Asifullah Khan

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Verified

Asifullah verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• Ph.D.
• Professor (Full) at Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Vision Transformers (ViTs) have shown remarkable success in medical image segmentation, but individually, they struggle to capture both local and global contexts. To address this limitation, we propose MaxViT-UNet, a hybrid encoder–decoder architecture that integrates convolutional operations and multi-axis...

Self-supervised learning is a machine learning approach that generates implicit labels by learning underlined patterns and extracting discriminative features from unlabeled data without manual labelling. Contrastive learning introduces the concept of "positive" and "negative" samples, where positive pairs (e.g., variation of the same image/object)...

Effective malware detection is critical to safeguarding digital ecosystems from evolving cyber threats. However, the scarcity of labeled training data, particularly for cross-family malware detection, poses a significant challenge. This research proposes a novel architecture ConvNet-6 to be used in Siamese Neural Networks for applying Zero-shot lea...

Deep supervised learning models require high volume of labeled data to attain sufficiently good results. Although, the practice of gathering and annotating such big data is costly and laborious. Recently, the application of self supervised learning (SSL) in vision tasks has gained significant attention. The intuition behind SSL is to exploit the sy...

Accurate nuclei segmentation is an essential foundation for various applications in computational pathology, including cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. Even slight variations in nuclei representations can significantly impact these downstream tasks. However, achieving accurate segmentation remains challenging due to factors like clustered n...

"Venturing into the Jungle Depths and Conquering Neural Networks Wilderness" is a journey where we aim to decipher various concepts of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). In this adventure, we probe into Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Autoencoders, Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs), and Transformers. Narrat...

Jet tagging is an essential categorization problem in high energy physics. In recent times, Deep Learning has not only risen to the challenge of jet tagging but also significantly improved its performance. In this article, we propose an idea of a new architecture, Particle Multi-Axis transformer (ParMAT) which is a modified version of Particle tran...

The critical heat flux (CHF) associated with the departure from nucleate boiling (DNB) determines the design and safety aspects of two-phase flow boiling systems. Despite the availability of several predictive tools, within the thermal engineering community, the pursuit of an accurate and robust CHF model remains a significant challenge. In this un...

The cyber realm is overwhelmed with dynamic malware that promptly penetrates all defense mechanisms, operates unapprehended to the user, and covertly causes damage to sensitive data. The current generation of cyber users is being victimized by the interpolation of malware each day due to the pervasive progression of Internet connectivity. Malware i...

Medical image segmentation plays a crucial role in various healthcare applications, enabling accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and disease monitoring. Traditionally, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) dominated this domain, excelling at local feature extraction. However, their limitations in capturing long-range dependencies across image re...

Vision transformers have become popular as a possible substitute to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for a variety of computer vision applications. These transformers, with their ability to focus on global relationships in images, offer large learning capacity. However, they may suffer from limited generalization as they do not tend to model lo...

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, specialized immune cells, are considered an important biomarker in cancer analysis. Automated lymphocyte detection is challenging due to its heterogeneous morphology, variable distribution, and presence of artifacts. In this work, we propose a novel Boosted Channels Fusion-based CNN “BCF-Lym-Detector” for lymphocyte...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetes complication that can cause vision loss among patients due to damage to blood vessels in the retina. Early retinal screening can avoid the severe consequences of DR and enable timely treatment. Nowadays, researchers are trying to develop automated deep learning-based DR segmentation tools using retinal fundus...

Transformers, due to their ability to learn long range dependencies, have overcome the shortcomings of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for global perspective learning. Therefore, they have gained the focus of researchers for several vision related tasks including medical diagnosis. However, their multi-head attention module only captures globa...

Vision transformers have recently become popular as a possible alternative to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for a variety of computer vision applications. These vision transformers due to their ability to focus on global relationships in images have large capacity, but may result in poor generalization as compared to CNNs. Very recently, the...

Convolutional neural networks have made significant strides in medical image analysis in recent years. However, the local nature of the convolution operator inhibits the CNNs from capturing global and long-range interactions. Recently, Transformers have gained popularity in the computer vision community and also medical image segmentation. But scal...

Critical heat flux (CHF) is an essential parameter that plays a significant role in ensuring the safety and economic efficiency of nuclear power facilities. It imposes design and operational restrictions on nuclear power plants due to safety concerns. Therefore, accurate prediction of CHF using a hybrid framework can assist researchers in optimizin...

Intelligent traffic management systems have become one of the main applications of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). There is a growing interest in Reinforcement Learning (RL) based control methods in ITS applications such as autonomous driving and traffic management solutions. Deep learning helps in approximating substantially complex nonl...

Designing an intrusion detection system is difficult as network traffic encompasses various attack types, including new and evolving ones with minor changes. The data used to construct a predictive model has a skewed class distribution and limited representation of attack types, which differ from real network traffic. These limitations result in da...

Leukemia, the cancer of blood cells, originates in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow. In Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) conditions, the cells partially become mature that look like normal white blood cells but do not resist infection effectively. Early detection of CML is important for effective treatment, but there is a lack of routine sc...

Malware has evolved to pose a major threat to information security. Efficient anti-malware software are essential in safeguarding confidential information from these threats. However, identifying malware continues to be a challenging task. Signature-based detection methods are quick but fail to detect unknown malware. Additionally, traditional mach...

Detection of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) has a high prognostic value in cancer diagnosis due to their ability to identify and kill cancer cells. However, this task is non-trivial due to their diverse morphology, overlapping boundaries, and presence of artifacts. Vision Transformers (ViTs) have the ability to capture long-range relationshi...

MS Thesis Presentation

Automatic segmentation of shoulder muscle MRI is challenging due to the high variation in muscle size, shape, texture, and spatial position of tears. Manual segmentation of tear and muscle portion is hard, time-consuming, and subjective to pathological expertise. This work proposes a new Region and Edge-based Deep Auto-Encoder (RE-DAE) for shoulder...

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are specialized lymphocytes that can detect and kill cancerous cells. Their detection poses many challenges due to significant morphological variations, overlapping occurrence, artifact regions and high-class resemblance between clustered areas and artifacts. In this regard, a Lymphocyte Analysis Framework based on De...

Monitoring Indicators of Compromise (IOC) leads to malware detection for identifying malicious activity. Malicious activities potentially lead to a system breach or data compromise. Various tools and anti-malware products exist for the detection of malware and cyberattacks utilizing IOCs, but all have several shortcomings. For instance, anti-malwar...

Ransomware attacks pose a serious threat to Internet resources due to their far-reaching effects. It’s Zero-day variants are even more hazardous, as less is known about them. In this regard, when used for ransomware attack detection, conventional machine learning approaches may become data-dependent, insensitive to error cost, and thus may not tack...

Interaction between devices, people, and the Internet has given birth to a new digital communication model, the internet of things (IoT). The integration of smart devices to constitute a network introduces many security challenges. These connected devices have created a security blind spot, where cybercriminals can easily launch attacks to compromi...

The proliferation of internet-connected services has led to significant growth of cyber- attacks often with devastating and grievous consequences. Malware is the key choice of weapon to perform any malevolent activity in the cyberspace. Sophisticated nature of cyber-attacks demand a strong intrusion detection system to secure the computing infrastr...

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) uses diverse, unstructured data and makes RL capable of learning complex policies in high dimensional environments. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) based on Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) offers an excellent playground for policy-based DRL. Deep learning architectures solve computational challenges of traditiona...

Malaria is a life-threatening infection that infects the red blood cells and gradually grows throughout the body. The plasmodium parasite is transmitted by a female Anopheles mosquito bite and severely affects numerous individuals within the world every year. Therefore, early detection tests are required to identify parasite-infected cells. The pro...

Reverse image search has been a vital and emerging research area of information retrieval. One of the primary research foci of information retrieval is to increase the space and computational efficiency by converting a large image database into an efficiently computed feature database. This paper proposes a novel deep learning-based methodology, wh...

Brain tumor detection, at the early stages of its development for the timely cure of the patient, is a challenging task due to its complex nonlinear nature. We propose a dual-channel brain tumor detection (DC-BTD) framework for magnetic resonance imaging scans with optimum false negatives, based on the idea of using D-channel for extremely discrimi...

Medical image segmentation systems play a significant role in assisting radiologists in disease severity, clinical evaluation, and deciding the optimal treatment plan. With the advancements in medical imaging techniques and large volumes of data, deep learning is gaining popularity in medical image segmentation. However, the medical segmentation sy...

Brain tumor analysis is essential to the timely diagnosis and effective treatment of patients. Tumor analysis is challenging because of tumor morphology factors like size, location, texture, and heteromorphic appearance in medical images. In this regard, a novel two-phase deep learning-based framework is proposed to detect and categorize brain tumo...

Ransomware attacks are hazardous cyber-attacks that use cryptographic methods to hold victims’ data until the ransom is paid. Zero-day ransomware attacks try to exploit new vulnerabilities and are considered a severe threat to existing security solutions and internet resources. In the case of zero-day attacks, training data is not available before...

Autonomous modeling of artificial swarms is necessary because manual creation is a time intensive and complicated procedure which makes it impractical. An autonomous approach employing deep reinforcement learning is presented in this study for swarm navigation. In this approach, complex 3D environments with static and dynamic obstacles and resistiv...

The Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in December 2019 has become an ongoing threat to humans worldwide, creating a health crisis that infected millions of lives, as well as devastating the global economy. Deep learning (DL) techniques have proved helpful in analysis and delineation of infectious regions in radiological images in a timely manner. Thi...

Interaction between devices, people, and the Internet has given birth to a new digital communication model, the Internet of Things (IoT). The seamless network of these smart devices is the core of this IoT model. However, on the other hand, integrating smart devices to constitute a network introduces many security challenges. These connected device...

COVID-19 is a respiratory illness that has affected a large population worldwide and continues to have devastating consequences. It is imperative to detect COVID-19 at the earliest opportunity to limit the span of infection. In this work, we developed a new CNN architecture STM-RENet to interpret the radiographic patterns from X-ray images. The pro...

Brain tumors analysis is important in timely diagnosis and effective treatment to cure patients. Tumor analysis is challenging because of tumor morphology like size, location, texture, and heteromorphic appearance in the medical images. In this regard, a novel two-phase deep learning-based framework is proposed to detect and categorize brain tumors...

Swarm intelligence has been applied to replicate numerous natural processes and relatively simple species to achieve excellent performance in a variety of disciplines. An autonomous approach employing deep reinforcement learning is presented in this study for swarm navigation. In this approach, complex 3D environments with static and dynamic obstac...

Drones are unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) utilized for a broad range of functions, including delivery, aerial surveillance, traffic monitoring, architecture monitoring, and even War-field. Drones confront significant obstacles while navigating independently in complex and highly dynamic environments. Moreover, the targeted objects within a dynamic...

Drones are unmanned aerial vehicles utilized for a broad range of functions, including delivery, aerial surveillance, traffic monitoring, architecture monitoring and even in War field. Indeed, drones confront significant obstacles while navigating independently in unstable and highly dynamic environments. In comparison with the standard "map-locali...

Background : Immuno-score, a prognostic measure for cancer, employed in determining tumour grade and type, is generated by counting the number of Tumour-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) in CD3 and CD8 stained histopathological tissue samples. Significant stain variations and heterogeneity in lymphocytes’ spatial distribution and density make automat...

Malware is a key component of cyber-crime, and its analysis is the first line of defence against cyber-attack. This study proposes two new malware classification frameworks: Deep Feature Space-based Malware classification (DFS-MC) and Deep Boosted Feature Space-based Malware classification (DBFS-MC). In the proposed DFS-MC framework, deep features...

Automatic segmentation of shoulder muscle MRI is challenging due to the high variation in muscle size, shape, texture, and spatial position of tears. Manual segmentation of tear and muscle portion is hard, time-consuming, and subjective to pathological expertise. This work proposes a new Region and Edge-based Deep Auto-Encoder (RE-DAE) for shoulder...

Deep Convolutional Neural Network based Approaches for Mitosis Detection in Breast Histology Images and Challenges

Background: The recent emergence of a highly infectious and contagious respiratory viral disease known as COVID-19 has vastly impacted human lives and overloaded the health care system. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a fast and accurate diagnostic system for the timely identification of COVID-19 infected patients and thus to control its spread...

The new emerging COVID-19, declared a pandemic disease, has affected millions of human lives and caused a massive burden on healthcare centers. Therefore, a quick, accurate, and low-cost computer-based tool is required to timely detect and treat COVID-19 patients. In this work, two new deep learning frameworks: Deep Hybrid Learning (DHL) and Deep B...

As a novel biomarker from the Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) family, FANCA is antigens to Leukemia cancer. The overexpression of FANCA has predicted the second most common cancer in the world that is responsible for cancer-related deaths. Non-synonymous SNPs are an essential group of SNPs that lead to alterations in encoded polypeptide...

Malicious activities in cyberspace have gone further than simply hacking machines and spreading viruses. It has become a challenge for a nations survival and hence has evolved to cyber warfare. Malware is a key component of cyber-crime, and its analysis is the first line of defence against attack. This work proposes a novel deep boosted hybrid lear...

Genetic programming (GP) has been primarily used to tackle optimization, classification, and feature selection related tasks. The widespread use of GP is due to its flexible and comprehensible tree-type structure. Similarly, research is also gaining momentum in the field of image processing, because of its promising results over vast areas of appli...

Connected Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) promise innovative solutions for traffic flow management, especially for congestion mitigation. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication depends on wireless technology where vehicles can communicate with each other about obstacles and make cooperative strategies to avoid these obstacles. Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (...

Mitotic nuclei estimation in breast tumour samples has a prognostic significance in analysing tumour aggressiveness and grading system. The automated assessment of mitotic nuclei is challenging because of their high similarity with non-mitotic nuclei and heteromorphic appearance. In this work, we have proposed a new Deep Convolutional Neural Networ...

The mitotic activity index is a key prognostic measure in tumour grading. Microscopy based detection of mitotic nuclei is a significant overhead and necessitates automation. This work proposes deep CNN based multi-phase mitosis detection framework “MP-MitDet” for mitotic nuclei identification in breast cancer histopathological images. The workflow...

Provides Guidelines for Writing a Technical Paper, especially in the field of Computer Science (Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Image Processing)

Provides the basic guidelines for writing a technical paper

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) promise to disrupt the traditional systems of transportation. An autonomous driving environment requires an uninterrupted, continuous stream of data and information based on complex traffic data sets and predictive measurements to make critical and real-time decisions in uncertain situations. Such an environment fosters a...

Breast cancer is one of the deadly diseases among women. However, the chances of death are highly reduced if it gets diagnosed and treated at its early stage. Mammography is one of the reliable methods used by the radiologist to detect breast cancer at its initial stage. Therefore, an automatic and secure breast cancer detection system that accurat...

Basic Overview of CNN and its Architectural Survey

The presentation of our two works; Covid-19 Analysis Using Chest X-ray and CT Lung images

Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a special type of Neural Networks, which has shown exemplary performance on several competitions related to Computer Vision and Image Processing. Some of the exciting application areas of CNN include Image Classification and Segmentation, Object Detection, Video Processing, Natural Language Processing, and...

Automating the scoring of Whole-Slide Images (WSIs) is a challenging task because the search space for selecting region of interest (ROI) is huge due to the very large sizes of WSIs. A Multifaceted Fused-CNN (MF-CNN) and a Hybrid-Descriptor are proposed to develop an integrated scoring system for Breast Cancer histopathology WSIs. Suitable color an...

Grippers are the devices that mimic human hands in both function and form. Most of the grippers; however lack sensing abilities. The ones integrated with feedback and sensors are quite expensive. Safe and reliable grasping also demands a systematic and computationally viable algorithm. This paper presents the development of a low-cost sensor-based...

Higgs boson is a fundamental particle, and the classification of Higgs signals is a well-known problem in high energy physics. The identification of the Higgs signal is a challenging task because its signal has a resemblance to the background signals. This study proposes a Higgs signal classification using a novel combination of random forest, auto...

By providing the generalisation of integration and differentiation, and incorporating the memory and hereditary effects, fractional-order modelling has gotten significant attention in the past few years. One of the extensively studied and utilised models to describe the glucose–insulin system of a human body is Bergman's minimal model. This non-lin...

COVID-19 is a global health problem. Consequently, early detection and analysis of the infection patterns are crucial for controlling infection spread as well as devising a treatment plan. This work proposes a two-stage deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) based framework for delineation of COVID-19 infected regions in Lung CT images. In the f...

Breast Cancer grading is a challenging task as regards image analysis, which is normally based on mitosis count rate. The mitotic count provides an estimate of the aggressiveness of the tumor. The detection of mitosis is challenging tasks because in a frame of slides at X40 magnification, there are hundreds of nuclei containing few mitotic nuclei....

Purpose: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is quickly spreading throughout the world, but facilities in the hospitals are limited. Therefore, diagnostic tests are required to timely identify COVID-19 infected patients, and thus reduce the spread of COVID-19. Methods: The proposed method exploits the learning capability of the convolutional neural ne...