Asra Hameed

• Pharm.D
• Medical Professional at Atco Laboratories Limited, B-18 Manghopir Road, Karachi, Pakistan

Recent study was conducted to develop a simple UV spectrophotometric method to determine Phenytoin in bulk and injection form according to official requirement and validate as per ICH guidelines. λmax of Phenytoin was found 202 nm. Linearity existed perceived in the concentration assortment 2-8 μg/ml (r 2 = 0.999) for the method. The method was val...

Fexofenadine hydrochloride (FFH) is a second-generation oral antihistamine which has been widely prescribed for alleviating symptoms of Allergic rhinitis in children [1]. Fexofenadine is a non-sedating antihistamine approved for treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis and considerably reduced pruritus severity [2]. Fexofenadine HCl is safe and effe...

Recent study was conducted to develop a simple UV spectrophotometric method to determine an HCV inhibitor, Velpatasvir in bulk form according to official requirement and validate as per ICH guidelines. λmax of Velpatasvir was found 303 nm. Linearity existedperceived in the concentration assortment 5-40 μg/ml (r 2 =0.999) for the method. The method...

Background: Quinolones are the antibacterial agents which vigorously inhibit the DNA synthesis. Pharmacodynamically they are DNA Gyrase inhibitor. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare two quinolone derivatives using HPLC. Result: The drug content is found to be as 96.25% in ofloxacin sample tablets and 99.64% in ciprofloxacin sample table...

Stroke is an emergency condition in which blood supply get effected and blood flow to brain stops and brain cells starts to die. Stroke is a second leading cause of hospitalization during Hajj. There are six types of stroke. There are many risk factors which may lead to stroke during Hajj such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, hypercholeste...

BACKGROUND Medication error is a worldwide concern of healthcare professionals. In community setup pharmacist or a chemist is the last person between the patient and the pill. Any error while dispensing medication could lead to serious consequences. In this regard WHO has recommended some guidelines for improving medication safety. But it is largel...

The purpose of this study is to check pharmaceutical equivalence of altered brands of Losartan Potassium tablets available in Karachi, Pakistan. Two different brands of Losartan Potassium tablets (50 mg) were investigated in the study. Five Quality Control (QC) parameters: Weight variation, thickness test, hardness, friability and disintegration te...

Background: Community based Pharmacists can provide healthcare advice to women, and that they can play an important role in women health. However, due to culture of Pakistan many women cannot directly contact to male community pharmacist to get medical advice. Women pharmacist working in community set up can help such women of the community and can...

Background: Immunizations are crucial to protect patients from vaccine-preventable diseases, and community pharmacists play a pivotal position to increase awareness about their importance, as well as to identify those patients who may benefit from specific vaccinations. By continually having the pharmacist educate and reinforce the availability and...

Antibiotics also acknowledged as antibacterial medications that inhibits or slows down the growth of bacteria. From discovery of antibiotics, decade added to the life expectancy of man. Irrational use of antibiotics can lead to resistance towards wide range of pathogens and bacteria. The emergence of resistance is threatening the usefulness of anti...

Presently the Use of Oral dispersible tablets is becoming more popular over conventional tablets due to their ease in administration and for patient compliance. The purpose of our study is to formulate oral dispersible antacid tablets for elderly patients who cannot take conventional chewable dosage form. Patients confined to bed usually suffer hea...

The problem of Infertility and aridity is emergent in western societies and also in eastern societies , only some researches have examined the drug utilization of widespread treatments for infertility. Clomifene citrateis the initial-line management intended for normogonadotropic females with absent or asymmetrical ovulation. The objective of this...

Oral antihypertensive agent amlodipine that is used for primary and secondary hypertension plus it is more effective than β-blockers in the treatment of variant angina because it prevents and reverses the coronary spasms resulting in increased blood flow. the release of drug from the tablet can be monitored by altering the design and content of the...

Reduced aqueous solubility should make drug investigation study and development added to more difficult the film coated Famotidine, is a receptor of H2 histamine antagonist that stops the production of acid secretion from stomach. The management of peptic ulcer plus gastroesohageal reflux famotidine mostly prescribed The objective of the research s...

Naproxen sodium has been extensively used as anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. It acts by inhibiting enzyme complex prostaglandin synthetase by reducing the synthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. It also inhibits platelet aggregation by inhibiting platelet thromboxane A2. The aim of the study is to devise a method whi...

Hypertension is actually a physiological disorder in which a person experience high blood pressure in a periodic manner.Hypertension is emergent in numerous developing states as a prominent cause of cardiovascular mortality, morbidity as well as disability in adults. The whole research pattern is being made to get a full knowledge regarding all asp...

Rare diseases remain habitually chronic, degenerative, progressive, and often life-threatening. 80% of rare diseases have identified inherited origins. Further rare diseases are the consequence of infections (bacterial or viral), allergies and environmental causes, or stand worsening and proliferative. Rare diseases exist characterised by a broad d...

Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, usually associated with airway hyper-responsiveness and variable airflow obstruction, that is often reversible spontaneously or under treatment.Chronic respiratory diseases account for four million deaths annually. Allergen sensitization is an important risk factor for asthma. As...

Introduction: Calcium as well as vitamin D is crucial for bone health. Their deficiency may lead to weak bones by lowering the density of bones, called to be as “osteopenia”. It is alarming sign for patient and healthy life style and adequate diet can control the further damage of bone. Inadequate care may lead to “Osteoporosis”, in which corrosion...

Ofloxacin is used to treat a bacterial infection. It is indicated for the treatment of adults with mild to moderate infections triggered by susceptible strains of the nominated microorganisms in the infections likes acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, community acquired pneumonia, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, a...

Antibiotics also acknowledged as antibacterial medications that inhibits or slows down the growth of bacteria. From discovery of antibiotics, decade added to the life expectancy of man. Irrational use of antibiotics can lead to resistance towards wide range of pathogens and bacteria. The emergence of resistance is threatening the usefulness of anti...

Among the most serious and considerable matters related to public health, Dengue fever which is caused by viral infection has become the most significant health issue globally. For the treatment of Dengue fever, unluckily there is no such drug classification which posses any activity against the viral infection, nevertheless, many botanical agents...

Introduction: Eye problems like nearsightedness, farsightedness, are treated by the use of lenses in either form of glasses or contact lenses. The use of glasses and contact lenses may cause itchy eyes, dry eyes, inflammation or infection to the eyes. Proper care of eye-wears/spectacles is necessary to avoid these conditions. Eye wetting drop may a...

The aim of this study is to check Pharmaceutical Equivalents of different brands of Mefenamic Acid tablets available in Karachi, Pakistan. Two different brands of Mefenamic Acid tablets (500 mg) were investigated in the study. Four quality control (QC) parameters: weight variation, hardness test, friability test and disintegration test were carried...

A phobia (anxiety disorder) is an overwhelming and unreasonable fear of an object or situation that poses little real danger but provokes anxiety and avoidance. The three classes of phobias are social phobia (fear of speaking with others, fear in meeting new people and some other social situations), agoraphobia (fear of being outside), and specific...

Naegleria is more likely a hazardous condition for the world. It is fulminant and water borne protozoan disease transmitted through warm fresh water environment and infects the human causing Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM). The most common clinical findings regarding naegleria are severe headache, sudden onset of fever, neck stiffness, an...

Pneumonia is one of the most common infectious diseases and is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Pneumococcal disease is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumonia. Virus and fungi can also cause pneumonia. It can transmit by coughing or sneezing. Chest radiography, Sputum and blood culture are the diagnostic techniques...

A prescription is an important part of health care system in which a registered medical practitioner, a physician or a doctor writes important instructions for the pharmacist and patients. Specific medication for a patient, total quantity of medication or duration of treatment, how to use the specific medication for the desired effects and what sho...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health problem and can cause severe liver disease. The public has little understanding of hepatitis C. Therefore, a survey was performed to investigate the awareness of Hepatitis C in General population, Medical and Pharm D students in Karachi. A questionnaire on hepatitis C was publicized and distributed a...

Antibiotic misuse is one of the major problems of our society. This is the survey based study that was designed to check the prevalence of antibiotic misuse and to prevent the emergence of antibiotics resistance. Different questions were asked to 200 university students in the month of November-2014. According to our survey report, 52.5% participan...

Chocolate is a unique flavored food used in our society. Chocolate is also known as 'food of Gods'. It is prepared from the seeds of a plant Theobroma cacao. It contains many active ingredients. The most important ingredient of chocolate is caffeine, a Central Nervous System (CNS) stimulant. Caffeine also has a potency to make its user addicted to...

Hormones play a vital role in the health of human females and hormonal imbalance can cause several pathological conditions. Improper diet, stressful or depressed lifestyles and use of drugs can cause hormonal imbalance. This study aimed to find out the causes of hormonal imbalance in females aged between 15-40 years. A cross-sectional and random sa...

Alopecia is sudden or gradually loss of hairs from the head or scalp and other bodily parts experienced by many males, females and children. There are several causes of hair fall like diet, medications, illness and some fungal infections. Alopecia can be experienced by any age group. Some hair treatment and use of hard chemicals on hairs can also c...

Throat cancer can originate in the larynx, thyroid gland or squamous cells lining the pharynx. It can be malignant or benign. It awareness is very low in public. Risk factors for throat cancer include smoking and heavy alcohol consumption. Symptoms include voice changes, such as hoarseness, the sensation of something stuck in the throat, and persis...

A brain disease, migraine is a special type of headache that causes highly intense, throbbing quality pain in half-head or any one side of head. It may be due to several reasons like food intake, sleep disturbance, stress or tension etc. Hormonal disturbance can result in migraine. There is no specific treatment for migraine. Analgesics or Pain kil...

A viral infectious disease, dengue which is transmitted by mosquitoes, is very severe disease. Symptoms may vary person to person and also depends upon the severity of the viral infection. High fever, headache and body aches are the general complains of dengue infectious patients. Thrombocytopenia is also common in dengue. There is no treatment of...

Glioblastoma or glioblastoma multiforme abbreviated as GBM is the most common and most aggressive type of glioma. Glioblastoma tumors arise from astrocytes (star shaped cell) that make glue like tissues of the brain. Astrocytomas are a type of cancer of the brain and GBM is grade four tumors & the most malignant form of astrocytoma. Our survey aime...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological conditions among young adults. MS is known as an autoimmune condition. It is an inflammatory, demyelinating CNS disease. Our survey aimed to find out its awareness among the undergraduates of MBBS & Pharmacy in Karachi city. A cross-sectional and random method was used to collect data i...

Anemia is very common in pregnancy because during pregnancy, there was the fluid portion of a pregnant lady's blood (the plasma) increases faster than the number of RBCs which dilutes the blood and lead to anemia so can be treated easily with the help of medications. Our studies aim to find out the Prevalence & Consequences of Anemia in Pregnancy i...

A B S T R A C T Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are autoimmune diseases, which is a group of inflammatory conditions like Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). In inflammatory bowel disease, there is an inflammation in the small intestine and colon. Symptoms of IBD include abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, severe in...

A motor neuron disease, known as (ALS) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in which neuronal muscles becomes atrophic. There is a loss of control of the brain on voluntary muscles occurs. Signs and symptoms of the disease vary according to the condition of a patient. There is no specific diagnostic test and treatment yet for this disease. Our survey aime...

A bowel function disorder, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is very common problem that highly affects the quality of life of the patient. IBS may be diarrhoea predominant IBS (IBS-D), may be (IBS-C) constipation predominant IBS, and sometimes mixed bowel pattern (IBS-M) with both harden & loosen stools. Complications may include changes in bowel hab...

A viral infectious disease, dengue which is transmitted by mosquitoes, is very severe disease. Symptoms may vary person to person and also depends upon the severity of the viral infection. High fever, headache and body aches are the general complains of dengue infectious patients. Thrombocytopenia is also common in dengue. There is no treatment of...

Prescription writing is the key part in healthcare provision. The caution use of antibiotics is very important as their resistance can be life threatening. Our study aims to find out the current prescribing practice of the antibiotics, specially the use of cephalosporins for Pediatric in tertiary health care centres situated in Karachi. Cross secti...