity score matching, we provide for the first time evidence of the impact of advanced menstrual hygie...

In this paper, we develop a metric of reshoring at the macroeconomic level, at the level of industries or countries. Our dynamic measure computes the change in the domestic–foreign input ratio and therewith captures the idea of moving production back to the home country. Additional conditions ensure that the measure is confined to actual reshoring...

In this paper, we develop a metric of reshoring at the macroeconomic level. Our dynamic measure captures the idea of moving production back to the home country and, given that production is linear homogenous, it is scale-free, i.e. independent of the size of countries or sectors. It identifies the intensity of reshoring in industries and/or countri...

We propose a theoretical framework to analyze the offshoring and reshoring decisions of firms in the age of automation. Our theory suggests that increasing productivity in automation leads to a relocation of previously offshored production back to the home economy but without improving low-skilled wages and without creating jobs for low-skilled wor...

Unsupervised document classification for imbalanced data sets poses a major challenge. To obtain accurate classification results, training data sets are often created manually by humans which requires expert knowledge, time and money. Depending on the imbalance of the data set, this approach also either requires human labelling of all of the data o...

We investigate the regional distribution of the COVID-19 outbreak in Germany. We use a novel digital mobility dataset, that traces the undertaken trips on Easter Sunday 2020 and instrument them with regional accessibility as measured by the regional road infrastructure of Germany’s 401 NUTS III regions. We identify a robust negative association bet...

This paper has two objectives: the construction of enterprise‐level estimates of absorptive capacity to allow comparison of absorptive capacity levels across Europe and the analysis of whether the effects of absorptive capacity on R&D and innovation vary across countries. The dataset is the Community Innovation Survey which provides information on...

Unsupervised document classification for imbalanced data sets poses a major challenge. To obtain accurate classification results, training data sets are often created manually by humans which requires expert knowledge, time and money. Depending on the imbalance of the data set, this approach also either requires human labelling of all of the data o...

The present contribution suggests a two-step classification rule for unsupervised document classification, using one-class Support Vector Machines and Latent Dirichlet Allocation Topic Modeling. The integration of both algorithms allows the usage of labelled, but independent training data, not stemming from the data set to be classified. The manual...

We investigate the regional distribution of the COVID-19 outbreak in Germany. We use a novel digital mobility dataset, that traces the undertaken trips on Easter Sunday 2020 and instrument them with regional accessibility as measured by the regional road infrastructure of Germany’s 401 NUTS III regions. We identify a robust negative association bet...

In this paper, we develop a metric of reshoring at the macroeconomic level. Our dynamic measure captures the idea of moving production back to the home country and, given that production is linear homogenous, it is scale-free, i.e. independent of the size of countries or sectors. It identifies the intensity of reshoring in industries and/or countri...

In this paper I investigate the relocation decision of manufacturing plants in the German economy. The relocation decision involves whether a plant moves its location from one region to another over a time period or whether it stays in the same region. To analyze the relocation of plants, I constructed a novel dataset based on comprehensive regiona...

About 30 years after German reunification a persistent gap in different firm performance measures exists between East and West Germany. In this paper I focus on the differences in new German manufacturing plants' location choices across the German district-free cities and districts and investigate its regional determinants. For that purpose, I cons...

Using a cross-country, firm-level dataset, this paper generates an index of absorptive capacity and estimates its effect upon R&D and product innovation. The results show that absorptive capacity levels vary substantially across European countries with Western European firms generally having higher absorptive capacity. There is also considerable he...

Female-run firms are less likely to be exporters although they exert positive influence in various aspects in an economy and society. With a new and comprehensive data set on manufacturing plants, I investigate the exporter productivity premium of female-run firms in Germany. The results show that female-run firms gain a higher exporter-productivit...

I investigate the relationship between the extensive margins of imports and exports (the number of countries traded with and the number of goods traded) and firm productivity using a newly constructed and rich panel data set of German manufacturing firms for the years 2009-2014. I do for the first time construct a data set based on German trade dat...

Women in developing countries face challenges in terms of managing their menstrual hygiene. Oftentimes they do not possess the right means nor materials nor have access to the right facilities. Using a newly released dataset for Burkina Faso and propensity score matching, we provide for the first time evidence of a strong causal impact of advanced...

We propose a theoretical framework to analyze the offshoring and reshoring decisions of firms in the age of automation. Our theory suggests that increasing productivity in automation leads to a relocation of previously offshored production back to the home economy but without improving low-skilled wages and without creating jobs for low-skilled wor...

This paper provides a programme that computes in STATA a Firm-Level Cluster Index based on the method - with minor differences - from Thomas Brenner and Tobias Scholl, "Detecting Spatial Clustering Using a Firm-Level Cluster Index", Regional Studies, 2016, p. 1054-1068.

Research on reshoring has received increasing interest in the past literature, however it has not yet been adequately measured in macroeconomic studies. In this note I give an example of how a declining degree of offshoring is not able to indicate reshoring. Moreover, I briefly talk about a new measure of reshoring at the macroeconomic level. That...