Aslam Muhammad

• University of Engineering and Technology Lahore

In an e-learning environment, question levels are based on Bloom’s Taxonomy (BT), which normally classifies a course’s learning objectives into diverse levels. As per the previous literature, the assessment procedure lacks accuracy and results in redundant keywords when automatically assigning Bloom’s taxonomic categories using a keyword-based appr...

Hate speech and other forms of hostile communication on social media have several implications such as; fostering violence, promoting social divide, and negative psychological effects. Since such toxic language is becoming more and more common, it is imperative to have a proper way of identifying it, especially in low resource language like Urdu. T...

There is a widespread increase of adoption of e-learning platforms, there is a great need to develop effective methods for assessing students’ cognitive abilities to deal with that environments. Traditional assessment methods need to improve in terms of analyzing the diverse range of skills and knowledge that students acquire during online learning...

2.2 billion people worldwide suffer from some form of vision impairment, according to the World Health Organization. Children with vision impairment and blindness may experience impaired physical, linguistic, and cognitive development, resulting in reduced levels of academic accomplishment. Many visually impaired people are working in the education...

Visually impaired individual faces many challenges when comes to object recognition and routing inside or out. Despite the availability of numerous visual assistance systems, the majority of these system depends on English auditory feedback, which is not effective for the Pakistani population, since a vast population of Pakistanis cannot comprehend...

The paper presents a semantic parser for Urdu language web queries about the journal’s dataset. It is built on the Sempre framework and trained using natural language paraphrases of logical queries from the Tehqeeqat domain. The parser uses linguistic information, including part of speech (POS), skip-bigrams, word alignment, and paraphrases. Sempre...

In the internet of things (IoT) networks, machine learning (ML) is significantly used for malware and adversary detection. Recently, research has shown that adversarial attacks have put ML-based models at risk. This problem is exacerbated in an IoT environment because of the absence of adequate security measures. Consequently, it is crucial to eval...

With the advancement of artificial intelligence and computer vision, assistive devices for visually impaired people is an active research area for the last decade. People with visual disabilities face challenges in the detection and recognition of various human actions which leads to a lack of confidence and constant dependency while performing dai...

Disease’s classification of the cotton leaf can increase the cotton yield. Deep learning is emerging as a powerful method in many fields, and much research has been done in Agriculture in real-time detection of cotton leaf diseases. Convolution Neural Networks have played a vital role in plant classification and identification of diseases, but stil...

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) is one of the alluring breakthroughs for mankind as it provides a new way of communication for the patients of neuro-muscular disorders. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are the most studied type of signals to detect brain activities because of its non-invasive and portable nature. The major problem in the identi...

Use of traditional medicines to resolve healthcare issues in developing countries is widespread and increasing. Despite of this, knowledge of traditional medicines is getting lost. One of the major reasons is absence of appropriate knowledge preservation and sharing system. The aim of this paper is to design a comprehensive cloud based knowledge sh...

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has a crucial role in creating and implementing support applications for visual impaired users. For instance, most of them face a lot of challenges in carrying out educational activities and collaborating with another sighted individual. Visual impairment entails a lack of confidence and acceptance to...

Due to the lack of confidence and vision capability, it becomes very difficult for blind individuals to perform group activities with sighted persons. By use of modern technology, we can easily overcome this issue. Google Docs, Microsoft word add-in, and other available tools do not provide voice-based notifications about dynamic actions for the vi...

Our proposed system is an offline android application named as “Urdu mu-all-um”. The final design is demonstrated through various android mobiles. The application consists of writing and reading of Urdu alphabets and words as well as reading of counting, grammar, idioms, proverbs, phrases, vocabulary, dialogues and chat-bot in Urdu language. We des...

Despite being a well-established field of study, the Knowledge Management (KM) theory is still deficient in capturing important indigenous knowledge domains, a prime example is of Unani Medicines. The main aim of the study is, therefore, to enrich KM theory and practice through proposing a Knowledge Management Framework (KMF) for traditional Unani...

Agriculturalists frequently visit farms to monitor the condition of plants and the crop. The monitoring spends time and augments the cost of production. Conventional monitoring techniques and inspection may cause low crop production, and severe diseases attack, the plague of insects and parasites. This paper describes the design, development, and v...

Sight threatening diseases are viral these days. Some of these are so harmful that it may cause complete vision loss. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) are from this category. The first step to cure such diseases is to accurately predict it. For prediction of these diseases there is a large number of machine/deep learning a...

Use of Traditional Medicines (TMs) to resolve healthcare issues in developing countries like Pakistan is widespread and increasing. Despite of this, their knowledge is getting lost. One of the major reasons is absence of appropriate knowledge preservation and sharing systems. In order to bring this knowledge into being, safe, protect, store, prese...

This paper describes an intensive design leading to the implementation of an intelligent lab companion (ILC) agent for an intelligent virtual laboratory (IVL) platform. An IVL enables virtual labs (VL) to be used as online research laboratories, thereby facilitating and improving the analytical skills of students using agent technology. A multi-age...

Students’ interaction and collaboration with the fellows and teachers using the Internet of Things (IoT) based interoperable infrastructure is a convenient way. Measuring student attention is an essential part of the educational assessment for students’ interaction. As new learning styles develop, new tools and assessment methods are also needed. T...

The university's computer laboratory is currently one of the most challenging aspects when imparting practical tasks with regards to the education technology (ET) enhancement. This study intends to observe the issues confronted by students while performing tasks in the laboratory in different educational modes. The online survey is conducted using...

Multimedia-based Electronic learning (eLearning) is an effective method of knowledge transfer. Multimedia-based eLearning provides the opportunity to the students that they can use once delivered and recorded video lecture any time. Multimedia tools and its applications if used in eLearning enable the students and teachers to take such kind of adva...

We show an intuitive method to segment the heart chambers and epicardial surfaces, including the colossal vessel dividers, in pediatric cardiovascular in Machine Resonance Imaging (MRI) of inherent coronary illness. Exact entire heart division is important to make tolerant specific 3D heart models for surgical arranging within the sight of complex...

Drowsiness and sleepiness of driver is an important cause of road accident on expressways, highways, and motorways. These accidents not only results in economic loss but may also in physical injuries, which could result permanent disability or even death. The aim of this research is to minimize this cause of road accidents. Safe driving requirement...

Students’ interaction and collaboration using Internet of Things (IoT) based interoperable infrastructure is a convenient way. Measuring student attention is an essential part of educational assessment. As new learning styles develop, new tools and assessment methods are also needed. The focus of this paper is to develop IoT-based interaction frame...

Multimedia is an essential and integral part of electronic learning (e-learning). In this study, teaching performance and student learning experience are measured using real-time multimedia processing tools and techniques for the e-learning paradigm. Visual attention and visual engagement analysis are performed using two developed algorithms. Video...

Today, even in the presence of IT applications built for the blind, they are facing many problems. Either the applications are for individual’s use or if offer collaborative writing, they are not up to the mark. In the collaborative writing, for instance, in Microsoft Word Add-In and the Google Docs UI, the authors do not know about changes made in...

Research in era of data representation to contribute and improve key data policy involving the assessment of learning, training and English language competency. Students are required to communicate in English with high level impact using language and influence. The electronic technology works to assess students' questions positively enabling semant...

Semantic similarity analysis is an emerging research area and plays an important role in document classification, text summarization, and plagiarism identification. Moreover, digital data are increasing tremendously over the Internet. Such unstructured data need efficient tools to find any relevant topic or related content optimally. Thus, many sys...

People prefer to share and express opinions in their own language. Internet is a biggest repository for sharing opinions. Opinion mining uses Natural Language Processing (NLP), text analysis and computational linguistics to identify and extract subjective information in data. Opinion mining for Urdu language is not a well explored area. Therefore,...

This study aims to assess the visual engagement of the video lectures. This analysis can be useful for the presenter and student to find out the overall visual attention of the videos. For this purpose, a new algorithm and data collection module are developed. Videos can be transformed into a dataset with the help of data collection module. The dat...

Confidentiality and efficient bandwidth utilization requires compression and encryption of digital images. Both of these parameters are necessary for most communication systems. Encryption and compression done separately sometimes result in decreased performance or reduced reconstruction quality. The paper presents a simultaneous encryption and com...

The successful use of intelligent agents in healthcare has attracted researchers to apply this emerging software engineering paradigm in more advanced and complex applications. Main success factor is the natural mapping of real world medical problems into cyber world. Multi-agent architecture can easily model the heterogeneous, distributed and auto...

The development of socially interactive agents emerged as a challenging task due to paradigm shift from behavioral to motivational based agents. In current nascent scenario, machines may have their own motives and goals like humans, which subsequently enhance their capability to improve their communication during any social interaction. Moreover si...

Generally, it is seen that the disable people most commonly blinds in our society are not encouraged to work with normal community due to lack of vision, communication, and understandings. Fortunately, this is no longer a big issue. By use of modern technology and tools we can develop flexible environments in which blinds work collaboratively with...

In big data, data originates from many distributed and different sources in the shape of audio, video, text and sound on the bases of real time; which makes it massive and complex for traditional systems to handle. For this, data representation is required in the form of semantically-enriched for better utilization but keeping it simplified is esse...

Online content has been recently subjected to ethical filtering in conformance to regional set of norms. Normative judgments are often difficult to determine the limits to dispersion and free-flow of information by state and society. Filtering unethical website content requires keyword analysis, a challenge in current manual IP filtering technologi...

Traditional medicines can play a major role in global health care, due to its indigenous nature, easy access, and cost effectiveness. However, knowledge of this intellectual property is in danger of being lost. It is either undocumented or if documented, it is inaccessible and local in context. World Health Organization signifies the necessity to p...

Natural disasters cause devastation in the society due to unpredictable nature. Whether damage is minor or severe, emergency support should be provided within time. Multi-agent systems have been proposed to efficiently cope with emergency situations. Lot of work has been done on maturing core functionality of these systems but little attention has...

Vision loss is one of ultimate obstacle in the lives of blind that prevent them to perform tasks on their own and self-reliantly. The blind are trusting on others for the selection of trendy and eye-catching accessories because self –buying effort lead them in such collection that is mismatch with their personalities and society style. That is why...

This paper describes how to solve numerical problems by a non computer user based on Knowledge Based Systems (KBSs) principles. The aims of our approach is to handle numerical information of the problem, by using Backward Logical inferences, deducing whether or not the required mathematical composition functions exist. We implemented a backward inf...

Traditional medicines can play a major role in global health care, due to its indigenous nature, easy access and cost effectiveness. However, knowledge of this intellectual property is in danger of being lost, due to multiple factors. It is either local in context or undocumented for which reason World Health Organization signifies the necessity to...

This paper presents, a grammatically motivated, sentiment classification model, applied on a morphologically rich language: Urdu. The morphological complexity and flexibility in grammatical rules of this language require an improved or altogether different approach. We emphasize on the identification of the SentiUnits, rather than, the subjective w...

Observing the role of traditional medicines in global healthcare, World Health Organization signifies the need to preserve knowledge of this valuable intellectual property which is being lost or inaccessible, as it is either undocumented or local in context. Unani medicines, a 2500 years old system, has been practiced in Asia, is facing the same si...

Today every person wants be attractive and well dressed. Especially, women want to appear beautiful than all others. For this, they go to different parlors and invest lots of money and time. On the other hands, in some countries like Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, it is not normal practice for women to go out and got beauty treatments. In addition t...

One of the most recent developments within computer science is cloud computing which provides services (power, storage, platform, infrastructure etc.). Many clouds provide services are based on cost, efficiency, performance, and quality. Stakeholders have to compromise cost sometimes and performance or quality other times. Provision of the best qua...

As the world is realizing the power and efficiency of cloud computing, enhanced security and intelligence is needed in communication to filter out unethical data violating norms in clouds. No filtering categorization has been currently proposed. Numerous lists of banned, unethical and objectionable words have been developed with limited user satisf...

Languages like Spanish and Arabic are spoken over a large geographic area. The people that speak these languages develop differences in accent, annotation and phonetic delivery. This leads to difficulty in standardization of languages for education and communication (both text and oral). The problem is addressed by phonetic dictionaries to some ext...

Accurate load forecasting is essential for energy planning and load management. This paper presents long term industrial load forecasting (LTLF) using Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous model (NARX) based Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN) method, Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Neural Network models. It is applied to data sets obtained from Na...

The cod obfuscation is a process of transforming any program into an incomprehensible form for protecting it from malicious attempts. To achieve this objective, many algorithms are found in the literature. Some of them based on program instructions reordering and block reordering which are difficult to implement as well as resource requirements are...

Recitation of the Holy book of Muslims, The Holy Quran, is a regions duty and hence is done with utmost care such that no mistakes are made while reading it. These mistakes may include the wrong utterance of words, misreading words, and punctuation and pronunciation mistakes. Believers of Islam are spread all over the world and hence there also can...

Many learning algorithms exist that are routinely used as commercial system. However, given knowledge in health domain, it is difficult to train computers for the decision making and learning. The problem becomes complex when some common symptoms of multiple diseases are present. Some knowledge based systems are available to find a particular disea...

One of the most important challenges in traditional learning environments is coping with the learning pace of naturally varying skilled learners. Not all learners have same learning tendency. They suffer if a proper way is not devised to cope with this challenge. In such a heterogeneous learning environment, they should be provided with personalize...

This paper describes the development and testing of a diagnostic system using sonograms. In far flung areas of under developing countries where the availability of specialists is a problem and sometimes not even a possibility, it is highly beneficial to have on site diagnosis computer application to support medical staff. Diagnose of sonograms to i...

The paper investigates and proposes the treatment of the effect of the phrase-level negation on the sentiment analysis of the Urdu text based reviews. The negation acts as the valence shifter and flips or switches the inherent sentiments of the subjective terms in the opinionated sentences. The presented approach focuses on the subjective phrases c...

Reliability centered maintenance provides failure free functionality of heavy plant equipment. Tedious preventive maintenance tasks, inapplicable solutions and significant start up costs are the major limitations of this strategy. The aim of this paper is to improve the analysis efficiency of reliability centered maintenance without trading off qua...

Currently learning paradigms have been overcome, using information and communication technologies (ICT) to give rise to e-learning domain. Thus, classical classrooms based training has been substituted by online systems working on Internet. The aim of an e-learning system is to fulfill requirements of instructors as well as learners. However, insti...

Like other languages, Urdu websites are becoming more popular, because the people prefer to share opinions and express sentiments in their own language. Sentiment analyzers developed for other well-studied languages, like English, are not workable for Urdu, due to their scriptic, morphological, and grammatical differences. As a result, this languag...

Every feature extraction and modeling technique of voice/speech is not suitable in all type of environments. In many real life applications, it is not possible to use all type of feature extraction and modeling techniques to design a single classifier for speaker identification tasks because it will make the sys-tem complex. So instead of exploring...

Governments in under developing countries face serious problems for offering quality healthcare services at reasonable cost due to rapidly graying population and patients with chronic diseases. Due to currently healthcare resources are not sufficient, many deaths without medication are produced. Thus, this increasing important issue needs to be att...

In daily routine life, people frequently perform computer aided physical activities explicitly shifting from real to virtual world and conversely. In this shift and in order to get some recommendations, people are inquired about personal information. Normally, people do not know how to organize ideas to answer to an automatic inquiry or sometimes,...

With the introduction of the concept of cloud computing an immense trend is found towards the concept of computing as service, with this approach the huge efforts are being made to utilize mobile phones and other hand held devices at their fullest. With this the first thing that comes out in mind is, to use the mobiles and hand held devices as real...

In this paper, we present our practical experience of exploring Web based Cooperative Writing Applications(CWA), a kind of groupware which supports people working in groups to achieve common tasks. While producing cooperatively, participants need structured information about activities of their colleagues and the shared production. Without these fe...

The lack of an assistance support may result in disturbance of coauthors by beginners who ask for help when they are in trouble to produce or reuse shared resources. Additionally, collaborators may not be sure if their respective production is consistent with the collaborative common contribution. We tackle this issue by developing a group awarenes...

Taking into account the number of works and studies developed, without any doubt, group awareness constitutes one of the keystones for designing and implementing a groupware application. This research focuses on the design and the development of a Group Awareness Knowledge based System (GAKS) whose aim is to provide elaborated and innovative awaren...

The performance of speaker identification systems has improved due to recent advances in speech processing techniques but there is still need of improvement in term of text-independent speaker identification and suitable modelling techniques for voice feature vectors. It becomes difficult for person to recognize a voice when an uncontrollable noise...

In high cost mechatronics and safety-critical systems it becomes very important to ensure failure free functionality. Different software engineering techniques are used to ensure that a robot achieves its goals in any circumstances. However, the mechanical components can breakdown accidentally or due to gradual use, making it difficult to ensure fa...

This paper studies different vehicle fault prediction techniques, using artificial neural network and fuzzy logic based model. With increasing demands for efficiency and product quality as well as progressing integration of automatic control systems in high-cost mechatronics and safety-critical processes, monitoring is necessary to detect and diagn...

This paper presents our approach to design and provide elaborated awareness coordination functions for cooperative production of complex Web shared documents. We designed a Group Awareness Inference Engine (GAIE) that catches working focus of collaborators and then deduces some of their potential interests for communication to enhance coordination...

This paper describes the principle of an inference engine that analyzes useful information of actions, performed by cooperating users, to propose modifications of the states and/or the presentation of the shared objects. Using cooperative groupware applications, a group of people may work on the same task while other users may pursue their individu...

As part of any groupware that supports people achieving a common goal, it is required to provide information about structured shared objects and the activities of participants, as well as an efficient communication service and effective coordination mechanism. Thus, this paper presents an empirical study of the trade-off concerning awareness functi...