Ashraf Ghonem

Benha University · Department of Surveying Engineering (Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra)

Systematic, random and gross errors are considered the main problems facing those working in the photo-triangulation processes. The influence of systematic errors on photo-measurements may include lens distortion, film deformation, refraction and other distortions. Usually, these types of errors can be solved by the calibration process. Meanwhile,...

A solution for the problem of determining the Geodetic Latitude on the ellipsoidal earth, in terms of the Map (Isometric) or Mercator Latitude is presented in this research. The proposed model relies mainly on the spherical case by contributing a residue function which anticipates the disparity between spherical and ellipsoidal cases. The residue f...

Most of the surveying instruments have changed with the rapid change of technology. One of these instruments is the level. Some leveling works require to be executed in a short time with a high level of accuracy. Also, costs require to be as less as possible. Example of these works is the establishment of bench marks. A part from a road of 2 km len...

The representation of the third dimension (elevation) i.e. relief representation considered as an important problem facing the cartographers. This problem have to be solved. The main objective of this paper was to show the cartographic treatment of topographical relief using CAD systems (Computer Assisted Drawing). AutoCAD software package of versi...

There are many problems have been arisen in Mokattam since 1955 up till now. These problems appeared clearly in the retreat of the edge of upper Mokattam plateau, damage of Cornich street and some constructions there. For this, a strong recommendations are proposed to observe these problems to know the reasons of these occurrences which may be rela...